...The beginning of Cuban missile crisis-a conflict between two huge atomic nations, the U.S and the U.S.S.R. was a formal presentation made by the CIA to President Kennedy. Experts pointed to the missile base being constructed near San Cristobel, Cuba. No one expected that the Russians would build a base in Cuba for Ballistic Missiles after confirming that the Russians would sign an atmospheric test-ban treaty. This may have been justified by the fact that U.S had a similar base in Turkey near the border with the Soviet Union. However, the biggest puzzle was that Khrushchev assured that there were no military installations in Cuba and that the relationship between the two superpowers would not conflict. The best decision about Kennedy was when he warned that U.S would not tolerate any kind of interference in Latin America by the Soviet Union. More importantly, the president called the Executive Committee of the National Security Council (EXCOMM), a group which met continuously for next twelve days and almost daily for some six weeks thereafter and wanted an air strike on the missile sites. “The President…knew he would have to act.” Kennedy instructed the members to come forward with recommendations for one course or possibly several alternative course of action and various alternatives like quarantine, blockade, and air strike against the missile bases alone were suggested. While the argument went on about the possible sanction the missiles were already in Cuba and they realized...
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...and South Korea. Liberalism also proves that no state is self-sufficient so they form allies, however does not show who has the most power through allies. The nature of the international system in terms of Liberalism is anarchic and consists of sovereign autonomous states. The interactions are governed by international norms and rules. This explains Liberalism because the system was anarchic and it did consist of sovereign autonomous states. Liberalism fits the Cold War almost perfectly in terms of the nature of the international system. In terms of core concepts, Liberalism's reciprocity principle is well present in the events of the Cold War, particularly in negative reciprocity back and forth between the US and USSR during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Democratic Peace Theory is also present in the development of allies siding towards democracy or communism. While Liberalism emphasizes collective security, or the theory that states will for an alliance to oppose aggression by any actor, this is not empirically seen throughout the Cold War. With both the US and USSR as members of the United Nations Security Council, the UN was highly ineffective at resolving issues during the Cold War. Being that both the US and USSR were among the five great powers, neither state would be labeled as an aggressor—because they would not categorize themselves as aggressors—and the UN was at a limitation standstill. However, collective security is seen by the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact...
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...I am working on four or five major themes, but have found amazing connections between them. Four areas of immediate concern, in reverse order, are Osama Bin Laden, the Israeli Mossad, the CIA, the Holocaust. A fifth is the racism in the US judicial system, going back to the Civil war and to the foundation of the US. As a backdrop to all of this is work I have done using Joseph Campbell's series on Mythology with Bill Moyers, specifically, the Isis/Horus/Osiris myth predating the Mary/Jesus/God myth. Intertwined with this is Nietzsche's Anti-Christ, a work which I wish you had taught when you had the chance at WVSC. Many books have led me to many conclusions that you may or may not be aware of. The one you wanted the title of the last time we talked seriously is: Was the CIA involved in the JFK assassination? by Mark Lane. It has the info about how the CIA tried to kill Fidel Castro that you referred to once in class, except it was his wife, not a 16 year old, that was going to poison him. The CIA had told her he was cheating on her. Mark Lane is an attorney who managed Kennedy's New York campaign in 1960 when he was running for President. He is still alive in Virginia, in Charlottesville. You can find his address with 411locate.com. Amazingly, it turns out that the US hired 1000s of SS/Gestapo after the World War to spy in the USSR. Allen Dulles was responsible and the Vatican helped smuggle these Nazis into the US, saying that they were...
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...overwhelming, sometimes deadening. Select some facts/numbers/details about topics or events that reflect the wreck of the time you have inhabited this earth, and with your own purpose, craft a shorter imitation of Dillard's piece in which your attention to particulars brings some larger theme into focus. Due Nov. 8 The Wreck of Time My wrecks in time are all the wars I’ve experience over the years starting with 1961Bay of Pigs and Cuba over nuke missiles being sent to be installed in Cuba. With the cold war scare of a war with Russia and Cuba. Vietnam 1960-1975,Then to not so known Cambodian Laos wars with Pol Pot ( Khmer Rouge) Pol Pot 19 May 1925 – 15 April 1998)[1][2] was a Cambodian revolutionary who led the Khmer Rouge[3] from 1963 until 1997. Here is a look from 2004 about the pros and cons of war against Iraq from information available at that time. It is included here for historical purposes. The possibility of war with Iraq is a very divisive issue around the world. Turn on any news show and you will see a daily debate on the pros and cons of going to war. The following is a list of the reasons being discussed both for and against war. This is not intended as an endorsement for or against the war, but is meant as a quick reference. Please use the poll to express your opinion on the possible war. | Reasons For War 1. The United States and the world has a duty to disarm a rogue nation like Iraq. 2. Saddam Hussein is a tyrant that has demonstrated a complete disregard...
