...Safety Administration, an estimated 7.1 million motorcycles were registered in the United States as of 2008. The vast majority of motorcycle riders are law-abiding citizens who enjoy motorcycles as a hobby or form of transportation. Some enthusiasts even belong to clubs or groups devoted to motorcyclists; for example, an estimated 230,000 riders belong to the American Motorcyclist Association, one of the largest motorcycle clubs in the United States. What I will be talking about today is a small portion of motorcycle clubs that function as gangs and engage in a variety of deviant behavior and criminal activities. Individual members of such clubs proudly call themselves “One Percenters,” a nick name that originated from a comment made by the American Motorcycle Association that “99% of bikers follow the law.”! ! In an article; Leathers and Rolexs: The Symbolism and Values of the Motorcycle Club by! James F. Quinn and Craig J. Forsyth wrote “It is difficult to distinguish a modern one percenter from other bikers unless the patch is present. Further, the core traits of one percenters and their clubs are merely the extreme of a continuum that runs from law-abiding to crime immersed and from the countercultural gang member to the sophisticated subcultural entrepreneur.”! ! There are 4 distinct types of offending that can be observed with these groups:! Spontaneous expressive acts, which are typically violent crimes that arise between rivals in social settings and are committed...
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...A Brief History of "Outlaw" Motorcycle Clubs Little scholarly research exists which addresses outlaw motorcycle clubs. These works attempt to explore warring factions of outlaw clubs, provide club members’ perspectives about media portrayal, expose myths, and elucidate motorcycle club culture.*1 The literature reveals gaps which leave many unanswered questions: Where do outlaw motorcycle clubs come from? How did they start? How or why did they evolve into alleged international crime organizations? The few histories of outlaw motorcycle organizations date the origins of such clubs to around 1947 and tend to oversimplify the issues of why these clubs formed and who actually joined them. Histories such as these are built on foundations of weak evidence, rendering inconsequential the origins of the subculture and relegating members of early organizations to the marginal status of “malcontents on the edge of society, and other antisocial types who just wanted to raise hell” (Valentine 147). This article extends current research by reaching back nearly half a century before 1947 to link the dawn of motorcycle organizations with the present reality of outlaw motorcycle clubs. The overarching goal of the article is to offer a more comprehensive history, an evolutionary history that may allow for a better understanding of contemporary motorcycle subculture. What follows is a taxonomy of social and historical factors affecting group formation of motorcycle clubs according to the...
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...The Nation of Gods and Earths, sometimes referred to as NGE or NOGE, the Five-Percent Nation, or the Five Percenters is an American organization founded in 1964 in the Harlem section of the borough of Manhattan, New York City, by Clarence 13X, a former student of Malcolm X, who left his mosque because he disagreed with the Nation of Islam over the nature and identity of God.[1] Members of the organization call themselves Five Percenters, which reflects their belief that ten percent of the people of the world know the truth of existence, and those elites opt to keep 85 percent of the world in ignorance and under their controlling thumb. The remaining percentage are those who know the truth and are determined to enlighten the rest. They are the Five Percent Nation.[1] Initially, the Nation of Gods and Earths was viewed as little more than an off-shoot of the Nation of Islam (NOI). However, while the Nation of Gods and Earths has been characterized as an organization, an institution, a religion, or even a gang, representatives of the Nation teach that it is a way of living. The New York City areas of Harlem ("Mecca") and Brooklyn ("Medina") are named after notable Islamic cities by members of the organization.[2][3] The Nation of Gods and Earths teaches that Black people are the original people of the planet Earth, and that they are the fathers (Gods) and mothers (Earths) of civilization.[1] The Nation believes that the science of Supreme Mathematics is the key to understanding...
