...scientific method of gathering and examining information about the past. The word forensic comes from the Latin forēnsis, meaning "of or before the forum. The word forensic basically means the key to solve a crime.This is the technology used to help forensic teams to analyze and solve crimes.- This is especially important in law enforcement where forensics is done in relation to criminal or civil law,[1] but forensics are also carried out in other fields, such as astronomy, archaeology, biology and geology to investigate ancient times. Forensic Science is used to Identify Criminals Rape, murder, theft, and other crimes almost always leave a devastating mark on the victim. . In modern forensic science, the crime laboratories include photography section, Evidence storage section, identification section, chemistry section, General examination section, Fire arms section, instrument section and crime scene search section. 2)Origins of forensic science: In 16th-century Europe, medical practitioners in army and university settings began to gather information on the cause and manner of death. Ambroise Paré, a French army surgeon, systematically studied the effects of violent death on internal organs.[9][10] Two Italian surgeons, Fortunato Fidelis and Paolo Zacchia, laid the foundation of modern pathology by studying changes that occurred in the structure of the body as the result of disease.[11]. In Warwick in 1816, a farm labourer was tried and convicted...
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...Abandoning Innovation in Emerging Industries* Rajshree Agarwal College of Business University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 350 Wohlers Hall, 1206 S. Sixth Street Champaign, IL 61822 Voice: (217) 265-5513 agarwalr@uiuc.edu Barry L. Bayus Kenan-Flagler Business School University of North Carolina CB 3490 Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Voice: (919) 962-3210 Barry_Bayus@UNC.edu Mary Tripsas Harvard Business School Soldiers Field Road Boston, MA 02163 Voice: (617) 495-8407 mtripsas@hbs.edu Preliminary Draft September, 2005 All authors contributed equally and are listed in alphabetical order. The paper has benefited from comments made by seminar participants at the Harvard Business School. All remaining errors are ours. * Abandoning Innovation in Emerging Industries Abstract Existing models of industry evolution describe a smooth pattern of emergence over time in which the number of firms in an industry increases, hits a peak, decreases as a result of a shakeout, and then stabilizes as the industry reaches maturity. Although this model has been well-accepted and the basic empirical finding holds true across a range of industries, we propose that the finding is not as robust as is generally assumed. We introduce an alternative pattern of evolution in which, during the emergent stage, an industry experiences a sharp decrease in the number of firms – a “mini shakeout” – before increasing again, reaching a final peak and undergoing a major shakeout as described in the extant literature...
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...ASSESSMENT 1: TUTORIAL REPORT 1 DOES ADVERTISING MIRROR OR SHAPE SOCIETY? Table of Contents Table of Contents.................................................................................................................................................... 1 Executive summary ................................................................................................................................................ 2 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 The evolution of advertising and it’s roles in business and society ........................................................................ 3 Analysis of the agency structure and its key players .............................................................................................. 4 The process of developing an effective advertising campaign ............................................................................... 5 Summary of Findings .............................................................................................................................................. 6 References .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Executive summary The argument of whether advertising mirrors or shapes society has been going on for a long time. According...
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...Johns Hopkins University Keywords: media, media studies, media theory, history of media, new media, comparative literature Contents U SA NE M SC PL O E – C EO H AP LS TE S R S 1. Introduction 2. Current Media Theory and Media Studies 2.1. Origins of Discipline 2.2. New Media Theory 3. Historical Examples 3.1. Oral Transmission 3.2. Pictography 3.3. The Andean Khipu 3.4. Manuscript 3.5. Print 3.6. Theater 3.7. Photography 3.8. Moving Image 3.9. Radio and Television 3.10. The Digital 4. Conclusion Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary The growing consensus among literary scholars is that the meaning of literature cannot be properly studied or understood outside of the specific medium of its transmission and archival. This realization can be considered a revolution in literary studies, and its fundamental ramification is the confluence of literary studies and theory with media studies and theory. The fields of media studies and media theory are dedicated to the analysis and understanding of the myriad media through which information is communicated. Under the influence of these fields, the media through which literature is communicated is no longer considered secondary to the literary content or form, but deserving attention in its own right. Moreover, literary content and form can and often are deeply influenced by the media of their transmission, as well as by the particular forms of media prevalent...
