...Karen Raybould March 21, 2013 SOCI 1310 Book Review The book Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee, an Indian History of the American West written by Dee Brown is a unique look at the “civilization” of the West through the eyes of the Native American populace rather than through the point of view of American settlers. It is intended to open the eyes of the reader, presumably a white American, to what truly happened during the conquering of the American West and dispel the romanticized version of western settlement popular in mainstream media and history. In the author’s own words “Americans who have always looked westward when reading about this period should read this book facing eastward.” (Brown, XXIV). Through his retelling of history, Brown discusses the effects of stereotypes, the influence of European habits of colonization, and the evolution of American policies regarding the native people. This book was written as a revisionist history of the American West from the point of view of the loser instead of the typical history which is written from the winner’s perspective. In that regard it was highly successful as even Native American authors wished they had written the book. “’Every Indian will wish he had written it,’ said Vine Deloria, author of Custer Died for Your Sins. ‘I wish I had.’” (Brown XVIII). In this work the author presents the history of the Native Americans from their own words and records. He has painstakingly combed through military negotiation...
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...Throughout the period of 1865-1890, the Native American tribes west of the Mississippi River were mistreated by the United States’ government. This period in history has become marked by incidents of brutality. The brutal accounts reflect the winning attitudes of the Americans and their desire to control the Native Americans. One such incident turned into the Sand Creek Massacre of 1864, in which Colorado defense force, consisting of U.S. citizens, attacked and killed over one hundred fifty Cheyenne and Arapaho human beings, which were usually girls and children, despite the tribe's leader flying a U.S. flag as a signal of peace. Another shining event was the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876, where General George Custer and his forces were...
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...Manuelito initially accepted American entry into Indian land, though enacted a policy of retaliation once agreements were violated. Atrocities were committed throughout the war, including a massacre of the Navajo at Fort Wingate, New Mexico in September 1861. Little Crow, chief of the Santee Sioux in Minnesota, also began with attempts to adopt an assimilated American lifestyle, paying a visit to President Buchanan to establish peaceful relations. In the summer of 1862, Little Crow grew frustrated sparking Little...
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... 2 “Go West Young Man” (Greeley, H. 1865) and West is where we went. Which marked the beginning of the end of the American Indians way of life. A life that was once peaceful and prosperous for the Sioux Indians was about to change drastically. Throughout history, the Sioux Indians, had to fight physical and emotional battles, in trying to retain their land and dignity. Following a time line, the American Indians were treated unjustly, as I will show starting with the Bozeman Trail and continuing on with The Great Sioux Reservation, Custer’s expedition, Battle of the Little Big Horn, Ghost Dancers, Wounded Knee, Citizenship Act of 1924, The Indian Reorganization Act, and The American Movement(AIM). The terrains were rough, being brutal and forcibly tough, especially for the new settlers who came west, when there was talk of gold. John Jacobs and his partner John M. Bozeman established in 1863 a trail that went through Wyoming and Montana that connected the Oregon Trail. The Bozeman trail was much shorter and more direct, even though, it was a much better wagon road, however it had its flaws. It just happened to pass through the Lakota and Cheyenne’s hunting grounds. The Indians had warned the first wagon train against crossing. While some did...
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...for cultivation 5. Little Crow- 6. Indian Peace Commission- The Indian Peace Commission proposed creating two large reservations on the Plains, one for the Sioux and another for southern Plains Indians. 7. George Armstrong Custer- commander of the Seventh Cavalry and was defeated and killed at battle of Little Bighorn 8. Ghost Dance- a ritual that celebrated a hope for day of reckoning when settlers would disappear, the buffalo would return, and Native Americans would reunite with their deceased ancestors. 9. Dawes Act- this act allowed to each head of household 160 acres of reservation land for farming; single adults received 80 acres, and 40 were allotted for children. 10. How did Native Americans respond to land lost due to white settlement of the Great Plains? They attacked them. 11. How did Chief Joseph resist the government's attempts to move the Nez Perce to reservations? They fled their homes and embarked on a flight of more than 1,300 miles. In October 1877, Chief Joseph surrendered, and his followers’ were exiled to Oklahoma 12. Why do you think the government's policy of assimilation of Native Americans was a failure? 13. List the reasons that the government's plans to move the Plains Indians onto reservations failed. 14. Assume the role of a Plains Indian affected by the assimilation policy of the Dawes Act. Write a Journal entry describing how you feel about the policy and how it has affected your life. 15. In what...
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...New Left • The Movement • Hippies • Beliefs: anti-war, rights for everyone, university reforms • Often young radicals • Was not the majority of Americans • Loosely organized Student for a Democratic Society • was one of the most active anti-war groups. • They were also against racial discrimination and strict college rules. • Rich mans war but a poor mans fight Free Speech Movement • Berkeley students disputed over rights of students • students challenged campus police and striked in large mass • nearly decade of campus turmoil • moved along to Columbia and other colleges Weathermen • 1969 • small groups of militants that cultivated popular imgae of student radicalism= cahos + disorder • responsible for arson, bombing= destroy campus buildings + lives • tried to drive out training programs + bar military recruiters from college campuses Antiwar rallies • in protest of Vietnam war, many individuals gathered to advocate against the political minds and US presence in Vietnam • 1960s (late '60s) • organized some of the largest political demonstrations in American history Anti-draft movement • Protests against the military draft. • 1960s and 70s • only voluntary participation. Many left the country Counterculture • culture with values and beliefs different then the mainstream • 1970s Woodstock • A music festival held in New York in 1969 • the beatles, jimmy hendrix Termination • Reducing size of bureaucracy by cutting programs/agencies - reduce budget ...