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...Poverty is the lack of funds to pay for basic needs. The lack of basic needs in which are used to survive means this is a problem with debatable solutions. Peter Singer has initiated an argument over the solution to poverty in what he and many others feel is a suitable course of action. Peter’s argument is this “The formula is simple: whatever money you’re spending on luxuries, not necessities, should be given away”. This would have everyone in the world not in poverty donating one third of all wealth to poverty, as that is the average percentage of money spent on luxuries per the average family or person. The pros of this argument would be equalization of the economy and the curing of poverty. The cons of Peter Singer’s argument are taking...
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...what is Business Research? The book says it is a systematic inquiry that provides information to guide managerial decisions. Or a process of planning, acquiring, analyzing, and disseminating relevant data, information, and insights to the decision makers in the ways that mobilize the organization to take appropriate actions, that maximize performance. The way that my business uses research currently is to find new technologies that are better than the current, new announcements for Bitcoin such as features, competition, or issues (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). A good example of how research can save my business is in early 2014 the price of Bitcoin went from $1200 to around 650 in one day. If I had not sold at the start of the dump at 1150 the day before, we would have lost half of our equity in one day. However due to research that my company had done, we saw the day before that a Japanese Bitcoin exchange MT GOX had been hacked, and around 1 million Bitcoin was stolen. Considering that there are only 21 million Bitcoins that can ever be in existence, which was a huge hit at almost 5% of the total. To understand how and why we do research thee way we do, you have to understand our product. So what is Bitcoin? Bitcoin has occupied front pages and preoccupied media for many weeks now and there are mountains of information (or misinformation) about this crypto-currency. Is it for real, or money from nothing? Is it a bubble that’s due to burst? Is it a scam, a ponzi scheme? While...
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...Anna Lombardo MWF 8am Research paper Americans are noticeably differentiated from one another by economic status. Technological innovations by top earners benefits both groups, family problems even tend to hinder both and yet, 99% of Americans tend to feel betrayed by the 1% of Americans who are wealthy and successful, where as the top income grossers feel that they are not to blame and those who are suffering must give themselves some of the credit.Occupy Wall Street is a movement to protest corporate greed, growing wealth inequality, and the absence of legal action against banking executives blamed for the global financial crisis. Led by the 99% of Americans who face decisions such as paying groceries or rent. This is the same group that works long hours for little pay and as low as no rights and is denied quality medical care(Susman). The Primary objective of Occupy Wall Street is to share the wealth, that is to say to reduce the differences amongst the 99% and the 1% that have much more of a say in the structure of the American Society, despite their smaller numbers in terms of population (Susman). Globalization, advancements in technology, corrupting family relations and not understanding all tend to affect all Americans. Globalization and technological advancement has greatly influenced the economy of the American for both upper class families and then those who consider themselves apart of the poorer 99%. The top earners have accumulated great success and fortune...
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...Religion and Hip Hop Culture Religious Studies 157/311 Fall 2013 Tuesday & Thursday 10:50am-12:05pm Location: Duncan Lecture Hall 1055 * Important: Pay attention to the requirements listed for each of the course levels. The requirements for 311 level students are in italics (this includes extra readings). Also, NO Photos are to be taken. Cameras and cell phones must be stowed away during class. Instructors: Anthony B. Pinn Bernard “Bun B” Freeman Email: pinn@rice.edu Email: Bernard.j.freeman@rice.edu Office: Humanities 234 Office Phone: 713.348.2710 Office Hours: By Appointment Course Outreach Advisor: Anzel Jennings Teaching Assistants: Office: Humanities 215 or Pavilion (ask your TA for the location) 157 Level: * Jessica Davenport, jbd3@rice.edu, Office hours: Fridays, 9:00am-12:00pm * David Kline, david.a.kline@rice.edu, Office hours: Wednesdays, 1:00pm-4:00pm * Cleve Tinsley, cvt1@rice.edu, Office hours: Fridays, 9:00am-12:00pm * Aundrea Matthews, alm2@rice.edu, Office hours: Wednesdays, 10:30am-1:30pm 311 Level: * Jonathan Chism, chism@rice.edu, Office hours: Thursdays, 1:00pm-4:00pm * Darrius Hills, darrius.d.hills@rice.edu, Office Hours: Tuesdays, 1:00pm-4:00pm * Jason Jeffries, joj1@rice.edu, Office Hours: Wednesdays, 9:00pm-12:00pm Course Description: Understanding religion as the “Quest for Complex Subjectivity” or more simply the effort to make life meaningful in complex...
