...Licensed to: CengageBrain User Licensed to: CengageBrain User This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User Sociology in Our Times: Ninth Edition Diana Kendall Sponsoring Editor: Erin Mitchell Developmental Editor: Renee Deljon/Kristin Makarewycz Freelance Development Editor: Tricia Louvar Assistant Editor: Linda Stewart Editorial Assistant: Mallory Ortberg Media Editor: Mary Noel Marketing Manager: Andrew Keay ...
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...association with social disorganization, and expound on how social disorganization relate to organized crime and its proliferation. Social Disorganization “[S]ocial disorganization theories suggest that a breakdown in social norms and opportunities has occurred and that the resulting frustration causes people to choose criminality as their only source of success” (Lyman & Potter, 2007, p. 81). Typically, delinquency or criminal behavior is approved because of a subculture within disadvantage communities. One of the core principles relating to the social disorganization theory is an individual’s environment is a factor when influencing an individual’s involvement in criminal activities. “[A]reas characterized by economic deprivation had high rates of population turnover, since these were undesirable residential communities, which people left once it became feasible for them to do so. Socio-economically deprived areas also tended to be settled by newly arrived immigrants, which resulted in the ethnic and racial heterogeneity of these areas” ("Review Of The Roots Of Youth Violence: Literature Reviews", 2010, para. 2). Relative Deprivation and Merton’s Anomie Theory Relative deprivation and Merton’s anomie theory are in association with social disorganization. Relative deprivation “suggests that the inequality between communities where the poor and the rich live in close proximity to one another creates a general feeling of anger, hostility, and social injustice on the...
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...ocial inequality , regional gender preference imbalance and corrupttion are the leading causes of human trafficking in india. another major cause is economic injustice and poverty. man for work generally migrate to major commercial cities and from here the demand for commercial sex is created. to fulfill the suply all sorts of efforts ar made by the supplirs like abduction etc. young girls and women belonging to poor families are at higher risk imagine yourself being born as a girl in north eastern states and you are subjected to this traffik business, you cannot help yourself cursing your detiny. even the parents are desperate to sell their daughter to earn money . they may sell their chilfren into labour , sex trafficking or illegal adoption. child...
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...more than our own actions. It seems also that people like to laugh at other people - particularly when the r!ecipient of the criticism is one who is in a position of power or authority.! ‘Lysistrata’ - one of the most profoundly influential works of the classical comic Aristophanes - is an example of just that. Aristophanes takes his surroundings and synthesises a contrary scenario, making his audience laugh, but more importantly making radical arguments about the state of affairs in Athens in 411BC. Through the voice of his actors, he provides an amusing but pertinent s!ocial commentary that can pique the interest of the residents of his city. ! There are two social conditions that Aristophanes subverts in ‘Lysistrata’, giving clues about the attitudes at the time and the problems that the real-life characters were facing. One of these is familiar: the established patriarchy and gender-based societal inequality that one who reads any pre-21st century literature will be familiar with. The second is somewhat more nuanced and contextual: the almost omnipresent inter-state warfare of Ancient Greece. The way in which they interact is the concept with which Aristophanes plays; by envisaging a revolt of the female class, a!nd the stupidity and inadequacy to...
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...Everyone, Everywhere 2030 WaterAid’s Global Strategy 2015-2020 We are WaterAid Our vision is a world where everyone, everywhere has safe water, sanitation and hygiene. Our mission is to transform the lives of the poorest and most marginalised people by improving access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene. Our values define our culture and unite us across the many countries in which we work. They are at the very heart of WaterAid – who we are, what we do and how we do it. Respect Collaboration We treat everyone with dignity and respect and champion the rights and contribution of all to achieve a fairer world. We work with others to maximise our impact, respecting diversity and difference in the pursuit of common goals. Accountability Innovation We are accountable to those whose lives we hope to see transformed, to those we work with and to those who support us. We are creative and agile, always learning, and prepared to take risks to accelerate change. Courage Integrity We are bold and inspiring in our actions and words, and uncompromising in our determination to pursue our mission. We act with honesty and conviction and our actions are consistent with openness, equality and human rights. Front cover image: Janett, four, fills up a jerrycan with clean, safe water at the village’s new pump in Bugesera district, Rwanda. WaterAid/Zute Lightfoot Back cover image: Four-year-old Andreana (centre) and her friends...
