...The Outsiders Notes Characters: Ponyboy Curtis - He is fourteen year old greaser and the story is told from is point of view. Ponyboy is the smartest kid in his gang. Ponyboy lives with his older brothers Sodapop and Darry. Darrel Curtis - He is Ponyboy’s oldest brother in the book he is known as Darry. Darry is a twenty year old greaser who is raising Ponyboy because their parents died in a car crash. Sodapop Curtis - He is Ponyboy’s middle brother that has the good look and charm. Two-Bit Mathews - Two-Bit is a greaser that is always starting fights with the soc’s. Steve Randle - Steve is Sodapop’s best friend who is also a greaser. Steve sees Ponyboy as Sodapop’s annoying little brother. Dallas Winston - He is the toughest greaser....
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...Breaking News! Local Greasers, Ponyboy Curtis, Johnny Cade, and Dallas Winston were caught in a fire in Windrixville. But why were these hoodlums caught in a fire? For a reason no one saw coming. Earlier in the day, a local school went on a picnic near an abandoned church in Tulsa. “We were having a school picnic up here and the first thing we knew, the place is burning up” said Jerry Wood, one of the teachers. Jerry told us exclusively that he didn't think that it was a big deal because we are in wet season and the old church is worthless anyway. But it just so happens that the boys, Ponyboy, Johnny, were hiding from the police, staying in the church. Dallas, who was not hiding from the cops, but helped them with their runaway plan drove up to Tulsa to bring them back home so they can turn themselves in. According to Dallas Winston when they were coming back from Dairy Queen Ponyboy spotted the fire and made Dallas stop driving, then Ponyboy got out of the car and started running towards the church to see what was going on, with Johnny following him. Ponyboy Curtis told later told us that Johnny and him were the cause to the fire. “We must have dropped a lighted cigarette or something.” said Pony. Dallas and Pony both said they heard screaming coming from inside the church. Dallas told authorities that right after they heard screaming Pony and Johnny ran to the church, busted a window and disappeared into the smoke. Dally said he was worried so he himself ran into the church...
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...The Concept of the Outsider Literature often persecutes the most vulnerable, a person who lacks support and therefore power within society. Described by Terry Eagleton for The Guardian as the “literary mainstream”; these characters are often referred to as the Outsider due to their exclusion from the community in which the text is set. The characters who are referred to as Outsiders can be portrayed in different ways; their initial exclusion from society can ultimately lead to a narrative of their acquisition of power throughout the text but similarly, can portray a story of their maintenance of the minimal power they have over the course of the text’s plot. However, this is not to argue that some Outsiders presented within literature do not have power over the course of the development of the text so, as a consequence, remain excluded from the society. In this case, the text would then be considered an exposition of the character’s experience from their position in society rather than the author’s attempt of trying to integrate their character into society through their work. Furthermore, the author themselves may be considered an Outsider through their own status in society; they command their readers to be Outsiders themselves within the novel. As well as to read and observe the narrative in order to emulate the same feeling within themselves, within the reader or to have a specific impact on the issues surrounding humanity at the time. The contrast in the ways in which...
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...Insiders/Outsiders The religions of division; some see those who belong to a specific religion as having somewhat of an us versus them mentality thus creating an insiders and outsiders situation as the byproduct of such an atmosphere; this is often the result of any community of people who chose to categorize the population into those who belong to the group from those who don’t. In every religion, that has a law attached to it, there are certain rules and regulations you are expected to follow if you are to fit in. Most religions are more strict then others, the word religion comes from the Latin word, “religare”, which means ‘to bind tightly’, so religion could most definitely defined as something that either can bind tightly around you or you can bind tightly around it. Do they control their religion or does their religion control them. There is an element of separatism that is present in religions. In the religion of Judaism, the Pharisees were known as “the separated ones”, to be separated from the rest of the world, considered special. In the Christian religion, the character of Jesus took issue with these separated ones, who claimed to be speakers on behalf of God, he took issue with them because of their holier then though attitudes. We divide ourselves into groups as soon as we slap labels on each other, I am this and you are that. Although there are always acceptations to the rule, I believe for an organized religion to function, servants are needed to serve the...