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...process art, video art, digital and experimental forms *diverse and eclectic. No single medium or ideology dominates *Medium categories are broadening, boundaries are getting blurred and redefined. *referencing and sampling from contemporary popular/consumer culture. * Art becomes interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary (artist as scientists, cultural anthropologists, journalists, reports, etc.) continuation *Technologies -> new way of producing and conceptualizing art (digital culture, Internet, virtual reality) *New media potentials: video, robotics, transgenic art, etc. * new technologies create new paradigms *up until the late 1800s, what was the way to send a picture? <- painting. *what changed that? <- photography Art world goes global ( global production, reproduction, art market: global economy, dissemination) - Paris and NY ** *”About-ness” artist as social and cultural observer, critic *Artwork functions as a “window through which to view and deepen our understanding of the world.” *audience has much more of a role Modern art- 1930s. refers to specific time period ( (ex. Picasso: Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon, 1907. Marcel Duchamp: Nude descending a staircase, 1912. Matisse: Music, 1910. David Smith: Cubi XVIII, Cubi XVII, Cubi XIX ; Tank Totem. ) ß Talking about art (step by step...
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...Monitoring sustainability with a monitoring system that is itself sustainable: addressing the cause and the symptoms IAN WATSON,1 AND PAUL NOVELLY, 2 1 Department of Agriculture and Centre for Management of Arid Environments PO Box 483 Northam, Western Australia, 6401 Ph 08 9690 2000 Fax 08 9622 1902 iwatson@agric.wa.gov.au 2 Department of Agriculture and Tropical Savannas CRC Kununurra, Western Australia ABSTRACT Throughout the 1970s and 1980s much effort was expended on a range monitoring program in Western Australia. Unfortunately, much of the system put in place is now inactive. Such a situation is not unique and the rangelands of the world are littered with monitoring sites that are no longer part of an operating system. A need has emerged for a biodiversity monitoring system in the rangelands and the discussion is currently at the point where the range management discipline was in the early 1970s. Efficiencies can be made when developing the biodiversity monitoring system by learning from the experience of the range management profession. Monitoring sustainability will only be possible if the monitoring system is itself sustainable. We suggest a number of attributes for the system that need to be in place before the system can be judged at all sustainable. These attributes are a mix of biophysical, social and institutional and highlight the view that monitoring systems of the type being suggested constitute an unusual mixture of attributes not found in...
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...Packaging and purchase decisions An exploratory study on the impact of involvement level and time pressure [pic] Pinya Silayoi, Mark Speece |The Authors | Pinya Silayoi, Department of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Mark Speece, School of Management, Asian Institute of Technology and Graduate School, Bangkok University, Bangkok, Thailand |Abstract | The importance of packaging design as a vehicle for communication and branding is growing in competitive markets for packaged food products. This research utilized a focus group methodology to understand consumer behavior toward such products and how packaging elements can affect buying decisions. Visual package elements play a major role, representing the product for many consumers, especially in low involvement, and when they are rushed. Most focus group participants say they use label information, but they would like it if simplified. The challenge for researchers is to integrate packaging into an effective purchasing decision model, by understanding packaging elements as important marketing communications tools. Propositions for future research are proposed which will help in developing better understanding of...
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...ini Packaging and purchase decisions An exploratory study on the impact of involvement level and time pressure [pic] Pinya Silayoi, Mark Speece |The Authors | Pinya Silayoi, Department of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Mark Speece, School of Management, Asian Institute of Technology and Graduate School, Bangkok University, Bangkok, Thailand |Abstract | The importance of packaging design as a vehicle for communication and branding is growing in competitive markets for packaged food products. This research utilized a focus group methodology to understand consumer behavior toward such products and how packaging elements can affect buying decisions. Visual package elements play a major role, representing the product for many consumers, especially in low involvement, and when they are rushed. Most focus group participants say they use label information, but they would like it if simplified. The challenge for researchers is to integrate packaging into an effective purchasing decision model, by understanding packaging elements as important marketing communications tools. Propositions for future research are proposed which will help in developing better understanding...
