...The Ghana Empire (c. 300 until c. 1200) was located in what is now southeastern Mauritania and western Mali. Complex societies based on trans-Saharan trade with salt and gold had existed in the region since ancient times[1] But the introduction of the camel to western Sahara in the 3rd century A.D. gave way to great changes in the area that became the Ghana Empire. By the time of the Muslim conquest of North Africa in the 7th century the camel had changed the ancient more irregular trade routes into a trade network running from Morocco to the Niger river. The Ghana empire grew rich from this increased trans-Saharan trade in gold and salt allowing for larger urban centers to develop. It further more encouraged territorial expansion to gain control over the different traderoutes. When Ghana's ruling dynasty began is uncertain; it was mentioned for the first time in written records by Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī in 830.[2] In the 11th century the Cordoban scholar Abu Ubayd al-Bakri collected stories from a number of travelers to the region, and gave a detailed description of the kingdom. He claimed that the Ghana could "put 200,000 men into the field, more than 40,000 of them archers" and noted they had cavalry forces as well.[3] As the empire declined it was finally made a vassal to the rising Mali Empire at some point in the 13th century. When the Gold Coast in 1957 became the first black nation in sub-Saharan Africa to regain its independence from colonial rule it was...
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...today’s society from racism, ethnic cleansing, and all the way down to colonialism. In this paper I am going to talk about the film of the Story of India. Story of India This film or movie has a series of six sets. This movie talks about the world’s largest democracies and the rising economic giant. The movie was actually a documentary that was written or presented by Michael Wood and it related about the 10,000 year history of the Indian subcontinent in six series. It came on BBC in august and September of 07 and was named “India and Pakistan 07and it explained the independence of both countries With the story of India it talked about the historical events, places to travel and the inside of looking at archeological and historical evidence on sight with interviewing different people. The series was broken down in six different categories or series. The first episode was about the beginnings throughout the subcontinent and how they talk about the diversity and the cultures of their people. The second episode was about the power of ideas and talked about how Alexander the Great's invasion of India inspired her first major empire, and it relates to the revoluntary years after 500bc. The 3rd episode is spice routes and silk roads, and what that is meanings the trading of spices and some gold with the Romans and the Greeks. The trading actually put India on the map for global business. Episode 4 was about the countries gold age. An example of that would be how India...
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...The Global Business Environment: Meeting the Challenges 3rd Edition, Palgrave Macmillan Janet Morrison www.palgrave.com/business/morrisongbe3 Disney Corporation: It all started with a mouse Case taken from The International Business Environment, second edition (Palgrave, 2006), by Janet Morrison Walt Disney, the founder of the Walt Disney Company in 1923, is famously quoted as saying to his successors in the company: ‘I only hope that we never lose sight of one thing – that it all started with a mouse.’ The business was started by Walt Disney and his brother, who rented a small studio to produce animated films, introducing its most famous character, Mickey Mouse, in 1928. It was in animated films that the studio excelled, and on which its reputation and brand are based. The company has grown into a $28‐billion‐a‐year media and entertainment empire, consisting of film studios, theme parks and resorts, a television network and consumer products divisions. Much of this development has taken place under the leadership of Michael Eisner, who took over as chief executive in 1984. He is credited with the huge expansion of the theme parks and resorts. However, from the late 1990s, the company’s performance took a downturn (see figure). New competitors in the theme park business, combined with the downturn in tourism following the World Trade Center attacks of 11 September 2001, affected theme park attendance...
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...century, Roman emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and made it legal. 2. In the 3rd century, Rome lost up to 1/3 of its population due to natural disasters like famine and disease. In 1346-52, the Black Death claimed 1/3 of the population of Europe, Asia, and Africa. 3. In 1st-2nd century Rome, the basic principles of law were established that would be used by nearly every western system of law after: innocent until proven guilty, right to defend yourself in front of a judge, and the judge had to research all evidence carefully before making a verdict. 4. In Classical Greece (480-330 BC), homosexuality was widely practiced and accepted....
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...A Brief History of the International Monetary System Kenneth N. Matziorinis 1. Introduction The international monetary system is the structure of financial payments, settlements, practices, institutions and relations that govern international trade and investment around the world. To understand the international monetary system, we can start by looking at how a domestic monetary system is structured. The Canadian financial system, for instance, is composed of a) a currency; b) a central bank which issues that currency; c) financial deposit-taking and lending institutions such as commercial banks and d) the Canadian Payments Association. The currency used in Canada is the Canadian dollar. It is the means of payment, store of value and unit of account for all transactions conducted within Canada. It is the currency in which all assets and liabilities are measured. As such, exchange rates are not an issue in our domestic transactions. The country’s central bank, is the Bank of Canada. Its role is to issue the currency of the land, the Canadian dollar, to manage the supply of money to ensure that there is neither too much of it that could cause inflation, nor too little that could cause recession and to oversee the financial system, acting as a lender of last resort when the need arises. Commercial banks and other non-bank financial institutions are the main players in the financial system. They engage in the process of financial intermediation, which is the taking of deposits...
