...Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 8 ( 1991 ) 67-83 Elsevier Towards a new theory of innovation management: A case study comparing Canon, Inc. and Apple Computer, Inc. Ikujiro Nonaka Institute of Business Research, Hitotsuhashi University, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan Martin Kenney Department of Applied Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Abstract This paper argues that innovation can be best understood as an information process which is then concretized as a product that meets demand. Two very different firms, Canon Inc. and Apple Computer Inc., are used as case study illustrations. Innovation does not proceed through logical deduction, but rather is furthered by the use of metaphors and analogies. The bureaucratic and staid structures of the firm can be challenged and broken up to provide the space for innovations to emerge. The leader’s role in the innovating firm is as a catalyst and facilitator, not as an allknowing despot. The importance of innovations is not merely in the new product, but also the “ripple” effects of innovations which can propel the firm into a self-renewal process. Keywords: Innovation management, High-technology, Case study. 1. Introduction Increasingly, corporate competitive success is hinging upon the effective management of innovation. Innovation has been the object of considerable academic study from a variety of perspectives. However, innovations are usually considered as objects. We...
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...and its History Daphne Spann Kaplan University Intro. To Law Abstract The legal system has undergone many changes from its early start in the 19th century of the Canons of Professional Ethics to presently. The law has had to evolve due to the changes of climate in society to stay relevant and within the confines of the US Constitution. The one thing that has been debated and structured into a set of laws and guidelines under one main ruling organization of the American Bar Association is ETHICS. Ethical Practice of Law and its History The history of the establishment of legal ethics has evolved tremendously from the Canon of Ethics (Canons) to rules used today under the American Bar Association (ABA) Model Rules. The Canons are considered the cornerstone of modern of legal ethics and were used as a guideline for ethical conduct since prior to the 19th century there were no real rules regulating the conduct of lawyers. Ethics was based merely “perceptions” of what was considered ethical or drawn from other areas of law relevant to lawyers. The Canons were also considered vague in nature and seemed to focus on what attorneys should not do, while misaddressing the issues of what they should do. These early rules were viewed as a professional courtesy and carried no professional weight. The Canons, however, were still believed to be the historical starting point for the distinct contributions to the development of American legal ethics and the modern legal profession...
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...LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 04th April 2007 Ms.Rehana Fowzia (Lecturer) Department of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh Subject: Submission of report on ‘Ascertain the position of cannons of taxation in tax system of Bangladesh’. Dear Ms.Rehana Fowzia madam We are pleased to submit this report on “‘Ascertain the position of cannons of taxation in tax system of Bangladesh’ for particular fulfillment of BBA Degree. This research program was taken by the help of ‘Three tax system of Bangladesh’, written by M.A. Akkas & ‘Income Tax’ written by Mahmud, Purohit, Bhattacharjee. Here is the report on the observational study of ‘Tax System Of Bangladesh’ you asked us to conduct last month. We honestly believe that this report will fulfill the requirements of the project report for BBA, which will help us a lot to gain sufficient knowledge about the ‘Tax System Of Bangladesh’. We appreciate having this assignment. If you should need any assistance in interpreting this report or in implementing our recommendations, atuddin_mezbah@yahoo.com, Contact No. 01718330355 Sincerely, 01. Mezbah Uddin Ahamed BBA02707126 02. Subbir Ahmed BBA02707121 03. Md. Mahmud Hossain BBA02707154 04. Subroto Biswas BBA02707125 05. Shamol Kanti Sarkar BBA02707112 06. Md. Mahfujul Alam BBA02707153 Program: BBA, Batch: 27 (J), Stamford University Bangladesh. please contact us ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Education involves not only reading books and doing...
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...Marvin Y. Alili Canon Law IMPOTENCE * What is impotency? * Impotency in 1917 Code of Canon Law * Impotency in 1983 Code of Canon Law Part I * Intercourse * Antecedent * Perpetual * Either on the part of the woman or the woman * Absolute * Relative * By its nature Part II – Paragraph 2 of can.1084 * What to do in the case of doubt either before or after the marriage? Part III – Paragraph 3 of can. 1084 * Sterility * How can one prove? * Conclusion Introduction: Among the various matrimonial impediments affecting the licitness as well as the validity of the marriage contract, the impediment of impotence has been polarizing the attention of canonists, theologians and medical experts for centuries. Even at the present time, it represents ground for prolonged discussions on the inner interpretation of the impediment, and on the application of the principles to practical cases. This, we believe, is motivated by 2 main factors: impotence is an impediment based on the very law of nature and, as such, is out of reach of the Church power to dispense it, once it is shown present beyond reasonable doubt. Secondly, impotence, as a physical or physiological defect, is regulated essentially by medical science...
