...The Control Paradox: Understanding and Working with Anorexia and Bulimia Catrina Brown, M.A., M.S.W. Anorexia and bulimia are metaphors of women’s psychological distress in the face of contradictory social expectations. Women now experience uncertainty in their social roles, with conflicting pressures to be successful in their careers and as wives and mothers. In order to feel good enough, women often feel they must be “superwoman.” In spite of changes in their social roles, women are still pressured to attain the social ideals of physical beauty. In an uncertain environment a woman with a shaky sense of self can at least hope to gain approval by being thin. Today, preoccupation with weight reflects a need to focus on the body for a tangible source of self-esteem and sense of control. Controlling the body has become a precarious substitute for real control in women’s lives. While giving voice to women’s protests, anorexia and bulimia fail to change the actual circumstances to deal with conflict. As such, anorexia and bulimia are veiled protests, ones that most often go unheard. Susie Orbach has said, “Women speak with their bodies”1. For many women the body is the arena to express dissatisfaction and unhappiness. It is the site of their struggles. Instead of transforming their real lives, their real problems, women attempt to transform their bodies. Women are promised success, happiness and control through attaining the ideal thin body. While many women feel more in control...
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...experienced by ordinary people." This is just one of many extremely positive quotes about the Russian film, Leviathan, directed by Andrey Zvyagintsev and produced by Alexander Rodnyansky in 2014, and, as a forewarning, this may contain spoilers. Set in a small, northern town in Russia, the film takes in-depth look into the conspiracies of corrupted power in the lives of the powerless, focusing on a hard-working man, Koyla, and his family who desperately struggle to keep their land rights, hoping against all odds to win a losing battle. As the power-hungry mayor of the town threatens to illegally repossess his family’s farm and surrounding land, Kolya seeks the help of his old friend, Dmitri,...
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...Have you ever seen a movie and automatically thought after now I know their crime story? When people talk about crime, most people are just basing there story off of something they saw in a movie or something they saw on television. Most of the crimes in movies are; assault, bribe, armed robbery, manslaughter, or racketeering, just to name a few. For example the movie “Public Enemies” starring Johnny Depp, it portrays a rough outline of the infamous John Dillinger and his gang. When I first saw this movie I was amazed because the story that they showed wasn't at all what I expected, I expected to see all major crimes take place one after another and grueling shootouts the whole movie but they showed his kind and calm side and it actually turned out to be a great movie. Another example of crime and the movies but on the other side of the law would be any of the “X-Men” series. These people may be mutants but most of them use their gifts for good rather than break the law. A classic example would be “Robin Hood”, he broke the law only to help those in need. (rottentomatoes.com) There are other examples where crime and the movies coexist on both sides of the law, whether it would be cheering for the good guy or cringing when a killer kills their victim, movies cannot show you the whole story and cannot show you the real justice system. During my research I came across this essay called “Does Movie Violence Increase Violent Crime?” (Dahl & DellaVigna, 2006) an excerpt from the essay...
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...Abstract Millions of nurses everyday are struck by initiating and rendering empathetic care to patients and families. Daily, nurses are also subject to a multitude of crises, high acuity sets and increased workloads. The psychological demands of a nurse, under incomprehensible amounts of stress, has yet to be addressed in depth. Compassion fatigue is a label stuck to the caregiver who becomes victim to continued strain in meeting the needs of patients and families suffering from critical, traumatic, or end-of-life needs. Because of compassion fatigue, the emotional, mental, and physical health of the nurse is at stake. Little has been done to prevent compassion fatigue in the workplace. However, voices are beginning to advocate for nurses who are in the trenches day in and day out by initiating compassion fatigue interventions. These include mentorship programs, educating healthcare staff on compassion fatigue symptoms, and speaking to state legislators who are able to enact change in the healthcare setting. The implications of personal health, patient satisfaction, job satisfaction, and joyfulness are in jeopardy. Keywords: compassion fatigue, empathetic care, psychological demands, compassion fatigue interventions, compassion fatigue prevention, compassion fatigue symptoms, patient satisfaction, job satisfaction, mentorship programs A new nurse and her preceptor have a seven patient assignment. The preceptor is called away to attend to another matter, leaving...