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...to contrast more and more sharply with that in the Hellenistic world, especially Egypt. In Greece and Egypt economic policy had gradually become highly regimented, depriving individuals of the freedom to pursue personal profit in production or trade, crushing them under a heavy burden of oppressive taxation, and forcing workers into vast collectives where they were little better than bees in a great hive. The later Hellenistic period was also one of almost constant warfare, which, together with rampant piracy, closed the seas to trade. The result, predictably, was stagnation. Stagnation bred weakness in the states of the Mediterranean, which partially explains the ease with which Rome was able to steadily expand its reach beginning in the 3rd century B.C. By the first century B.C., Rome was the undisputed master of the Mediterranean. However, peace did not follow Rome’s victory, for civil wars sapped its strength. Rome’s power hungry leaders and government lead to the downfall of their powerful civilization. Following the murder of Caesar in 44 B.C. His adopted son Octavian finally brought an end to internal strife with his defeat of Mark Antony in the battle of Actium in 31 B.C. Octavian’s victory was due in no small part to his championing of Roman economic freedom against the Oriental despotism of Egypt represented by Antony, who had fled to Egypt and married Cleopatra in 36 B.C. As Oertel (1934: 386) put it, “The victory of Augustus and of the West meant... a repulse of the...
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...Module Assignment One 1.0 Introduction to the assigment - Morrisons The supermarket chain to which this report refers to is ‘Morrisons’; this is considered to be one of the big four supermarket retailers in the country and since its creation in 1899 has grown from strength to strength. Morrisons is a family run empire that first started as an egg and butter merchant in Bradford, as times progressed its first supermarket was opened in 1961 (also in Bradford), throughout the 1970s and 1980s the company diversified into distribution of stock, and in 1999 its 100th year of trading it also opened its 100th store. In 2000 its first store opened in Wales, and in 2004 they branched into Scotland. “The OFT said the big four supermarkets - Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury's and Morrisons - had built up their dominance of the food retailing business over the past six years.” , A sign of the times was when the company took over the Safeway’s Group ‘creating the UK’s fourth largest supermarket group’. At present there are more than 360 stores; several factories, distribution centres and head office administrative posts across the country employing over 130,000 staff and welcoming around 10 million shoppers each week; their mission statement is ‘to deliver the very best for less’ . 2.0 A review of the macro environment of Morrisons ‘Macro environment relates to the larger forces that have an impact on society as a whole and not just on one or a few organisations…the company’s macro-environment...
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...Any government decision always seemed to be controversial among the new American nation, but during the 19th century westward expansion seemed to have a stirring effect, as it was seen as unconstitutional and a mistake to the half the people, particularly the federalists. Moreover, Americans believed that buying more land would entangle the U.S. in foreign affairs, a warning given by George Washington in his farewell address, and cause strain on the original 13 eastern states. However, government officials saw land as a power source and a way to expand the empire and economy. Both supporting and opposing sides influenced the ideas of territorial expansion and caused a changed in federal policy resulting in a new nation stretching from [present...
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...Term Paper Proposal Company: TATA Motors Group – India Business & Jaguar Land Rover Mission “To be passionate in anticipating and providing the best vehicles and experiences that excite our customers globally” Vision Most admired by our customers, employees, business partners and shareholders for the experience and value they enjoy from being with us. Marketing Objectives Tata motors is a leading automobile brand. It is most widely known for its commercial vehicles such as buses and trucks. However, TATA motors has also started an excellent expansion in passenger cars and it is rapidly gaining market share. The Marketing mix of Tata Motors talks about the 4P of the brand which has helped the brand rise in the automobile empire. 1. Product in the marketing mix of Tata Motors Tata has a very wide range of products it has passenger cars, utility vehicles, JLR, Commercial passenger Carriers and Defence Vehicles Passenger cars Utility Vehicles Jaguar Land Rover Commercial Passenger Carriers Zest,Bolt,Tiago Safari Dicor Jaguar Buses Indigo XL/Vista Sumo Grande Land rover Winger Nano Sumo Magic Fiat cars Xenon XT Novas, TL4*4 2. Price in the marketing mix of Tata Motors The prices of Tata motors are generally affordable acceptable by the general public at large. Tata always have something for the lower class people with Nano being their trump card. Giving discount every month and special promotion for certain type of vehicle also one of the strong strategy use...
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...1 The Foundations of International Society 2013-2014 Part I: Politics 2 (International Relations I) Paper organiser: Professor Christopher Hill (POLIS): Room 105, Alison Richard Building Email: cjh68@cam.ac.uk Lecturers: Professor Hill (CH), Dr Elisabetta Brighi (EB), Dr Aaron Rapport (AR) and Dr Stefano Recchia (SR). Aims and Objectives The course aims to introduce students to the subject of International Relations (IR), whose main focus is the nature of politics at the international level. Students will acquire the empirical and conceptual foundations needed to understand a world political system which cannot be accurately described as either pure anarchy or a coherent form of ‘global governance’. The starting point is the notion of ‘international society’, which refers to the set of institutions and common procedures generated by states over the last three and a half centuries in their attempts to achieve some minimal form of co-existence, but which has gradually evolved to include many non-state actors and different levels of activity – diplomatic, economic and cultural, as well as that of military competition. By the end of the course you should be able to have an informed discussion about: the historical origins of the present system; what is distinctive about international politics as opposed to politics inside the state; and the main challenges which confront humanity in the twenty-first century. You will also acquire a basic familiarity with the main theories needed...