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...The Formation of the Canon, 5-6 page paper. Thus far we have come to a closing about the date and source of the individual books of the New Testament, but another questions remains unanswered. We can ask ourselves, how did the New Testament itself come into being? Who collected the writings and on what ideology? What conditions led to the creations of a canon, of trustworthy books? Throughout history Christian’s belief is that the Holy Spirit, who controlled the writing of the individual books, also controlled their selection and compilation, thus continuing to fulfill our Lord’s promise that He would guide his disciples into all reality. This however, is something that is to be discerned by spiritual insight, and not by historical research. The object is to find out what historical research reveals about the origin of the New Testament canon. We have people tell us that we receive the twenty seven books of the New Testament on the mandate of the Church; but even if we do, we have to look at how the Church came to recognize these twenty-seven books as worthy of being placed on a level of encouragement and authority with the Old Testament. It took over a century of the proliferation of numerous writings before anyone was even concerned. They started to pick and choose and it was largely a cumulative, individual and accidental event, guided by chance and prejudice more than objective and scholarly research, until priests and academics began declaring what was authoritative...
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...INTRODUCTION This paper was written based on the faith of Christians. Furthermore, the research referenced the Holy Bible as it is the sole basis of Christians for their doctrines and faith. The progression of the essays was written in accordance on how I think the doctrines of Christians were regarded. Section one: Did Jesus claim to be God?, discloses the dissimilar stand for Christians on the true state of Jesus Christ whether His is God or is He a man or is He God and a man at the Same time. Section two: Does the Bible Have Authority, discusses how the Christians were made to accept as true that the Bible is the sole basis for the words of God. Section three: How can we be confident that Jesus is returning?, opens the notion on where we are heading after our journey in this world. DID JESUS CLAIM TO BE GOD? The confusion on the true state of Jesus Christ often disrupts the mind of the believers on choosing their stand. However, the Holy Scriptures have the apparent stand on the issue on how to recognize Jesus Christ. Believers were divided to three groups on their belief on Christ’s true status such as: Jesus Christ is God, Jesus Christ is a man and last of all, Jesus Christ is God and a man at the same time. According to Apostle Paul, Jesus Christ is a man however a man that serves as the lone mediator of man to God (I Timothy 2:5). According to Apostle Peter, Jesus Christ is man approved of God by miracles and wonders and signs (Acts 2:22). Moreover, Apostle...
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...History Brief History of Cainta Catholic College Cainta Catholic College dawned through the CICM missionary zeal. In 1931, Rev. Fr. Jose Tajon was parish priest of Our Lady of Light. Since he ran a school at the Manila Cathedral. his former parish, he deemed it wise to open a Catholic School so that the children of the town could avail of primary education. From charity money and donation, Fr. Tajon was able to maintain the school free of tuition fee but with regularly paid teachers. He indeed established a feat of sort, as he was able to have this arrangement even during the duration of the Second World War. Enrolment increased each year up to 1944. The pupils were housed in three classrooms made of nipa and wood. Before Filipino became a national language, it was already part already part of the curriculum though the students spoke English just as well. The school produced most of the leading Catholics in Cainta. All through the pre-war years until the Japanese occupation and the American liberation, classes were continuously conducted. But in December 1944, Fr. Tajon died at the Santiago Hospital, during the shelling for the liberation of Manila. With his death, Cainta Catholic School unfortunately ceased its operation. In 1959, Fr. Daniel Courtens, another CICM priest, was appointed Parish Priest. Having observed the expenses and the risk, the youth of Cainta faced in wanting to have a secondary education offered in neighboring towns, he decided to re-open Cainta...
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...Crime victims rights Advocates for victims' rights have long complained that they have been sidelined by a criminal justice system that is focused on the interplay between the state and the defendant. With the enactment of the Victims' Bill of Rights Act of 2008, that is changing. The authors examine the current state of victims' rights, the evolution of the enforcement mechanisms, and the emerging role of the criminal practitioner in regards to these rights. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Advocates for victims' rights have long complained that they have been sidelined by a criminal justice system that is focused on the interplay between the state and the defendant. With the enactment of the Victims' Bill of Rights Act of 2008, that is changing. The authors examine the current state of victims' rights, the evolution of the enforcement mechanisms, and the emerging role of the criminal practitioner in regards to these rights. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] You have requested "on-the-fly" machine translation of selected content from our databases. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. Show full disclaimer Neither ProQuest nor its licensors make any representations or warranties with respect to the translations. The translations are automatically generated "AS IS" and "AS AVAILABLE" and are not retained in our systems. PROQUEST AND ITS LICENSORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING...