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...began after the veterans of World War Two returned home. Many of the return veterans started to ride motorcycles to feel the excitement that replaced the emotions from the war. On 4th of July 1946 the American Motorcycle Association held a motorcycle event in the small city of Hollister, California. At that time there were two motorcycle gangs that were know as the Pissed Off Bastards of Bloomington and the other gang was known as the Market Street Commandoes (CTGIA). The small city was filled with bikers and the police department consisted of only seven officers. The night got rowdy and the officers arrested one of the P.O.B.O.B. The gang ordered the police to release their fellow member and when they refused, the gang tore the city apart. This one event created history for motorcycle gangs because from that day on their will always be a July 4th run and the one percent image came into play. The Pissed Off Bastards of Bloomington late changed their name to the Hell’s Angels. In the 1950’s the motorcycle gangs were known as a rowdy group of people that rode motorcycles, but they reorganized in the 1960’s. During this time the gangs became involved in organized crime. The gangs were involved in murder, rape, narcotics, prostitution, weapons and intimidation. All the gangs that are associated with the American...
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...I am not a big fan of superheroes nor their movies. I’m more of a documentary type of movie person. My roommate, Jasmine, wanted me to accompany her to see the new movie Batman Vs. Superman, I said, “why not watch a movie of a different genre?” This film is a continuation from when Superman battled Zod from the movie Man of Steel. Where the loss of life and collateral damage left many feeling angry and helpless, including crime-fighting billionaire Bruce Wayne who is Batman. In my opinion, I thought it was a pretty good movie with a great story and a lot of action. As I review different articles about the movie Batman Vs. Superman, many fans didn’t like the film and gave bad reviews. Seitz, Matt article review of, “Batman V Superman: Dawn of...
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...by our public leaders. In the United States an individual is measured by material possessions and monetary success. This opportunity is often blocked by this gulf, making it impossible to obtain. Throughout the United States the rise of gangs continue to plague rural, suburban, and urban communities. There is a devastating expansion of street gangs as of 2011, and there are becoming more sophisticated in the operations of drug trafficking and prostitution. Today’s gangs are becoming more organized and opportunistic with advanced technology to recruit new members each and every day. According to the National Gang Intelligence Center (NGIC) there are roughly 33,000 gangs in America, 1.4 million gang members of the prison, street, and One Percenter OMG’s motorcycle gangs. There gangs are known in the Northeast and Southeast states of America (Adler, 1995). It is important to explore the way gangs are influenced by the cultural risk factors practiced in society, limited conditions lead to an alternative lifestyle, and the roles law enforcement and policymakers are identifying factors that destabilize neighborhoods. Gangs have plagued the streets of American for roughly 200 years as of today. Many of these gangs were immigrants that relocated to the United States to end up living in poverty. These youth members formed these gangs as a form of socialization and protection. These gangs compromised of members of the same race and...
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...Introduction The concept of what is measured to be deviant and criminal is reliant on the essential morals, values, norms, as well as legal and political circumstances in today’s society. What has been codified as being illegal in one society could be legal somewhere else. For instance, prostitution has always been legal in Canada, the facts surrounding it are currently illegal, whereas prostitution is completely illegal in most parts of Europe. Deviance is another subjective matter which is subject but not limited to criminal behavior. As a matter of fact, it is also relative to time and place; certain actions or conducts can be seen as being deviant depending where and when it occurs. For example, being nude is perfectly tolerable by society...