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...”Eating Sugar” Since the dawn of civilization, people from different nations and cultures have crossed each other’s borders, both physically and mentally. Throughout history this has resulted in more or less dramatic events, stretching from the Spanish General Cortez’ annihilation of the Inca-empire in South America, to the joyful re-union of East and West Berlin in Germany. Today, the possibilities of exploring different cultures are limitless – with a sufficient amount of money and a valid passport, one could be sitting on an airplane flying to any destination in the whole world. In the short story, “Eating Sugar”, we are introduced to Suzanne and her parents, Alex and Eileen. An omniscient 3rd person narrator tells the story, which is set near a tourist attraction somewhere in Thailand. The omniscience of the narrative role is seen several places throughout the story and is intensifying the tension, as both parents’ feelings are revealed instantly; “Eileen found Thailand stressful, and wasn’t ashamed to show it. Alex was grateful to her.[1]” However, the narrator takes point of departure in Alex, which is seen, when his memory of his and Eileen’s LSD-trip is described in detail (l. 1, p. 4/10). In “Eating Sugar” there are a lot of contradictory conditions. The most dramatic one is when the family is concerned about how they will come home and four native Thais ‘emerge’ from the forest path. Already before engaging in a conversation, the narrator uses Alex to...
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...But something was about to change. The U.S. began winning battles. North Africa and Italy were taken into Ally control and the U.S. regained islands lost to Japan. The Battle of Midway in 1942 was a major turning point in the Pacific. FDR, Churchill, and Stalin met at Tehran in 1943, and Yalta in 1945. The well known “D-Day of June 6, 1944, was a success and the war was heavily favoring the Allies at this point. As the war was coming to an end, FDR thought of and eventually created United Nations, with the sole purpose of making sure this is the last world war. He also created the World Bank, and ended the colonization of Africa, which ended the old European Empires. FDR beat out Thomas E. Dewey, the new governor of New York, and was elected for his 4th time on January 20th, 1945. 5 days after his reelection, he met up with Churchill and Stalin again in Yalta. This would be the last time Churchill and Stalin saw Roosevelt. They discussed post war problems and the reformation of...
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...HUM 1000: WORLD CIVILIZATIONS NOTES BY DR. KAKAI P.W THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF CIVILIZATION IN AFRICA Definition of key terms As we begin this course, it is crucial to first discuss our understanding of the concept ‘civilization’. This is a comparative term which is usually applied in comparison to such words as ‘barbarian’ ‘savage’ and ‘primitive’. In classical antiquity the Europeans used the word ‘barbarian’ to refer to a foreigner who was regarded as inferior (Ogutu and Kenyanchui, An Introduction To African History, 1991 p33). Do you think this is still the way we use the word barbarian? The Latin speakers referred to hunters, food-gatherers as savage. In the 17th century this term ‘savage’ referred to a person without art, literacy, or society who lived in fear of existence and death. ‘Primitive’ on the other hand, in Latin meant ‘the first or original’. Europeans used these words interchangeably when referring to non-Europeans while the word civilization was preserved to describe historical developments of European people (ibid). Now the term civilization is no longer confined to the above development but also extends reference to non-European communities. Attributes of civilization includes observance to law, belonging to an organized society, having a society of literate people with advanced developments in urbanization, agriculture, commerce, arts and technology. The French thinkers of the 18th century referred to a person of the arts and literature...
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...wife visited the Town of Sarajevo. The Archduke was the heir to the throne of the Empire of Austria-Hungary. As the car passed along the street, someone threw a bomb at it. The bomb bounced off the back of the car and exploded, injuring an officer in the car behind. The Archduke and his wife were unhurt. Later that day the Archduke said that he wanted to change his plans and visit the injured officer in hospital. He set off again by car, but the driver was not told the route had change. Some minutes later a man called Gavrilo Princip shot them and died. 2_ The great powers in 1914. If see the map the six most important and powerful countries in Europe were split into two armed groups. The triple Alliance. Central powers. Germany: was made up of many small states that had united and become one country only as recently as 1871. Otto von Bismarck, who was the Chancelor of the newly united Germany, firmly believed that all questions of the day could be solved by military strength by blood and iron. The stong national feeling in Germany and its wealth from industry made the Germans keen to play a leading part in world affairs. Kaiser Wilhelm II was impatient to make Germany the leading country in Europe. Austria-Hungary: the empire of Austria-Hungary was Germany´s oldest ally. German was the language of Government, but each group spoke its own language and had its own customs. This made the empire difficult to rule. Many of this people (Austrians, Slovacks, Serbs, Croats) were...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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