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...What is diaspora? - To scatter - Bringing together old ideas – about diaspora - with new notions of ‘transnationalism’, ‘hybridity’ and ‘integration’ - And language. - What are the ‘traditional types’ of diaspora – victim, labour and imperial, trade and business, deterritorialised diasporas - what other (newer) forms are there? Economic, political (EU border issues). More modern notions that might not ‘fit’ traditional ideas of ‘diaspora’. Even the word seems rather outdated now? - Diaspora/transnational communities – relationships in the ‘hostland’, relationships with the ‘homeland’ – transnationalism and integration in the homeland TYPES Victim Labour Imperial Trade Deterritorialised New ideas Characteristics of diaspora: key features they have in common - Dispersal: - Or – Expansion - Memory of homeland – idealisation of home. - Idealisation of the ancestral homeland – - Development of a return movement to the homeland – transnationalism. - A strong ethnic group consciousness – based on distinctiveness, common history, common cultural and religious heritage - ‘troubled’ relationship with host societies – integration – suggesting a lack of acceptance: Mazzucato research below. - empathy with co-ethnic members in other countries of settlement. Aided by electronic communication, Skype, email, facebook, cheap phone calls, cheap flights. - possibility of a distinctive...
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...Agenda-setting Weaver D H, Graber D, McCombs M, Eyal C 1981 Media Agenda Setting in a Presidential Election: Issues, Images and Interest. Praeger, New York M. McCombs Agendas: Political The political agenda is the set of issues that are the subject of decision making and debate within a given political system at any one time. Significant research specifically on the topic of agenda setting, as opposed to decision making, dates mostly from the 1960s. Early studies of agenda setting were quite controversial because they were often presented as critiques of the pluralist studies of the 1950s and 1960s. Truman (1951) mostly ignored the issue of who set the agenda of political debate. Dahl (1956) discusses the matter in mentioning that ensuring that no group have control over the range of alternatives discussed within the political system is a requisite for democracy. In his study of New Haven he explicitly raises the question of agenda setting, noting that with a permeable political system virtually all significant issues would likely come to the attention of the elites. ‘Because of the ease with which the political stratum can be penetrated, whenever dissatisfaction builds up in some segment of the electorate party politicians will probably learn of the discontent and calculate whether it might be converted into a political issue with an electoral pay-off’ (Dahl 1961, p. 93). In Dahl’s view, then, any issue with a significant potential following in the public would likely find...
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...Text and Context in Russian Legislation With Specific Reference To The Russian Constitution Nigel J. Jamieson* ABSTRACT Law and politics have a closer inter-textual relationship in Russian jurisprudence than would be understood generally of any European legal system. The closeness of this inter-textual relationship can be partly explained by history, culture, and language, as also by dialectics, ideologies, and literature. Concepts of law, government, and the state, together with concepts of federalism, democracy, and the rule of law, can vary so markedly from their apparently translatable equivalents that, even when recognising the formal concept of a codified Constitution, the inter-textual relationship between the enacted law and politics remains so dynamic as to be impossible to tell which it is, of law or of politics, that is the text, and which the context. This inter-textual relationship remains so strongly and continuously dynamic at the level of public and international law that the customary division by which lawyers, and common lawyers especially, assume law to be the text and politics to be the context carries a critical risk. This paper identifies that risk in terms of law, literature, and logic, as well as in terms of history, politics, and dialectics. To focus solely on law as a specialism without any more syncretic and synergic account of the other contributing disciplines, is to make the textual tail of the law wag the contextual dogsbody...
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...American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 3 No. 8; August 2013 Toward a Functional Citizenship Education Curriculum in Nigerian Colleges of Education for Sustainable Development in the 21st Century Eyiuche Ifeoma Olibie, PhD Department of Educational Foundations Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria Lilian-Rita Akudolu, PhD Professor of Curriculum & Instruction and Commonwealth Fellow Department of Educational Foundations Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria Abstract This study was carried out to identify basic components of civic awareness, civic knowledge and civic dispositions needed by youths in two Colleges of Education in Anambra State of Nigeria as a basis for a functional Citizenship Education curriculum. Three hundred students were randomly selected from the two Colleges of Education in Anambra State. A 50-item questionnaire survey method was utilized based on five research questions. Findings indicated that in the perceptions of the students, it is ideal to incorporate several civic components, skills and dispositions into the citizenship education curriculum. Recommendations were made for revamping of the citizenship education curriculum in Colleges of Education in line with the identified civic components, skills and dispositions so as to ensure the establishment of education for sustainable development in the country. Keywords: Citizenship education, functional curriculum, sustainable development, teachers. Introduction Since the declaration...