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...------------------------------------------------- Industrialization After the Civil War August 1, 2014 bRANDON wILLIAMS Professor Simmons August 1, 2014 bRANDON wILLIAMS Professor Simmons Industrialization after the Civil War The Industrial Revolution was a time for economic, and technological growth and development. Although this period had both negative and positive effects on society, economy and politics, it played an essential role in shaping the way that the world is today. The growth of entrepreneurship and the introduction of inventions such as incandescent light bulb, made way for a time of tremendous growth in the United States. The rise of entrepreneurship also made acts such as child labor and the mistreatment of immigrants an acceptable practice. These practices although negative, also played a part in shaping of the nation. Entrepreneurship, Technology and Immigration are three aspects that played a major role in the industrial revolution. Entrepreneurship was important to this time period due to the massive growth and expansion in the central industries. The central industries include railroads, steel and petroleum; the growth of these industries made is easier to access the rest of the nation. The federal government helped with the expansion of the railroad network by supporting the expansion of railroad development between 1860 and 1915. During this time the railroad network development expanded from merely 30,000 miles of track to over 250,000...
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...------------------------------------------------- Industrialization After the Civil War Industrialization after the Civil War The Industrial Revolution was a time for economic, and technological growth and development. Although this period had both negative and positive effects on society, economy and politics, it played an essential role in shaping the way that the world is today. The growth of entrepreneurship and the introduction of inventions such as incandescent light bulb, made way for a time of tremendous growth in the United States. The rise of entrepreneurship also made acts such as child labor and the mistreatment of immigrants an acceptable practice. These practices although negative, also played a part in shaping of the nation. Entrepreneurship, Technology and Immigration are three aspects that played a major role in the industrial revolution. Entrepreneurship was important to this time period due to the massive growth and expansion in the central industries. The central industries include railroads, steel and petroleum; the growth of these industries made is easier to access the rest of the nation. The federal government helped with the expansion of the railroad network by supporting the expansion of railroad development between 1860 and 1915. During this time the railroad network development expanded from merely 30,000 miles of track to over 250,000 miles. Entrepreneur Leland Stanford was one of the businessmen that made the expansion of the railroad system...
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...The Dawes Act wanted to dismantle the reservation policy put in place and grant lots of land to the head of each Native American household. The Dawes Act was unsuccessful as the Native Americans were given poor farming and grazing land, and would have lost all rights to gold and silver deposit. Another devastating blow to the Plains Indians was the massacre of the buffalos, which once freely roamed the Great Plains. Without the buffalo, many clans faced severe handicaps in their daily life. In the 1880s the trials of the Sioux clans continued to grow. Many of the Sioux attempted a ritual called the Ghost Dance to bring back the buffalo and replenish their lands. The ritual was unsuccessful and many of the Sioux began moving to allotted reservations. In 1890, miscommunication between the U.S. Army and the Sioux would result the Battle of Wounded Knee. Over 300 Sioux, many unarmed, and 25 American soldiers were...
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...and Kansas State University, were set up to teach certain branches of learning that include mechanical arts and agriculture. 2. Two examples of where the federal government violated treaties as a result of continued settlement into the west and give the results of these conflicts During the nineteenth century the Native Americans were deprived much of their land and were forcefully removed from the west. The white authority failed to honor the treaties they had signed and made the natives vacate their own land. This resulted to relocation of a mass of people from the west. After the war the white authorities started treating the natives in a hostile manner. They claimed ownership of the Indian lands in the west by the terms of 1783 peace treaty. This resulted to relocation of the India from the west. 3. (a)Explain the use of the Dawes Severalty Act in trying to force natives to assimilate to the American culture. What were the unintended consequences? The Dawes Severalty Act provided for elimination of tribal ownership of land and gave out land to individual owners. The head of the family received 160 acres of land. A single adult and a dependent child received 80 and 40 acres respectively. Assimilation of Indians happened through taking Indian children to schools run by whites where they were educated to abandon traditional ways. Creation of Christina churches and spread of Christianity also helped assimilate the...
