...Reformation The Reformation was one of the greatest religious and political movements of the 16th century, aimed at reforming the practises and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church. Beginning in 1517, The Reformation was led by a German monk, known as Martin Luther. Luther argued that the Roman Catholic Church was corrupt and that it should be reformed, in attempt to making it fair, less greedy, and accessible to all people. He declared authority should be derived from the Bible, not the Pope or the Church, giving rise to Protestant systems of belief. This conflict caused a split in the Church, and separated the Christians of Western Europe into Protestants and Catholics. The disruption also triggered a series of wars, persecutions and the...
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...Ever since its founding in the 1st century C.E., Christianity has caused political and religious controversy in countries all over the world. From the original split between Christians and the Jews, to the fracturing of the Catholic Church in Germany, religion has been a vital tool for social and political change, especially in England. Although the Protestant Reformation was a dividing force in Europe, the dominant English monarchs of the 16th century used it to their advantage. King Henry VIII, Mary I and Elizabeth I used religion to pursue their agenda, solidify their reign and unify England. Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church was a unified body with the Pope at its head. However, when Martin Luther posted his 95 theses,...
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...the Protestant Reformation made significant changes on Western civilization. It altered the way people worshipped God and allowed for people to establish their own belief system. The Protestant Reformation allowed for a new definition of what it means to be civilized in Europe. People discovered, and took advantage of their freedom of religion. The Reformation did in fact contribute to a more civilized society because of its development of religious diversity, and its gradual separation between church and state. One of Martin Luther’s teachings states “On the matter of religious practice, is it better to follow one’s conscience?” (Notes Packet - The Reformation Begins; Mr. Johnson) Obviously,...
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...In the early 16 century the Roman catholic church and by extension its clergy came under heavy criticism. This was due to their financial, legal dealing; as well as change in popular opinion to the convention Catholic concepts of salvation. Along with other contributing factors led to the Protestant Reformation. Some of the contributing factors included criticism of the church, the teachings of Martin Luther, England’s shift towards Protestantism, and Calvinism. As stated earlier the growing resentment towards the basic tenants of Catholicism helped Protestant Reformation appeal to various groups across Europe. We will examine the contributing factors and how the led to mass appeal across Europe in a more exhaustive manner in the paragraphs...
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...The Protestant Reformation was the dawn of multiple ideas, as it inspired people to see the Roman Catholic Church in a new light. Multiple new religions were brought up and new philosophical thoughts were spawned. Then, along came the Peasants’ Revolt of 1524-1526 in Germany. This savage war was not only sprung up from the religious ideas of Martin Luther, but also from the dissatisfaction of peasants about their poor working conditions and the unfair treatment from their lords. German peasants had been displeased of their living conditions with being continuously faced with ludicrous feudal dues and state taxes. Upon hearing Martin Luther’s remarks, the peasants’ economic troubles and religious beliefs? combined to be the sparks that were...
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...In 1521 at the Diet of Worms, the Elector of Saxony decided to protect Martin Luther after the Holy Roman Emperor condemned him to death. The Elector’s political motive to harbor Luther is an example of how politics played a primary role in the spread of the religious Reformation. In Sixteenth-century Europe, the beginning of a religious Reformation started to spread, greatly aided by leaders who had political reasons to help new religions grow or were too busy to stop the spread of the Reformation. The Reformation swept across Europe primarily because those in authority had political reasons to adopt Protestantism or to ignore the its spread. Princes and rulers of German territorial states supported Luther because they wanted to weaken their...
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...During the Reformation back when times were rough and most people were poor and had only religion to look up to, protests began and those protests had followers called Protestants. Among those protesters were Martin Luther, who was a very religious man. And King Henry VIII, who was a very rich king that had many wives. Let’s start with Martin Luther. Martin Luther took a trip to the Roman Catholic Church and was surprised. Martin was a surprised, but not in a good way. All through the city and church, people were “buying their way to heaven” which was something the Pope promised them. The pope had issued that in order to go to heaven and take time off your purgatory, you had to purchase a certificate from the pope. Upon this, you had to pay for admission to see and pray at the relics. Martin was disgusted at these sights, he knew none of these things were stated in the Bible. Martin had to start a protest against papal authority and post what we know as “The 95 These”. Martin had found 95 things wrong that the church did that was not true to the Bible. MAny people followed Martin and eventually, he copied the Bible in their language so everyone could read and see the word of God, not the Pope....
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...APUSH Study Guide 8 A weak Confederacy and the Constitution, 1776-1790 Themes/Constructs: The federal Constitution represented a moderately conservative reaction against the democratilizing effects of the Revolution and the Articles of Confederation. The American Revolution was not a radical transformation like the French or Russian revolutions, but it produced political innovations and some social change in the direction of greater equality and democracy. The American Revolution did not overturn the social order, but it did produce substantial changes in social customs, political institutions, and ideas about society and government. Among the changes were the separation of church and state in some places, the abolition of slavery in the North, written political constitutions, and a shift in political power from the eastern seaboard toward the frontier. The first weak government, the Articles of Confederation, was unable to exercise real authority, although it did successfully deal with the western lands issue. The Confederation’s weakness in handling foreign policy, commerce and the Shays Rebellion spurred the movement to alter the Articles. Instead of revising the Articles, the well-off delegates to the Constitutional Convention created a charter for a whole new government. In a series of compromises, the convention produced a plan that provided for a vigorous central government, a strong executive, the protection for property, while still upholding republican...
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...Popular Culture of Europe Throughout the Ages Popular culture always has, and will remain, a telling aspect of the mindset of the masses throughout history. It is best defined by PhilosophyNow as the vernacular or people’s culture that predominates in a society at a point in time. The popular culture of Early Modern Europe can largely be classified as a shift from rowdy and vulgar celebrations to a more educated form of enjoying oneself. In the 1800’s, the formation of a mass society accompanied the growing literary movement, while post-WWI Europe experienced the gradual growth of mass media after numerous technological advancements, and later, a global movement towards rapid Americanization. In the mid-1300’s, the disease known as the Black Death was progressing rapidly throughout Europe. As more and more bodies were infected, the European masses began to live each day as if it were their last. This took place in the form of “sex crazed and alcoholic orgies” (Spielvogel 307). In Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron, a description of the popular reaction to the plague is featured: “Others maintained free living to be a better preservative, and would baulk no passion or appetite they wished to gratify, drinking and reveling incessantly from tavern to tavern” (Boccaccio 3). Although the most prominent scares of the Black Death began to fade away in the later years of the 14th century, the need for a rowdy form of enjoyment was still prevalent. Europe experienced a so-called...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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