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...The novel, “The Outsiders” by S.E. Hinton, is classified as Young Adult Fiction. In this novel, Hinton writes about real life situation teenagers go through. As for the teenagers in “The Outsiders”, social class is a major issue that brings most of the conflicts throughout the story. In this story, there are two types of people: the “Socs” and the “Greasers”. The Socs are a young and wealthy group who believe they are superior over the less fortunate. The Greasers are an example of a less fortunate group. The Greasers are “hoodlums” who live in the ghetto and are basically uneducated criminals who live in poverty.The Greasers get there name from the casual way the gang dresses, long hair that it greased constantly, and leather jackets. Ponyboy is the main Greaser character. Ponyboy has two brothers, Sodapop and Darry, and all three of them are in a gang. The Curtis’ boys have been through a lot since their parents died, and they are living each day trying to fend for themselves. Ponyboy is an intelligent young man who is constantly pushed to become something better than what he grew up to be by his two brothers. Ponyboy is walking home from school where he had been abruptly confronted by the West Side Soc who asked Ponyboy is he “needed a haircut” while he held his switchblade close to Ponyboy’s face. The Socs begin to beat Ponyboy up until Ponyboy’s brothers hear his death scream and quickly gather the gang along to the scene. Months before, another member of the...
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...The Value of Independent Directors: Evidence from Sudden Deaths* Bang Dang Nguyen Chinese University of Hong Kong nguyendang@cuhk.edu.hk Kasper Meisner Nielsen Chinese University of Hong Kong and CEBR nielsen@cuhk.edu.hk NOVEMBER 12, 2008 PRELIMINARY DRAFT – DO NOT QUOTE Abstract We investigate the contributions of independent directors to shareholder value by examining the stock price reaction to an exogenous event: sudden deaths of directors. Compiling an extensive database of sudden deaths of directors in the U.S. from 1994 to 2007, we find that following the death of an independent director, the firm’s stock price drops by almost 1% on average. For our control sample of inside and gray directors, we find no significant reaction to such events. The difference in abnormal returns following the sudden deaths of independent, gray and inside directors is statistically and economically significant given our sample’s average market capitalization of 5.3 billion dollars. Consistent with the view that independence is valuable, we find that stock prices react less negatively when the independent director is older, appointed to the board during the tenure of the current CEO, or when he has long board tenure. Our results hold when controlling for director-invariant heterogeneity (e.g. ability, experience, and skills) using a fixed-effect approach. Overall, our results demonstrate that independent directors provide a valuable service to shareholders. Keywords: Independent...
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...The United States is plagued by an array of problems; of which, many threaten the vary sanctity of the long standing American republic. Politicians are being sold to the highest bidder, with companies paying out millions to candidates, leaving the lingering question of their real loyalties. Many Americans are convinced that they live in a two-party system. With American’s increasing willingness to accept war and increasing violations on personal privacy in the name of fighting drugs and terror, the public is giving away its rights willingly. The insiders have mobilized in such a way that any dissenters are a threat to be monitored by the powers that be. American politics is divided between insiders and outsiders. The insiders are those...
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...Privacy Issue By creating a hog trough John Michael Kohler established one of the most profound plumbing companies in the world. In addition to the continual development and production of plumbing supplies Kohler also hit many other markets since its formation in 1873. The company’s private dedication to excellence has allowed them expand and seek control of these other industries. Some of these include furniture, engines, generators, rental services, and most recently the elegant golfing resort destinations which gives travelers a sense of privacy. Privacy happens to be one of Kohler’s most important values of which their success can be partially credited to it. In a publicly held firm, the company’s ownership is held and controlled by outsiders who had in some way bought into the firm as an investment, but in Kohler’s case being private means something totally different. 2 Since the company’s development and upcoming ownership has generally stayed within the family and maintained a completely private state of control. This means both family members and employees are distributed the ownership of the firm though...