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...and Kansas State University, were set up to teach certain branches of learning that include mechanical arts and agriculture. 2. Two examples of where the federal government violated treaties as a result of continued settlement into the west and give the results of these conflicts During the nineteenth century the Native Americans were deprived much of their land and were forcefully removed from the west. The white authority failed to honor the treaties they had signed and made the natives vacate their own land. This resulted to relocation of a mass of people from the west. After the war the white authorities started treating the natives in a hostile manner. They claimed ownership of the Indian lands in the west by the terms of 1783 peace treaty. This resulted to relocation of the India from the west. 3. (a)Explain the use of the Dawes Severalty Act in trying to force natives to assimilate to the American culture. What were the unintended consequences? The Dawes Severalty Act provided for elimination of tribal ownership of land and gave out land to individual owners. The head of the family received 160 acres of land. A single adult and a dependent child received 80 and 40 acres respectively. Assimilation of Indians happened through taking Indian children to schools run by whites where they were educated to abandon traditional ways. Creation of Christina churches and spread of Christianity also helped assimilate the...
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...The (un)Official United States History Cram Packet This is not intended as a substitute for regular study ……. But it is a powerful tool for review. 1494: Treaty of Tordesillas – divides world between Portugal and Spain 1497: John Cabot lands in North America. 1513: Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain. 1524: Verrazano explores North American Coast. 1539-1542: Hernando de Soto explores the Mississippi River Valley. 1540-1542: Coronado explores what will be the Southwestern United States. 1565: Spanish found the city of St. Augustine in Florida. 1579: Sir Francis Drake explores the coast of California. 1584 – 1587: Roanoke – the lost colony 1607: British establish Jamestown Colony – bad land, malaria, rich men, no gold - Headright System – land for population – people spread out 1608: French establish colony at Quebec. 1609: United Provinces establish claims in North America. 1614: Tobacco cultivation introduced in Virginia. – by Rolfe 1619: First African slaves brought to British America. 15. Virginia begins representative assembly – House of Burgesses 1620: Plymouth Colony is founded. - Mayflower Compact signed – agreed rule by majority • 1624 – New York founded by Dutch 1629: Mass. Bay founded – “City Upon a Hill” - Gov. Winthrop - Bi-cameral legislature, schools 1630: The Puritan Migration 1632: Maryland – for profit – proprietorship 1634 – Roger Williams banished from Mass. Bay Colony 1635:...
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...Western Expansion: Topics • The Native Americans • Settlement of the West • The Bonanza West • Conclusion: The Meaning of the West The Native Americans: • Life of the Plains Indians • Indian Policy • Finial Battles on the Plains • The end of tribal life • “saving” The Indians • Hellan Hunt Jackson • NA Contributions 1877 is the beginning of “modern” American history. Hayes was president and some feel he is a fraud Most people live on Eastern Seaboard. Many overcrowding. Manufacturing and limited land space. People want to live west but the Indians were there…. In 1867 Horace Greeley urged people in NYC to move west “if you move west you will crowd nobody and not starve” because nobody was there but there were over QMil Natives living in the West. The gold rush started and disturbed the native western population. 1: Life on the plains for NA. 2/3 of them lived on the great plains. It’s one of the most hazardous at the time. They knew how to survive. The plains Indians depended buffalo. They can kill and take only what they need and use the entire kill. The Whites left the carcass. It was used by them for clothes, tools, food, shelter, ect. Before the horse the NA would hunt them by running them over a cliff or scaring them into a trap. The Spanish introduces the horse to them. They discovered that it was a great work and hunting animal. They were migratory and would travel with the food source. Some tribes would be sever thousand people...
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...Sudan and South Sudan’s Merging Conflicts Africa Report N°223 | 29 January 2015 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 brussels@crisisgroup.org Table of Contents Executive Summary................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. II. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... South Kordofan – the Epicentre of Sudan’s Conflicts ..................................................... A. The Government’s “Hot Dry Season” Campaign ....................................................... B. The Sudan Revolutionary Front ................................................................................ III. Internal Nuer Conflict in Unity State ............................................................................... A. Historic Disunity ........................................................................................................ B. Bul Nuer Rising .......................................................................................................... 1 2 2 4 7 7 8 IV. Merging Conflicts in Sudan and South Sudan ......................................................
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...At liftoff, Matt Eversmann said a Hail Mary. He was curled into a seat between two helicopter crew chiefs, the knees of his long legs up to his shoulders. Before him, jammed on both sides of the Black Hawk helicopter, was his "chalk," twelve young men in flak vests over tan desert camouflage fatigues. He knew their faces so well they were like brothers. The older guys on this crew, like Eversmann, a staff sergeant with five years in at age twenty-six, had lived and trained together for years. Some had come up together through basic training, jump school, and Ranger school. They had traveled the world, to Korea, Thailand, Central America... they knew each other better than most brothers did. They'd been drunk together, gotten into fights, slept on forest floors, jumped out of airplanes, climbed mountains, shot down foaming rivers with their hearts in their throats, baked and frozen and starved together, passed countless bored hours, teased one another endlessly about girlfriends or lack of same, driven in the middle of the night from Fort Benning to retrieve each other from some diner or strip club on Victory Drive after getting drunk and falling asleep or pissing off some barkeep. Through all those things, they had been training for a moment like this. It was the first time the lanky sergeant had been put in charge, and he was nervous about it. Pray for us sinners, now, and at the hour of our death, Amen. It was midafternoon, October 3, 1993. Eversmann's Chalk Four...
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