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...To what extent have gender inequalities been reinforced, rather than reduced, by social policy in Germany and Sweden? Social policy in the modern western world is constantly developing in terms of equality, especially in the promotion of gender equality in society. Radical improvements such as the right for women to work, to vote and the equal opportunities available in terms of education; has radically improved the position of women, mothers and single parents in economic forerunners such as Germany and Sweden, with the gender gap being arguably non-existent if compared to previous generations. However, it is still apparent that there are startling differences between the two countries in terms of welfare benefits and social policy affecting men and women, with neither achieving the desired goal of an egalitarian society. Within his ground-breaking study on welfare state regime-types, Gøsta Esping-Andersen argues that gender imbalances within social policy is the outcome and production of the specific welfare-regime type the state possesses, suggesting that whether traditionalist or socialist in their views, welfare states dominate policies, consequently determining which social group benefits such as the bourgeoisie or proletariat, the majority or minority or men or women for example. (Esping-Andersen, 1990: 24) The first chancellor of Germany, Otto Von Bismarck created a social insurance system in 1873, of which became a pioneering model for the basis of the...
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...F u r t h e r Praise for Globalization and Its Discontents " Development and economics are not about statistics. Rather, they a re about lives and jobs. Stiglitz never forgets that there are people at t he end of these policies, and that the success of a policy should be d efined not by h o w fast international banks are repaid, but by h o w m u c h people have to eat, and by h o w much better it makes their lives." — Christian Science Monitor " [An] urgently important new book." — Boston Globe " Whatever your opinions, you will be engaged by Stiglitz's sharp i nsights for a provocative reform agenda to reshape globalization. A m ust read for those concerned about the future, w h o believe that a w orld of decent work is possible and want to avert a collision course b etween the haves and the have nots." —Juan Somavia, d irector-general of the International Labour Organization " [Stiglitz s] rare mix of academic achievement and policy experience m akes Globalization and Its Discontents w orth r e a d i n g . . . . His passion a nd directness are a breath of fresh air given the usual circumlocutions of economists." — BusinessWeek " T h i s smart, provocative study contributes significantly to the o n g o i n g globalization debate and provides a m o d e l of analytical r igor c o n c e r n i n g the process of assisting countries facing the challenges of e c o n o m i c development and transformation. . . . Impassioned, balanced and i n f...
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...Abstract India is a complex nation with a rich history and years of diversity. With the rise of the global economy over the last century, it is safe to say that the country has become a major multi-national player. Although outsourcing to India has been a trend since the early 90’s, the country also has a growing local economy that is primed for investment should the right opportunity arise. However, not just any company can invest in or partner with India. Because India is rich in tradition and very slow to change its views, it will take a savvy, experienced investor with a team of managers willing to take on the task of creating a successful partnership with a country whose past has been riveted with corruption and a caste system that tends to hold its citizens back from improvement. A Multi National Corporation (MNC), with the right resources, will be able to benefit from the positive attributes of the developing country while at the same time contributing to the reduction of poverty and improved lifestyle of local citizens. Q#1. What are the major elements and dimensions of culture in this region? Communication The dimensions of culture can be summed up in a few points: communication, religion, ethics, values and attitudes, manners, customs, social structures and organizations, and education. Beginning with communication is perhaps the most important aspect of culture for a business manager to address. In Cross Border Commerce, author Brian Satterlee quotes John...