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...Legal Studies Research Paper Series Research Paper No. 07 - 25 E-marriage: Breaking the Marriage Monopoly Adam Candeub Mae Kuykendall This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1491704 Candeub-Kuykendall: Draft. Do Not Cite or Quote Without Permission E-MARRIAGE: BREAKING THE MARRIAGE MONOPOLY Adam Candeub and Mae Kuykendall ∗ ABSTRACT: This Article advocates updating the law governing marriage formation to recognize the shift in social interactions from real to virtual life. We argue that couples can use internet communications not only to marry when separated by great distance but also to choose which state’s laws will authorize their marriage. In particular, same sex couples could marry under the laws of a state that permit such unions, regardless of where they exchange vows. States inadvertently have created geographic monopolies, requiring each marriage receiving the benefits of their licensing laws to be performed within their borders. This Article’s model builds upon established precedents, such as proxy marriage and choice of law for multijurisdictional and internet contracts. Using the power of internet communications, our proposal allows states to compete over marriage’s procedures and substance. Depending on a couple’s preferences for “e-ritual” and a state’s desired level of regulatory control, couples could consume the trappings of a traditional ceremony...
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...Project in Soc.Sci 1BsCriminology-C Arthur B. Libradilla Jasper Junedee Lidasan Chapter 14 RIZAL IN LONDON (1888-1889) Chapter 14:RIZAL IN LONDON (1888-1889) TRIP ACROSS THE ATLANTIC >He won many of friends of different nationalities on board the palatial City of Rome because of his friendly nature and ability as a linguist. >Amazed some American and European passengers with his marvelous skill with the Yo-Yo as an offensive weapon. >Arrived on Liverpool, England, on May 24, 1888 and stayed for one day. >He wrote to his family about: “Liverpool is a big and beautiful city and its celebrated port is worthy of its great fame. The entrance is magnificent and the custom house is quite good.” LIFE IN LONDON >Went to London May 25, 1888 and stayed as a guest at Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor’s home >Became a boarder at the Beckett’s by the end of May were he meet the Beckett’s family. >He was called “Pearl of Man” by Dr. Reinhold Rost, a librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and an authority of Malayan languages and customs. >Played Cricket (a popular English game) and Boxing with Dr. Rost’s sons. GOOD AND BAD NEWS FROM HOME Bad News 1.) Persecution of the Filipino patriots who signed the “Anti-friar Petition of 1888”. - this petition has signed by 800 patriots and written by M.H Jose Del Pillar - addressed to the Queen Regent of Spain for the expulsion of friars, including Archbishop Pedro Payo of Manila. 2.) Persecution...
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...1. Rizal’s decision to come home • Financial difficulties in Calamba • Desire to prove that there is no reason to fear going home • His belief that the Spanish regime will not punish the innocent • To operate his mother’s eye • Serve his people who are oppressed by the Spaniards • To find out how Noli affected the Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines • Inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent 2. Storm over the Noli. • His enemies plotted his doom • Translated German poems of Von Wildernath to Tagalog • Governor General Emilio Terrero requested Rizal to the Malacañang Palace - Noli – subversive ideas - Rizal denied the charges against him – exposed the truth; did not advocate subversive ideas • Asked the Jesuits for the copy he sent – no • Fathers: Francisco de Paula Sanches, Jose Bech & Federico Faura – glad to see him– - Noli – speaks the truth; you may lose your head for it • Governor General Terrero – liberal-minded Spaniard - Assigned Spanish Lieutenant Don Jose Taviel deAndrade as bodyguard of Rizal - Cultured and knew painting - Could speak English, French & Spanish • Governor General Terrero found nothing wrong with Noli • Msgr. Pedro Payo (Dominican Archbishop of Manila) – sent a copy of Noli to Father Rector Gregorio Echavarria (UST) for examination by the faculty - Noli – heretic, impious & scandalous in the religious order; anti-patriotic, subversive of public order, injurious to the government of Spain & its functions in the PH islands...