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...The Digital Footprint Analysis of FamilyFun Magazine: Examining the Importance of Social Media for Magazines Capstone research prepared for: NYU M.S. in Public Relations and Corporate Communication by Priyanka Mulimani, New York University Kerry Lee O‘Grady (Advisor) September 2013 Priyanka Mulimani Page 1 Abstract This paper researches the evolution of the magazine industry, its transitional phases and its adaptation to new technologies. The study examines the role of the Internet and social media for the magazine industry and the resulting impact on readership. It involves research and analysis of different social media elements and ways in which print magazines embrace them. The overall objective of this project is to examine the digital footprint of FamilyFun magazine and successfully devise a measurable social media strategy (with tactics) for it. The research highlights different ways present-day magazines use social media channels. The results of FamilyFun magazine‘s social media audit are tabulated in the presentation that follows. The presentation also includes the competitive analysis of FamilyFun magazine, which forms the basis for developing strategies and tactics for it. Additionally, the social media analysis of FamilyFun magazine provides an in-depth understanding of social media presence of parenthood magazines. Finally, based on the overall research and analysis, a list of best practices for effectively using different social media channels...
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...JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL ISSUES Vol. XXII Number 4 Winter 2010: 456-475 Incumbents Adaptation to Competence-Destroying Change: Role of Prior Experience and Knowledge Sourcing Mujtaba Ahsan Assistant Professor of Management Pittsburg State University Assistant Professor of Management State University of New York at Oneonta Mine Ozer Assistant Professor of Management California State University, East Bay For the past several decades, the topic of new technological developments has been of interest to strategy scholars (Ansoff and Stewart, 1967; Cooper and Schendel, 1976; Rosenbloom and Cusamano, 1987; Rothaermel, 2001a, 2001b; Tushman and Anderson, 1986). Scholars have repeatedly focused on this topic as innovation and new product development are critical for a firm’s survival and growth (Penrose, 1995) and have stated that one of the core competencies needed to develop new technologies is the ability to assimilate and recombine knowledge in unique combinations (Rosenkopf and Nerkar, 2001). Simply put, successful innovation and new product development require the ability to create and use new knowledge to offer novel products or services to customers. Research indicates that firms who possess prior experience are in a better position to innovate (Carroll et al., 1996; Henderson and Cockburn, 1994; Klepper and Simons 2000; Nerkar and Roberts, 2004). Prior studies have also highlighted the importance of knowledge and experience in enabling firms to successfully adapt...
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...Strategy Formulation Rex C. Mitchell, Ph.D. INTRODUCTION It is useful to consider strategy formulation as part of a strategic management process that comprises three phases: diagnosis, formulation, and implementation. Strategic management is an ongoing process to develop and revise future-oriented strategies that allow an organization to achieve its objectives, considering its capabilities, constraints, and the environment in which it operates. Diagnosis includes: (a) performing a situation analysis (analysis of the internal environment of the organization), including identification and evaluation of current mission, strategic objectives, strategies, and results, plus major strengths and weaknesses; (b) analyzing the organization's external environment, including major opportunities and threats; and (c) identifying the major critical issues, which are a small set, typically two to five, of major problems, threats, weaknesses, and/or opportunities that require particularly high priority attention by management. Formulation, the second phase in the strategic management process, produces a clear set of recommendations, with supporting justification, that revise as necessary the mission and objectives of the organization, and supply the strategies for accomplishing them. In formulation, we are trying to modify the current objectives and strategies in ways to make the organization more successful. This includes trying to create "sustainable" competitive advantages...