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...SAMPLE DOCUMENT RETENTION AND DESTRUCTION POLICY AS OF DECEMBER 1, 2009 NOTE ON THE SCOPE OF THIS MATERIAL This material is designed to provide general guidance about an aspect of nonprofit corporate governance in the specific and limited context of the governance questions contained in the new IRS Form 990 (published by the IRS in 2008 and applicable to 990 filers based on a 2009-2011 filing year phase-in period depending on the size of the nonprofit). It is intended to provide some general guidance on the establishment of processes and/or policies to address a specific governance question in the Form. The subject matter of that question implicates a broad array of legal and practical issues ranging far beyond the immediate subject matter of the question itself. This material may address some of those issues but does NOT attempt to review them comprehensively and is NOT intended to be relied on for guidance on how they should be addressed in any specific situation. Whether or not a nonprofit organization adopts a specific governance process or policy (or modifies an existing one), either in response to the disclosure requirements of the new IRS Form 990 or to change its governance practices for other reasons is a matter to be carefully considered by that organization, with input from its board and advisors and evaluation of its specific circumstances. The IRS has explicitly stated that adoption of the policies and practices about which the new Form 990...
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...ch 1 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Gaw Company owns 15% of the common stock of Trace Corporation and used the fair-value method to account for this investment. Trace reported net income of $110,000 for 2011 and paid dividends of $60,000 on October 1, 2011. How much income should Gaw recognize on this investment in 2011? A. $16,500. B. $9,000. C. $25,500. D. $7,500. E. $50,000. Yaro Company owns 30% of the common stock of Dew Co. and uses the equity method to account for the investment. During 2011, Dew reported income of $250,000 and paid dividends of $80,000. There is no amortization associated with the investment. During 2011, how much income should Yaro recognize related to this investment? A. $24,000. B. $75,000. C. $99,000. D. $51,000. E. $80,000. On January 1, 2011, Pacer Company paid $1,920,000 for 60,000 shares of Lennon Co.'s voting common stock which represents a 45% investment. No allocation to goodwill or other specific account was made. Significant influence over Lennon was achieved by this acquisition. Lennon distributed a dividend of $2.50 per share during 2011 and reported net income of $670,000. What was the balance in the Investment in Lennon Co. account found in the financial records of Pacer as of December 31, 2011? A. $2,040,500. B. $2,212,500. C. $2,260,500. D. $2,171,500. E. $2,071,500. A company should always use the equity method to account for an investment if: A. it has the ability to exercise...
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...4/10/14 Book Report: Before the Dawn Before the Dawn was published in 2006 and was written by Nicholas Wade. It has been praised by many for its meaty content as well as readability, and can be enjoyed by people who are not so scientifically literate. The book covers a comprehensive range of topics relating to the history of human evolution and migration. He begins the book with a couple of short stories, one about finding the date of the evolution of body hair loss, and another about discovering whether President Jefferson had a slave mistress, and he delves into his theories on why the genome provides a recorded history of an organism, primarily humans. The next chapters talk about our African origins, the sparks of language, leaving Africa 50,000 years ago, and our differentiation by spreading across the world. Further in the book he speaks on our transition from nomadic lifestyles, social behavior, our ethnicities/race, deeper into language, further into history, and finally evolution. He continually comes back to the idea of acting “behaviorally modern” to shape our societies which, in turn shaped us individually. Before the Dawn gives a solid perspective on the history and sources of humans’ unrecorded historical changes. Wade addresses human aggression and relates it to the aggressive nature of chimps against bonobos. Chimps, being male-dominated, are highly aggressive and regularly go on killing raids against other groups. Bonobos, being female-dominated, are not...