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...Room to grow European cities hotel forecast for 2014 and 2015. 18 gateway cities, Amsterdam to Zurich March 2014 www.pwc.com/hospitality II Room to grow Contents Summary 2 How did 2013 turn out? 4 Spotlight on prospects for 2014 and 2015 6 Beyond the data: trends transforming hotel businesses 14 Economic, travel and supply outlook 20 From Amsterdam to Zurich: Which cities are best placed to grow? 25 Appendices: Full data tables 49 Further reading 52 Contacts 53 Summary This third edition of our European cities hotel forecast is published against a backdrop of a region that has taken an economic pounding but is seeing clear evidence of economic recovery and returning confidence The world is changing at a pace and in this snapshot (taken in February 2014) we look forward to a resurgence in travel and hotel prospects in 2014 and 2015. 2 Room to grow (c)Suzanne Christ In terms of where hotels are compared to before the recession, in nominal terms the market is almost back at its pre-recession peak (reached during 2007) but it remains significantly behind in real terms. For example, European ADR is now only 5.7% below its pre-recession levels in nominal terms but 17.9% lower in real terms. There are 18 cities in this econometric forecast – all are important gateway cities and/or business and tourism centres and some are en route to becoming mega cities. The 18 reflect ...
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...81 RJUPR 41 81 Rev. Jur. U.P.R. 41 Page 1 Revista Juridica Universidad de Puerto Rico 2012 Artículo *41 PROTESTA PELIGROSA Y DEMOCRACIA EN RIESGO: DISENTIR EN EL MARCO DE LA REPRESENTATIVIDAD Ariadna M. Godreau-Aubert [FNa1] Copyright © 2012 Revista Jurídica de la Universidad de Puerto Rico; Ariadna M. Godreau-Aubert Introducción 41 I. La protesta en el estado democrático 42 II. Protesta ¿Para quién? 48 III. El discurso de la peligrosidad: El Estado y la Democracia en riesgo 53 IV. ¿Cómo se tipifica un Derecho?: Democracia y criminalización 57 V. La responsabilidad judicial ante la protesta y la ausencia de respuestas 59 Conclusión 61 Introducción En nuestro País el derecho a la protesta no se discute. Los pocos debates sobre los procesos de disidencia y los movimientos sociales se limitan a reiteraciones de la política pública del Estado y a la urgencia de resguardar los intereses particulares de los individuos en sociedad. La criminalización discursiva y legal, la censura, el repudio, los actos violentos contra manifestantes y la legitimación de estas prácticas por los principales organismos legales y judiciales señalan una incapacidad de concebir la protesta como elemento indispensable en la democracia puertorriqueña. En todo caso, el discurso oficial advierte en la disidencia una amenaza para la continuidad de los procesos democráticos. Ante el contenido mínimo que exige una organización democrática moderna, tal actitud...
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...IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL . . . 1 Learn that economics is about the allocation of scarce resources Examine some of the tradeof fs that people face Learn the meaning of oppor tunity cost See how to use marginal reasoning when making decisions TEN OF PRINCIPLES ECONOMICS Discuss how incentives af fect people’s behavior The word economy comes from the Greek word for “one who manages a household.” At first, this origin might seem peculiar. But, in fact, households and economies have much in common. A household faces many decisions. It must decide which members of the household do which tasks and what each member gets in return: Who cooks dinner? Who does the laundry? Who gets the extra dessert at dinner? Who gets to choose what TV show to watch? In short, the household must allocate its scarce resources among its various members, taking into account each member’s abilities, efforts, and desires. Like a household, a society faces many decisions. A society must decide what jobs will be done and who will do them. It needs some people to grow food, other people to make clothing, and still others to design computer software. Once society has allocated people (as well as land, buildings, and machines) to various jobs, 3 Consider why trade among people or nations can be good for everyone Discuss why markets are a good, but not per fect, way to allocate resources Learn what determines some trends in the overall economy 1 TLFeBOOK 2 4 Ten Principles...