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...Strategy Formulation Rex C. Mitchell, Ph.D. INTRODUCTION It is useful to consider strategy formulation as part of a strategic management process that comprises three phases: diagnosis, formulation, and implementation. Strategic management is an ongoing process to develop and revise future-oriented strategies that allow an organization to achieve its objectives, considering its capabilities, constraints, and the environment in which it operates. Diagnosis includes: (a) performing a situation analysis (analysis of the internal environment of the organization), including identification and evaluation of current mission, strategic objectives, strategies, and results, plus major strengths and weaknesses; (b) analyzing the organization's external environment, including major opportunities and threats; and (c) identifying the major critical issues, which are a small set, typically two to five, of major problems, threats, weaknesses, and/or opportunities that require particularly high priority attention by management. Formulation, the second phase in the strategic management process, produces a clear set of recommendations, with supporting justification, that revise as necessary the mission and objectives of the organization, and supply the strategies for accomplishing them. In formulation, we are trying to modify the current objectives and strategies in ways to make the organization more successful. This includes trying to create "sustainable" competitive advantages...
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...Business Plans Handbook Business Plans A COMPILATION OF BUSINESS PLANS DEVELOPED BY INDIVIDUALS NORTH THROUGHOUT AMERICA Handbook VOLUME 16 Lynn M. Pearce, Project Editor Business Plans Handbook, Volume 16 Project Editor: Lynn M. Pearce Product Manager: Jenai Drouillard Product Design: Jennifer Wahi Composition and Electronic Prepress: Evi Seoud Manufacturing: Rita Wimberley Editorial: Erin Braun ª 2010 Gale, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Gale Customer Support, 1-800-877-4253. For permission to use material...
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...10 Qualitative Research Methods in Psychology Deborah Biggerstaff Warwick Medical School University of Warwick, Coventry UK 1. Introduction In the scientific community, and particularly in psychology and health, there has been an active and ongoing debate on the relative merits of adopting either quantitative or qualitative methods, especially when researching into human behaviour (Bowling, 2009; Oakley, 2000; Smith, 1995a, 1995b; Smith, 1998). In part, this debate formed a component of the development in the 1970s of our thinking about science. Andrew Pickering has described this movement as the “sociology of scientific knowledge” (SSK), where our scientific understanding, developing scientific ‘products’ and ‘know-how’, became identified as forming components in a wider engagement with society’s environmental and social context (Pickering, 1992, pp. 1). Since that time, the debate has continued so that today there is an increasing acceptance of the use of qualitative methods in the social sciences (Denzin & Lincoln, 2000; Morse, 1994; Punch, 2011; Robson, 2011) and health sciences (Bowling, 2009; Greenhalgh & Hurwitz, 1998; Murphy & Dingwall, 1998). The utility of qualitative methods has also been recognised in psychology. As Nollaig Frost (2011) observes, authors such as Carla Willig and Wendy Stainton Rogers consider qualitative psychology is much more accepted today and that it has moved from “the margins to the mainstream in psychology in the UK.” (Willig & Stainton...
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...Course code: F-209 Course title: Auditing and taxation Submitted to Mohammad Salahuddin Chowdhury Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Submitted by Kazi Umme Sumaiya | 16-022 | Arjumand Naznin | 16-120 | Shahriar Azad | 16-142 | Tasrifa Sultana | 16-154 | Mst. Shamsunnahar | 16-176 | Date of submission: 12/11/2011 Acknowledgement The group expresses their gratitude to our honorable course teacher, Mohammad Salahuddin Chowdhury, Lecturer, Department of Finance, University of Dhaka, who has assigned us a fictional case about a corporate scandal. We choose to work with Xerox scandal that took place in 2002. We use our knowledge of audit while working in this report. Also we learn about the ways of accounting manipulations that took place in the real world. Letter of transmittal 12th Nov, 2011 Mohammad Salahuddin Chowdhury Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Dear Sir Here is a report on the “Corporate scandal of Xerox Corporation”. In this report we have presented the whole history of the scandal, identified the cause of the mishap and showed the result of the scandal. At University of Dhaka, we appreciate having this assignment. If you need any assistance in interpreting this report or if you have any query, please contact with us on the given mail address starz@yahoo.com Sincerely yours, Shahriar Azad Shashi On behalf of the group 2nd Year 2nd Semester B.B.A 16th Batch Department of Finance. Executive...
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