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...The Edexcel International GCSE in History Schemes of work We are happy to provide these new enhanced schemes of work for you to amend and adapt to suit your teaching purposes. We hope you find them useful. Practical support to help you deliver this specification Schemes of work These schemes of work have been produced to help you implement this Edexcel specification. They are offered as examples of possible models that you should feel free to adapt to meet your needs and are not intended to be in any way prescriptive. It is in editable word format to make adaptation as easy as possible. These schemes of work give guidance for: * Content to be covered * Approximate time to spend on different key themes * Ideas for incorporating and developing the assessment skills related to each unit. Suggested teaching time This is based on a two year teaching course of five and a half terms with one and a half hours of history teaching each week. This would be a seventy week course with total teaching time of approximately 100 hours. The schemes suggest the following timescale for the different sections: * Paper 1: 20 hours for each of the two topics: Total 40 hours. * Paper 2 Section A: 20 hours for the topic: Total 20 hours. * Paper 2 Section B: 25 hours for the topic since it covers a longer period in time. Total 25 hours. * Revision: 15 hours. Possible options for those with less teaching time * 20 hours for Section Paper 2 Section B ...
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...CoNTE j\:\PORA.R'f Contents Foreword Preface iii v Chapter 1 The Cold War Era 1 Chapter 2 The End of Bipolarity 17 Chapter 3 US Hegemony in World Politics 31 Chapter 4 Alternative Centres of Power 51 Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia 65 Chapter 6 International Organisations 81 Chapter 7 Security in the Contemporary World 99 Chapter 8 Environment and Natural Resources 117 Chapter 9 Globalisation 135 Chapter 1 The Cold War Era OVERVIEW This chapter provides a backdrop to the entire book. The end of the Cold War is usually seen as the beginning of the contemporary era in world politics which is the subject matter of this book. It is, therefore, appropriate that we begin the story with a discussion of the Cold War. The chapter shows how the dominance of two superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union, was central to the Cold War. It tracks the various arenas of the Cold War in different parts of the world. The chapter views the NonAligned Movement (NAM) as a challenge to the dominance of the two superpowers and describes the attempts by the non-aligned countries to establish a New International Economic Order (NIEO) as a means of attaining economic development and political independence. It concludes with an assessment of India’s role in NAM and asks how successful the policy of nonalignment has been in protecting India’s interests. The end of the Second...
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...Chapter 3: Leading Situations 110 Lesson 3: Decision Making and Problem Solving Unit 2: Leadership Theory and Application LESSON 3: DECISION MAKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING INTRODUCTION — PUTTING YOUR LEADERSHIP SKILLS IN PERSPECTIVE As we have indicated throughout your previous JROTC lessons, leadership is the process of influencing others by providing purpose, direction, and motivation while operating to accomplish the mission and improving the organization. Purpose gives subordinates a reason why they should do different things, sometimes under stressful circumstances. Direction shows what must be done. Through motivation, leaders give subordinates the will to do everything they are capable of doing to accomplish a mission. LEADERSHIP FRAMEWORK Recall the fundamentals of BE, KNOW, and DO. As you can clearly see, they are deeply embedded throughout the leadership framework illustrated below. The top of this framework shows the four categories of things that leaders must BE, KNOW, and DO. They are values, attributes, skills, and actions. The bottom lists the dimensions of leadership, grouped under these four categories. The dimensions consist of the seven values and 15 subcategories under attributes, skills, and actions. Leadership starts at the top, with the character of the leader, with your character. In order to lead others, you must first ensure your own house is in order. Leadership begins with what the leader must BE, the values and attributes...