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...Chapter 1 What is social psychology? LEARNING OUTCOMES When you have finished studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1 Outline the main differences between experimental and critical approaches to social psychology. 2 Describe the three main ‘metaphysical battles’ between them. 3 Trace the origins of social psychology through the work of William McDougall and William James, and the contributions made by Völkerpsychologie and crowd psychology. 4 Describe the two contrasting images of ‘the person’ in social psychology. 5 Identify the roots of and describe the historical development of both experimental and critical social psychology. 6 Describe the main elements of Modernism and Postmodernism, and how these relate to contemporary social psychology. 7 Explain how these two approaches are different, and why they cannot be integrated. Introduction On a March night in 1964, Kitty Genovese was attacked by a maniac as she came home from work at 3 A.M. Thirty-eight of her Kew Gardens neighbors came to their windows when she cried out in terror – but no one came to her assistance. Even though the attack, which resulted in her death, lasted more than half an hour, no one even so much as called the police. . . . The thirty-eight witnesses to Kitty 3 4 FOUNDATIONS AND PRINCIPLES Genovese’s murder did not merely look at the scene once and then ignore it. Instead they continued to stare out, fascinated, distressed, unwilling to act but unable...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1.1 Introduction Stripping widows of property is a huge social problem in Zimbabwe especially with the escalating death toll due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Customary laws have been unable to address the problem which suggests that extra- legal interventions might be necessary. Social work intervention is necessary to preserve the widow’s worth and dignity as a human being, which is the principal value of social work. A widow is a woman who has lost a husband by death and has not remarried, according to The South African Concise Oxford Dictionary. Property stripping refers to depriving someone of acquired or inherited movable or immovable possessions that rightfully and legally belong to that person (The South African Concise Oxford Dic tionary; Kuenyehia 2003). This study uses stripping and grabbing interchangeably as refer ring to the same act. Basing their studies in Ikot Idem in Nigeria, Okunmadewa, Aina, Ayoola, Mamman, Nweze, Odebiyi, Shedu and Zacha (2002:106) maintain: [W]omen’s wellbeing often deteriorates quickly after the loss of their husbands, when they suffer threats of both their physical security and property. A widow often loses her husband’s property to the in-laws in accordance with family traditional rules. This study proposes to explore the widows’ experiences of property inheritance in the Binga District, in the North West of Zimbabwe...
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...-1- DANIEL GOLEMAN’S EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE: WHY IT CAN MATTER MORE THAN IQ (1995)1 False facts are highly injurious to the progress of science, for they often long endure. But false views, if supported by some evidence, do little harm. (Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871)2 Since its publication in 1995, Daniel Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More than IQ has been the flagship of a fleet of books that Goleman has authored or co-authored, and the foundation text of a world-wide movement that claims that what has been universally regarded as intelligence is merely one type of intelligence – cognitive intelligence – and is not as important as another type of intelligence – emotional intelligence. As the dust jacket of Emotional Intelligence proclaims, it is, “The groundbreaking book that redefines what it means to be smart.” In this document, I will analyze every book and article that Goleman adduced to denigrate the importance of cognitive intelligence, and even more, the tests that measure it. I will demonstrate that not one of them says what Goleman claims it says, and many say the opposite.3 No one denies that emotional strengths and social abilities often contribute to social and occupational success. But Goleman knew two crucial facts about them that he did not tell his readers. In the introduction to Emotional Intelligence, Goleman wrote (pages xi-xii), This mapping [of emotional intelligence] offers a challenge...
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...-1- DANIEL GOLEMAN’S EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE: WHY IT CAN MATTER MORE THAN IQ (1995)1 False facts are highly injurious to the progress of science, for they often long endure. But false views, if supported by some evidence, do little harm. (Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871)2 Since its publication in 1995, Daniel Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More than IQ has been the flagship of a fleet of books that Goleman has authored or co-authored, and the foundation text of a world-wide movement that claims that what has been universally regarded as intelligence is merely one type of intelligence – cognitive intelligence – and is not as important as another type of intelligence – emotional intelligence. As the dust jacket of Emotional Intelligence proclaims, it is, “The groundbreaking book that redefines what it means to be smart.” In this document, I will analyze every book and article that Goleman adduced to denigrate the importance of cognitive intelligence, and even more, the tests that measure it. I will demonstrate that not one of them says what Goleman claims it says, and many say the opposite.3 No one denies that emotional strengths and social abilities often contribute to social and occupational success. But Goleman knew two crucial facts about them that he did not tell his readers. In the introduction to Emotional Intelligence, Goleman wrote (pages xi-xii), This mapping [of emotional intelligence] offers a challenge...
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