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...TO BUSINESS Advantages of audit for the business are: 1. Satisfaction of Owner It is because of audit that the owner will be satisfied about the business operations and working of its various departments. 2. Detection and Prevention of Errors The errors whether committed innocently or deliberately are discovered by the process of audit and its presence prevents their occurrence in the future. No one will try to commit an error or fraud as the accounts are subject to audit and hence they will have a fear of being detected. 3. Verification of Books Another advantage of audit is the verification. of the books of accounts, which helps in maintaining the records up to date at all times. 4. Independent Opinion Auditing is very useful in obtaining the independent opinion of the auditor about business condition. If the accounts are audited by an independent auditor, the report of the auditor will be true and fair in all respects and it will be of extreme importance for the management of the company. 5. Detection and Prevention of Frauds Just like errors, frauds are discovered by audit and its presence minimizes future possibility if not eliminated totally. 6. Moral Check The process of audit will establish a check on the minds of the staff working in the business and they will not be able to commit any irregularity, as they will have a fear and will also be aware that the accounts will be examined in the near future and...
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...LAW BALANCING COMPETING INTERESTS IN CORPORATE CONTRACTS I. Introduction As an abstract entity, a company can enter into contracts[1] only as a principal through the actions of a natural person (agent) exercising powers within the company’s express or implied authority.[2] Since outsiders and shareholders rarely transact directly, the agent may act opportunistically for their personal benefit.[3] Therefore, the appropriate objective of the law may be balancing in allocations of the risk of fraud and the costs of its avoidance.[4] In other terms, the rule must balance between the business convenience[5] for the outsider and commercial morality factors[6] to prevent fraud.[7] This essay attempts to answer whether the Australian law has got the balance right by analysing the issues relating to remained uncertainties in current statutory provisions. II. Innocent Parties According to the general law of agency, the contract will not bind the company if its agent or organ enters into the contract without actual or apparent authority.[8] This may have harsh outcomes for the outsider who may suffer significant loss (e.g. cases of loan transactions). Therefore, outsiders are always in risky position because of uncertainty of the agent’s authority to enter the contract and unawareness of company’s internal irregularities. On the other hand, if the contract would be binding to the company, the shareholders, who have not authorised the agent to enter into that contract...
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...Chapter 12 Segment Reporting and Decentralization Solutions to Questions 12-1 In a decentralized organization, decision-making authority isn’t confined to a few top executives, but rather is spread throughout the organization with lower-level managers and other employees empowered to make decisions. 12-2 The benefits of decentralization include: (1) freeing top managers to focus on strategy, higher-level decision making, and coordinating activity; (2) improving operational decision making, since lower-level managers often have better information about local conditions; (3) enabling quicker response to customer needs; (4) training lower-level managers to take on greater responsibility; and (5) providing greater motivation and job satisfaction for lower-level managers. 12-3 A cost center manager has control over cost, but not revenue or investment funds. A profit center manager has control over both cost and revenue. An investment center manager has control over cost and revenue and investment funds. 12-4 A segment is any part or activity of an organization about which a manager seeks cost, revenue, or profit data. Examples of segments include departments, operations, sales territories, divisions, product lines, and so forth. 12-5 Under the contribution approach, costs are assigned to a segment if and only if the costs are traceable to the segment. Common costs are not allocated to segments under the contribution approach. 12-6 A traceable cost of a segment...
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... III EVIDENCES A- External audit B- Bankruptcy IV MOTIVATIONS OF FRAUD A- Personal initiatives B- Market expectations C- Special circumstances D- Cover-up fraud V METHODS TO REDRESS THE FRAUD A- Court case B- Provisory administration VI CONCLUSION Summary In the book Creative Accounting, Fraud and International Accounting Scandals, by Michael J. Jones, the author provides several important topics with regard to identifying and also correcting fraud. Some of the areas that the author describes is understanding the fraud environment. He also advise creative accounting methods and procedures to redress the fraud. Finally, once those methods are used, the author suggest to identify the evidences to ensure that the accounting method actually fix the fraud issue. “Many scandals occurred because accountants and auditors existing professions standards. Others reveals deficiencies in the standards at that time.” CALLED TO ACCOUNT: fourteen financials fraud shaped the American accounting profession Accounting scandals are characterized by a rapid growth, with high earning smoothing, few outsider on the audit committee, and outsider director that seems to overcommitted. The economic environment of the company, or the personal circumstances of an individual, are important. Accounting frauds are more likely when a company is facing financial difficulties. Creative accounting and fraud do not occur in a vacuum. There are number of interested...
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