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...Contents Preface to the First Edition Introduction Part 1. Thought Control: The Case of the Middle East Part 2. Middle East Terrorism and the American Ideological System Part 3. Libya in U.S. Demonology Part 4. The U.S. Role in the Middle East Part 5. International Terrorism: Image and Reality Part 6. The World after September 11 Part 7. U.S./Israel-Palestine Notes Preface to the First Edition (1986) St. Augustine tells the story of a pirate captured by Alexander the Great, who asked him "how he dares molest the sea." "How dare you molest the whole world?" the pirate replied: "Because I do it with a little ship only, I am called a thief; you, doing it with a great navy, are called an Emperor." The pirate's answer was "elegant and excellent," St. Augustine relates. It captures with some accuracy the current relations between the United States and various minor actors on the stage of international terrorism: Libya, factions of the PLO, and others. More generally, St. Augustine's tale illuminates the meaning of the concept of international terrorism in contemporary Western usage, and reaches to the heart of the frenzy over selected incidents of terrorism currently being orchestrated, with supreme cynicism, as a cover for Western violence. The term "terrorism" came into use at the end of the eighteenth century, primarily to refer to violent acts of governments designed to ensure popular submission. That concept plainly is of little benefit to the practitioners of state terrorism...
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...Downloaded from www.lifebooks4all.blogspot.com e press How to use Downloaded from www.lifebooks4all.blogspot.com How to use this eBook Presents WINGS OF FIRE Published by Copyright © 2003 Distributed by UNIVERSITIES PRESS (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED UNIVERSITIES PRESS (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED You are viewing this eBook in the Full Screen mode. Press the Page-Down button to browse to the other pages. Press the Escape (Esc) button to exit this Full Screen view. You will then be able to see the document with all the regular Acrobat Reader features. You can return to the Full Screen view through the menu path View > Full Screen. You can also use ‘Control+L’ (Ctrl+L) to get the Full Screen view. This eBook allows you to do the following: Print any number of pages (use the print icon) Adjust the view of the document (use the zoom-in and zoom-out icons) Navigate in multiple ways (use the next page, first page and last page icons) For Help, use the menu path Help > Reader Help to get more details. You can also write to epress@sulekha.net for any clarifications or doubts. We love to hear from customers like you. All Rights Reserved Sulekha Epress e press Sulekha, Sulekha.com, Epress, Sulekha Epress, Epress logo and Sulekha logo are trademarks of Smart Information Worldwide Inc. NOTICE: This eBook is licensed to the original purchaser only. Duplication or distribution to any person via email, floppy disk, network, print out, or any other means is a violation of International...
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...e press How to use How to use this eBook Presents WINGS OF FIRE Published by UNIVERSITIES PRESS (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED Copyright © 2003 UNIVERSITIES PRESS (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED All Rights Reserved Distributed by Sulekha Epress e press Sulekha, Sulekha.com, Epress, Sulekha Epress, Epress logo and Sulekha logo are trademarks of Smart Information Worldwide Inc. NOTICE: This eBook is licensed to the original purchaser only. Duplication or distribution to any person via email, floppy disk, network, print out, or any other means is a violation of International copyright law and subjects the violator to severe fines and/or imprisonment. This book cannot be legally lent or given to others without the written permission of Sulekha. CONTACT US: Sulekha, 4926 Spicewood Springs Road, Suite 101 Austin, TX 78759, USA Sulekha, 96 Dr Radhakrishnan Salai, 2nd Floor Chennai, 600 004, India epress@sulekha.net You are viewing this eBook in the Full Screen mode. Press the Page-Down button to browse to the other pages. Press the Escape (Esc) button to exit this Full Screen view. You will then be able to see the document with all the regular Acrobat Reader features. You can return to the Full Screen view through the menu path View > Full Screen. You can also use ‘Control+L’ (Ctrl+L) to get the Full Screen view. This eBook allows you to do the following: Print any number of pages (use the print icon) Adjust the view of the document (use the...
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...China Fragile Superpower This page intentionally left blank Fragile Superpower Susan L. Shirk China 2007 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2007 by Susan L. Shirk Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shirk, Susan L. China: fragile superpower / by Susan L. Shirk. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-530609-5 1. Nationalism—China. 2. China—Politics and government—2002– I. Title. JC311.S525 2007 320.951—dc22 2006027998 135798642 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper For Sam, Lucy, and David Popkin This page intentionally left...