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...1. Communication technologies are far from equivalent. A recent study comparing honesty across a range of different media revealed that people were twice likely to tell lies when using the phone than when communicating via e-mail. It had previously been assumed that people would be more inclined to fabricate the truth when using e-mail, due to the remoteness of the interaction making people more comfortable about deceiving others. On the contrary, it seems that anxiety over the accountability afforded by the recording of e-mail exchanges induces greater truthfulness. However, the research also noted that people are much more likely to be rude or insulting over e-mail, outweighing any benefits of increased honesty! An implication of the study is that if telephone conversations are recorded and people are aware of this fact, they are likely to be more truthful over the phone. T People are unconcerned about the repercussion of e-mail untruths. F It had been assumed that people would communicate more honestly when using e-mail than when using the telephone. F 2. There is often considerable scientific disagreement both about available reserves of natural resources and about the extent of environmental damage caused by particular pollutants. Even where the scientific evidence is incontrovertible. There may be political conflict, based on different vested interests, over the degree to which particular environmental controls should be accepted. Governments may, for example...
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...democratic revolution swept through the world in the 1980s and 1990s and the results have been quite impressive. Africa may be the only exception to this general principle even though there have been some progress as well in some countries. Unfortunately, Zimbabwe has not been part of the good news as far as the effort to enhance the capacity of local governance is concerned. It is ironic that over time, the resilient institutions of local governance that were inherited at independence have deteriorated over time-both in the cities or in the rural areas. It is even further ironic that though community organs were crucial during nationalist struggles in the countries in which political independence involved military engagement between occupying powers and nationalist forces, the story of local governance has been lack-luster in these countries in Africa (Mozambique, Uganda, Angola, Ethiopia) once the nationalist party emerged victorious. Local government, a statutory not a constitutional issue in many British influenced traditions have become de jure and de facto constitutional in many developing countries towards the end of the last century...
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...Practice: Disentangling Power Dynamics at Personal and Structural Levels Izumi Sakamoto and Ronald O. Pitner Izumi Sakamoto, Ph.D., is an assistant professor of social work at the University of Toronto, Canada. She received her MA in social welfare from Sophia University, Japan, and her MSW, MS (psychology) and Ph.D. (social work and social psychology) from the University of Michigan, USA. Her research interests include anti-oppressive social work, gender and immigration, cultural influences on the self and identities, and cultural negotiation processes of newcomers. Ronald O. Pitner, Ph.D., is an assistant professor of social work at Washington University in Saint Louis, USA. He received his MA in psychology from the University of Tennessee, USA, a MSW and Ph.D. (social work and social psychology) from the University of Michigan, USA. His research interests are broadly defined in terms of social cognition, stereotyping, prejudice, race and ethnicity, multicultural social work. Correspondence to Izumi Sakamoto, Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St West, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. E-mail: Izumi.Sakamoto@utoronto.ca Summary One of the limitations of anti-oppressive perspectives (AOPs) in social work is its lack of focus at a micro and individual level. AOPs should entail the social worker’s addressing the needs and assets of service users, challenging the oppressive social structure and, most importantly, critically challenging the power dynamics in the service-provider/...
