...Shockingly, what is often overlooked by Western society today, was that slightly more than a year prior to WWII (and the Holocaust), the Second Sino-Japanese war saw a horrifying episode of mass rape and murder. “The Rape of Nanking (or Nanjing)” happened over a period of six weeks, with the death toll estimates varying from as low as 40,000 to over 300,000 Chinese civilians/soldiers. Japanese soldiers tired from the war as well as “starved” of sexual interaction, preyed on and raped about 20,000 women (excluding the elderly and children). Applying Hsün Tzu’s view on the atrocity, helps explains the source of the evil behavior. To put it simply, Hsün Tzu believes the source of evil is the very nature of man. “There are words that invite disaster and actions that call down shame (Xunxi: Basic writings).” When the Japanese military permitted the murder and rape of the inhabitants of the city, the soldiers followed their nature and committed evil as they pleased. Doing away the proper military law, Hsün Tzu would make the claim, allowed the chaos and the soldiers loved the violence. Violence was not only a way to satisfy the evil...
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...THE FORGOTTEN HOLOCAUST: THE RAPE OF NANKING “Chinese men where used for bayonet practice and in decapitation contests. An estimated 20,000-80,000 Chinese women were raped. Many soldiers went beyond rape to disembowel women, slice off their breasts, and nail them alive to walls. Fathers were forced to rape their daughters and son their mothers, as other family member watched…” The Rape of Nanking, Iris Chang One of the most horrific events in human history, the Rape of Nanking is an example of one of the worst crime against humanity the world has ever seen. This event was so horrific that it is sometime referred to as the “forgotten Holocaust”. Beginning on December 13, 1937, Japan invaded China and the mass execution of soldiers and the slaughtering and raping of tens of thousands of civilians, whom peacefully surrendered, took place in contravention of all rules of warfare. This horrific event occurred due to the fact that for millenniums, the Japanese soldiers and civilians had a contempt feeling toward the Chinese and thought of them to be an inferior race of Asian people, much like the German policies against Jewish people in Europe. The Japanese soldiers...
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...The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II, wirttien by Iris Chang recounts the advancement of Japanese soldiers from Shanghai to Nanking during the war. The author inlcudes at the beginning of the bok that he main motive for writing about uch a gruesome event was the lack of coverage of it. Hardly anyone learns about the mass genocide of the Chineses in the far east. The beggining of the book is filled with statistics to give ample proof of the extent of the massacre of the Chinese. The Japanese soldiers followed a code of conduct while raiding the city that encouraged them to ravage literally everything in their path. Chang very clearly outlines the path the Japanese took to get to Nanking. She uses several personal accounts of Chineses citizens who lived through the ordeal to accurately describe the amount of destruction the Japanese caused. Chang uses a technique called the Rashomon perspective to narrate the events of fall f Nanking and the Chinese massacre. The first point of view she takes is the viewpoint of the Japanese military. The second is perspective is that of the Chinese victims...
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...The Rape of Nanking The Rape of Nanking is an infamous event that is etched into history that showed the true horrific atrocities that Japan committed in its quest for power. The Japanese Imperial Army after taking control of some parts of China, took control of the capital city of Nanking. This event contains the truth of what happened in that winter season, the degrading murders and brutal rapes that took place, and the emotional trauma that followed. In the cold days of December 1937, the Imperial Army of Japan took over the city of Nanking/Nanjing in China. The Japanese soldiers that invaded began terrorizing civilians and began what is known as “The Forgotten Holocaust” (Chang 1) today. Around that time, Japan was quickly taking control...
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...Introduction World War II was a dark time for several affected countries worldwide. The books The Rape of Nanking and Schindler's List deal with horrible events during the Nazi rule. Despite a horrible nightmare for everyone, there was a light that gave people hope. Good people, like Oskar Schindler and John Rabe, gave hope and helped people who suffered under Nazi rule in Poland and Nanking. Body The Rape of Nanking The city of Nanking was affected by terrible activities during World War II. Chang (1997) wrote about horrible events in her book, which were also one of the reasons for her mental illness. General Matsui Iwane led the Japanese army and treated people badly. Through violence, abuse, and rape. Several people suffered and were affected, including men, women and children. The reasons were mainly due to military battles, lack of order, and discipline. But there were good actions from John Rabe....