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...have actual capital at risk?” (Lowenstein, 2015). A major ethical issue arises when a company is struggling and working their employees over the expected workweek, yet is unwilling to hire additional resources due to budget constraints and yet the executive compensation is still multiple times larger than the average employee. For a CEO to be compensated over 100 times the average worker and declare the company lacks funding to help support additional resources is unethical. Validity of CEO Reward System The job of a CEO is not a simple one and there are many challenges such as insuring company profitability, encouraging continual motivation and reducing turnover. The position of running a company is filled with constant stress and greater responsibility and should be rewarded with higher compensation. “The average CEO at one of the 350 largest companies takes home more than five times the annual earnings of the average 0.1 percenter” (Donnelly, 2017). Since 2015, when the SEC forced public companies to reveal the ratio gap, employees now have an understanding of how large the compensation gap is. With this new insight, if a CEO is able to continual to motivate and their employees well enough then they deserve a higher compensation, yet the true issue is what is considered fair. Reduction of Compensation Gap Companies should consider reducing the executive compensation ratio gap to improve the moral of the company as a whole. An example would be Gravity Payment’s CEO...
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...fail to mention the income difference between those creating these new jobs and those occupying them. The majority of jobs provided by these large companies do not offer wages above the average median individual income, which means the economic mobility of these jobholders is either stagnant or decreasing. Conard and Winship also claim that increased economic inequality is not linked to decreased upward mobility and that upward mobility has remained relatively stable over the years despite the increasing wealth gap, but the recent studies performed by the U.S. Census Bureau have proven otherwise. (Intelligence Squared Debate Transcript 2014: 12). Debaters for the motion, Elise Gould and Nick Hanauer bring up a valid point that the number one way in which income inequality negatively effects opportunity is through education. Higher income families with the means to invest more into their children’s education have an advantage over families who cannot afford to pour extra finances into their children’s education (Intelligence Squared Debate Transcript 2014: 10). This leads to the bigger issue that success in our society is largely determined by the financial status of the family you are born into. This is a key indicator of the correlation between income inequality and opportunity inequality. In addition to this, it must be taken into consideration that living expenses in America have increased immensely over the past few decades. Even if statistics were to reflect an unchanged...
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...African Americans time and time again have been the target of oppression and racial injustice. Even so, during time of need, they were there to protect and serve their nation. In World War II over 2.5 million Black men registered for the draft, and one million served throughout all branches of the Armed Forces during the conflict. Within that one million, over 12,000 black men were forced to stay in segregated combat support groups. By the 1940s there was 145,000 black men serving in the US Army Air Force. This included the 99th Fighter Squadron, also known as the Tuskegee Airmen. The Tuskegee Airmen were African American bomber and fighter pilots who were awarded for their heroic service during World War II. The Navy put up a lot of resistance when it came to letting blacks serve and only allowed them to serve as mess attendants. But, with pressure from President Franklin D. Roosevelt and civil...
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...animals species. While oil companies claim that they can keep the drilling safe by taking precautions there are still many spills all around the world. There have been plenty of oil spills while organizations have claimed how their methods are safe. For example in 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico we had the largest oil spill in history, due to the organization not taking the safety percenters seriously. ” This oil spill negatively affected the Gulf and people who make their living off of fishing. While an oil spill may not seem like a problem because it may not have affected you, it in some still a problem that, if not handled. Antarctica and other National Parks and could greatly benefit the economy have oil prospects but it could result in protest by animal activists, branches of the government, and people in general, and could have devastating effects on the wildlife that surrounds the possible drilling zone. Oil drilling is terrible for the environment and with 40 national parks, including Everglades, Grand Teton, and Mesa Verde.” According to an article on The Facts on Oil and Gas Drilling in National Parks. If one organization fails to show that they can handle drilling why should others be judged? Yes, not all organizations have had spills, but according to CNN “ A total of 210,000 gallons of oil leaked from the Keystone Pipeline in South Dakota.” This organization had also promised no spills. Their oil pipeline had been approved by Trump in the beginning of his presidency, these...
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