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... accomplish meaningful work, and influence important decisions. Empowerment has been studied from different perspectives, including employee perceptions, leadership behaviors, and management programs. Despite positive rhetoric, programs designed to increase empowerment seldom achieve the benefits promised. Inconclusive and seemingly contradictory outcomes stem from the fact that few companies give employees significant control and access to management information. A half century of research suggests that empowerment strategies can offer real benefits. We outline facilitating conditions for effective empowerment, including characteristics of organizations, leaders, employees, and the work itself. Keywords: Empowerment, Leadership, Teams, Power Sharing Effective Empowerment in Organizations Psychological empowerment in organizations is the perception by members that they have the opportunity to help determine work roles, accomplish meaningful work, and influence important decisions. Over the past several decades an interest in empowerment can be seen in many subject areas within psychology and management, including motivation, leadership, group processes, decision making, and organizational design. Many studies have examined aspects of leadership behavior or management programs that can increase empowerment, and a much smaller number of studies have examined the effects of such determinants on the perceptions of employees and on outcomes such as unit performance. Since a program...
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...1. Communication technologies are far from equivalent. A recent study comparing honesty across a range of different media revealed that people were twice likely to tell lies when using the phone than when communicating via e-mail. It had previously been assumed that people would be more inclined to fabricate the truth when using e-mail, due to the remoteness of the interaction making people more comfortable about deceiving others. On the contrary, it seems that anxiety over the accountability afforded by the recording of e-mail exchanges induces greater truthfulness. However, the research also noted that people are much more likely to be rude or insulting over e-mail, outweighing any benefits of increased honesty! An implication of the study is that if telephone conversations are recorded and people are aware of this fact, they are likely to be more truthful over the phone. T People are unconcerned about the repercussion of e-mail untruths. F It had been assumed that people would communicate more honestly when using e-mail than when using the telephone. F 批注 [A1]: 责任,由于邮件可以加以 记录因而沟通者需要承担说谎的责 任 批注 [A2]: 反响 2. There is often considerable scientific disagreement both about available reserves of natural resources and about the extent of environmental damage caused by particular pollutants. Even where the scientific evidence is incontrovertible. There may be political conflict, based on different vested interests, over the degree to which particular environmental controls...
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...Coping Mechanisms: strategies and outcomes. Coping with Crisis and Overwhelming affect: Employing coping mechanisms in the acute inpatient context. Isabel Clarke Consultant Clinical Psychologist Address for Correspondence: Isabel Clarke, Consultant Clinical Psychologist, AMH Woodhaven, Loperwood, Calmore, Totton SO40 2TA Email: isabel.clarke@hantspt-sw.nhs.uk Website: www.isabelclarke.org Abstract When mental health breaks down, the human being grasps at ways of coping with the crisis. The goal of coping is escape from intolerable affect and the means are familiar as 'symptoms' of mental illness. For example, to shut down physically and cease to compete is depression (Gilbert 1992), and drugs and alcohol provide a straightforward way out. As psychological therapists, our task is to devise, evaluate and, most importantly, persuade the client to adopt alternative, healthier, ways of coping; ways that offer less immediate relief, but which do not trap the person in a diminished quality of life. By explaining breakdown in terms of coping with intolerable affect, this approach, developed and evaluated in an acute hospital setting (Durrant, Clarke & Wilson 2007), enables us to offer more adapted skills for coping with affect as the solution. This 'third wave Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)' approach (Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999) takes seriously the discontinuities in human information processing (Teasdale & Barnard 1993) and employs mindfulness...
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...Anthropology Lecture 1 introduction Common Misconceptions with Drugs . The effect of a drug is caused solely by its pharmacological properties and effects. . Some drugs are instantly addictive . The gateway/ stepping stone theory - the use of 1 drug leads to the use of other more dangerous drugs What are drugs ? Krivanek's definition : Drugs are substances that are introduced into the body knowingly but not as food. Therefore illicit drugs, legal recreational drugs and legal but regulated pharmaceutical drugs that aren't recreational at all. - Whether if a drug is considered bad and is prohibited depends on the culture of the society in a particular period. What is culture ? The definition of culture = Through Roger keesing and Andrew Strathern's definition it is a system of shared ideas, rules and meanings that underlie and are expressed in the ways that human live. - This includes : law, beliefs, political economy, media and popular culture - this perceives ideas about what is normal and abnormal to society. " Culture is always changing and contested, not unified" Enthography as a method for studying drug use It is a process of observing, recoding and describing other peoples way of life through intimate participation the community being studied". - Participation observation, involving yourself in the life of the community , taking up the life of the other person, observing their actions, asking questions and learning what questions...
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