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...3 COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES In chapte r 2, we described the growth of a new kind of terrorism, and a new terrorist organization—especially from 1988 to 1998, when Usama Bin Ladin declared war and organized the bombing of two U.S. embassies. In this chapter, we trace the parallel evolution of government efforts to counter terrorism by Islamic extremists against the United States. We mention many personalities in this report. As in any study of the U.S. government, some of the most important characters are institutions. We will introduce various agencies, and how they adapted to a new kind of terrorism. 3.1 FROM THE OLD TERRORISM TO THE NEW: THE FIRST WORLD TRADE CENTER BOMBING At 18 minutes after noon on February 26, 1993, a huge bomb went off beneath the two towers of the World Trade Center.This was not a suicide attack.The terrorists parked a truck bomb with a timing device on Level B-2 of the underground garage, then departed.The ensuing explosion opened a hole seven stories up. Six people died. More than a thousand were injured. An FBI agent at the scene described the relatively low number of fatalities as a miracle.1 President Bill Clinton ordered his National Security Council to coordinate the response. Government agencies swung into action to find the culprits.The Counterterrorist Center located at the CIA combed its files and queried sources around the world. The National Security Agency (NSA), the huge Defense Department signals collection agency, ramped up its communications...
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...onoECONOMICS RESOURCE | 1 ECONOMICS RESOURCE | 1 ECONOMICS 2009-10: FUNDAMENTALS OF ECONOMIC THINKING Table of Contents Preface to the Economics Resource .................................................................................. 5 Fundamentals of Economics ............................................................................................ 7 The Basic Economic Problem—Scarcity ............................................................................................ 8 Production of Goods and Services .................................................................................................... 10 Increasing Costs ............................................................................................................................... 12 The Factors of Production ............................................................................................................... 14 Benefit-Cost Analysis – Marginal Decision-Making ......................................................................... 15 Marginal Utility and Waffles ............................................................................................................ 17 More on Marginal Utility and the Effect of Prices ............................................................................ 19 Individual and Social Goals .............................................................................................................. 20 Positive and Normative Economics...
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...OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY OUTLINE OF OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY C O N T E N T S CHAPTER 1 Early America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 CHAPTER 2 The Colonial Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 CHAPTER 3 The Road to Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 CHAPTER 4 The Formation of a National Government . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 CHAPTER 5 Westward Expansion and Regional Differences . . . . . . . 110 CHAPTER 6 Sectional Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 CHAPTER 7 The Civil War and Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 CHAPTER 8 Growth and Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 CHAPTER 9 Discontent and Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 CHAPTER 10 War, Prosperity, and Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CHAPTER 11 The New Deal and World War I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 CHAPTER 12 Postwar America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 CHAPTER 13 Decades of Change: 1960-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 CHAPTER 14 The New Conservatism and a New World Order . . . . . . 304 CHAPTER 15 Bridge to the 21st Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 PICTURE PROFILES Becoming a Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...FAMILY OF SECRETS The Bush Dynasty, America’s Invisible Government, and the Hidden History of the Last Fifty Years RUSS BAKER Contents Foreword by James Moore 1. How Did Bush Happen? 2. Poppy’s Secret 3. Viva Zapata 4. Where Was Poppy? 5. Oswald’s Friend 6. The Hit 7. After Camelot 8. Wings for W. 9. The Nixonian Bushes 10. Downing Nixon, Part I: The Setup 11. Downing Nixon, Part II: The Execution 12. In from the Cold 13. Poppy’s Proxy and the Saudis 14. Poppy’s Web 15. The Handoff 16. The Quacking Duck 17. Playing Hardball 18. Meet the Help 19. The Conversion 20. The Skeleton in W.’s Closet 21. Shock and . . . Oil? 22. Deflection for Reelection 23. Domestic Disturbance 24. Conclusion Afterword Author’s Note Acknowledgments Notes Foreword When a governor or any state official seeks elective national office, his (or her) reputation and what the country knows about the candidate’s background is initially determined by the work of local and regional media. Generally, those journalists do a competent job of reporting on the prospect’s record. In the case of Governor George W. Bush, Texas reporters had written numerous stories about his failed businesses in the oil patch, the dubious land grab and questionable funding behind a new stadium for Bush’s baseball team, the Texas Rangers, and his various political contradictions and hypocrisies while serving in Austin. I was one of those Texas journalists. I spent about a decade...
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