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...A Little Bit of Laches Goes a Long Way: Notes on Petrella v. Metro,Goldwyn,Mayer, Inc. Samuel L. Bray* I. II. III. VI. V. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1! LACHES IS AND SHOULD BE AN EQUITABLE DEFENSE ............ 2! LACHES IN AN AGE OF STATUTES OF LIMITATION ................... 8! A MIDDLE COURSE IN PETRELLA ......................................... 17! CONCLUSION ....................................................................... 18! I. INTRODUCTION The famous Martin Scorsese movie Raging Bull and an ancient doctrine of equity will make a joint appearance later this month at the U.S. Supreme Court. On January 21, 2014, the Court will hear arguments in Petrella v. Metro:Goldwyn:Mayer, Inc.1 The case involves copyright infringement claims about the movie, and about the extent to which those claims are barred by the doctrine of laches. Laches is a defense that was developed by courts of equity, and it is typically raised in cases where a plaintiff has delayed her suit without good reason. Petrella raises two big questions about how laches fits into contemporary American law. One is whether it applies to all claims or only to equitable ones.2 The other is how it is affected by a federal statute of limitations. Is laches displaced, on the theory that Congress has spoken by enacting the statute of limitations, so that it would violate the separation of powers for a court to substitute its own equitable doctrines? Or does laches...
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...9 THE CHARISMATIC GIFTS DEBATE PRESENTED TO PROFESSOR OGEDI OMENYINMA FOR THEO 350 – DO4 BY REV. JOSEPH T. WHITAKER, III LU23755920 LIBERTY UNIVERSITY LYNCHBURG VIRGINIA JULY 20, 2014 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE SIGN GIFTS------------------------------------------------------ ARE THE SIGN GIFTS FOR TODAY OR HAVE THEY CEASED-------------------------------- ARE THE CONTEMPORARY SIGN GIFTS BEING PRACTICED BIBLICALLY-------------- CONCLUSION----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Introduction This charismatic gifts debate will explore God’s biblically stated purpose and intention for His supernatural gifts to be manifested in the practice of the New Testament Church. The question of whether the Bible declares if sign gifts are to be expected until the return of the Lord Jesus Christ, or have those gifts...
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY A Critique of the Journal Article: The Nature of the Church By Walvoord, John F. Submitted to Professor Kevin Richard in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of the course THEO 510-B06 Survey of Theology by Mark W. Clark, L26613732 January 23, 2014 Contents Introduction 1 Brief Summary 1 Critical Interaction 2 Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................................4 Bibliography 6 Grading Rubric 7 Introduction: Digging around the archived files of Bibliotheca Sacra (affectionately known as “Bib Sac”) evoked a deep sense of history and legacy. Although my exploration was limited to the broad, colorful screen of my iMac computer, I could almost smell the dusty stacks, piled high in the bowels of Dallas Theological Seminary’s archive rooms. Bib Sac was first published in 1844 and lays claim to being the oldest theological journal in America. The list of past editors stirs my earliest memories in Bible college on the coast of Maine. The theological foundations of my studies there included Lewis Sperry Chafer, John Walvood and Roy Zuck, all prolific writers and former editors of Bib Sac. It was here, in a relatively modern volume: October, nineteen fifty-nine, that I struck pay dirt. The volume I was perusing contained an article entitled The Nature of the...
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...Chapter 10 Property: Dispositions SOLUTIONS MANUAL Discussion Questions: 1. [LO 1] Compare and contrast different ways in which a taxpayer triggers a realization event by disposing of an asset. A realization event for tax purposes is created in many ways. Virtually any disposal will result in a sale or other disposition. These include a sale, trade, gift to charity, disposal to the landfill, or destruction in a natural disaster. In a sale or trade (exchange), the taxpayer receives something of value in return for the asset. In contrast, a charitable contribution, disposal, or destruction from a natural disaster generally results in a loss of any remaining basis in the asset without compensation (unless reimbursed by insurance). 2. [LO 1] Potomac Corporation wants to sell a warehouse that it has used in its business for 10 years. Potomac is asking $450,000 for the property. The warehouse is subject to a mortgage of $125,000. If Potomac accepts Wyden Inc.’s offer to give Potomac $325,000 in cash and assume full responsibility for the mortgage on the property, what amount does Potomac realize on the sale? When the property disposed of is subject to a liability and the buyer assumes the liability, the relief of debt increases the amount realized. Thus, Potomac’s amount realized consists of $450,000, which is cash of $325,000 plus $125,000 relief of debt. This assumes that the buyer hypothetically transfers cash to the seller in order to pay...
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