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...Why does Japan become involved in World War Two? Japan’s involvement in World War II was not focused on the conflict in Europe; rather it was focused on its own expansion into surrounding countries and the consequences that arose from this. More specifically Japan entering World War II was caused due to Japan’s attempt to conquer China and its continued march on East and South-east Asian territory. Japan’s expansion and entering World War II is closely linked due to key reasons including: Japan’s need for resources/land, imperialism/expansionism and military control. Japans need for natural resources in early war years is one of the driving factors in why they became involved in World War Two. Japan is a highly populated island country with little to no resources and also with a rapidly increasing population. This made Japan very trade reliant with other countries mainly consisting of the United States for oil and raw metals. The constant reliance of importation of raw materials to maintain its economy worried Japan. When the depression hit in the late 1920’s “more than forty countries raised tariffs on Japanese goods”. Since Japan was so reliant on trade they were forced to act in the form of securing natural resources for themselves. This meant the expansion into China. In 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria. Japan believed Manchuria offered many natural resources and it boasted nearly 200,000 square kilometres for her growing population. The Mukden Incident was the excuse the...
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...Chapter 7 : Moral Issues 7. 1 The Environment 7. 2 Life 7. 3 Rearmament and War 7. 4 Business Ethics 7. 5 Sexuality and the Family 7. 6 Discrimination 7. 7 Freedom of Information 7. 8 Science and Technology Chapter Overview This chapter will discuss the contemporary moral issues. There are eight main sub-headings and examined in turn. Students may not only learn about moral facts, principles and theories, but also some important moral issues so that they will kept in phase with current issues in facing the challenge out there. This chapter also encourages students to ...
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...Instructor’s Manual to Accompany The Longman Writer Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook Fifth Edition and The Longman Writer Rhetoric and Reader Fifth Edition Brief Edition Judith Nadell Linda McMeniman Rowan University John Langan Atlantic Cape Community College Prepared by: Eliza A. Comodromos Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey New York San Francisco Boston London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal NOTE REGARDING WEBSITES AND PASSWORDS: If you need a password to access instructor supplements on a Longman book-specific website, please use the following information: Username: Password: awlbook adopt Senior Acquisitions Editor: Joseph Opiela Senior Supplements Editor: Donna Campion Electronic Page Makeup: Big Color Systems, Inc. Instructor’s Manual to accompany The Longman Writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook, 5e and The Longman Writer: Rhetoric and Reader, Brief Edition, 5e, by Nadell/McMeniman/Langan and Comodromos Copyright ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Instructors may reproduce portions of this book for classroom use only. All other reproductions are strictly prohibited without prior permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Please visit our website at: http://www.ablongman.com ISBN: 0-321-13157-6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 - D O H - 05 04 03 02 CONTENTS ...
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...E SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by ...
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...CHAPTER 2. A HISTORY OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE IN AMERICA Written by: Tammy L. Anderson To appear in: Harrison, L., Anderson, T., Martin, S., and Robbins, C. Drug and Alcohol Use in Social Context. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing -1- A HISTORY OF DRUGS AND ALCOHOL IN THE UNITED STATES Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to review the history of drug use and its social control in the United States so that students can gain an improved and thorough understanding of today’s problems and policies. Our approach to this matter is sociological, i.e., exploring how the interconnection between culture, social institutions, groups, and individuals function to create drug-related phenomena. A sociological approach integrates many kinds of social, cultural, political, and economic factors that manifest themselves in everyday life. While pharmacology helps us comprehend how specific drugs impact brain activity, sociology can inform us about the social roots of drugrelated behaviors which ultimately shape beliefs and behavior and motivate social policy. Therefore, a review of drug use in the U.S. and the social response to it must consider many diverse phenomena. This broader framework will move us beyond domestic borders and into the international community, for the history of drug abuse is an international, socio-political marvel. Another idea warrants mentioning before we begin our history lesson. It centers on the idea that drug use and abuse are socially...
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...Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | [hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. | This article lends undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. (December 2013) | This article is outdated. (December 2013) | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2014) | | | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs | Governments of opium-producing Parties are required to "purchase and take physical possession of such crops as soon as possible" after harvest to prevent diversion into the illicit market. | Signed | 30 March 1961 | Location | New York City | Effective | 8 August 1975 [1] | Condition | 40 ratifications | Parties | 185[1] | Depositary | Secretary-General of the United Nations | Languages | Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs at Wikisource | The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 is an international treaty to prohibit production and supply of specific (nominally narcotic) drugs and of drugs with similar effects except under licence for specific purposes, such as medical treatment and research. As noted below, its major effects included updating the Paris Convention of 13 July 1931 to include the vast number of synthetic opioids invented in the intervening thirty years and a mechanism for more easily including new ones. From 1931 to 1961, most of the families of synthetic...
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...China Fragile Superpower This page intentionally left blank Fragile Superpower Susan L. Shirk China 2007 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2007 by Susan L. Shirk Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shirk, Susan L. China: fragile superpower / by Susan L. Shirk. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-530609-5 1. Nationalism—China. 2. China—Politics and government—2002– I. Title. JC311.S525 2007 320.951—dc22 2006027998 135798642 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper For Sam, Lucy, and David Popkin This page intentionally left...
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