...course and outcome of the Korean War? (30 Marks) Some argue that China’s intervention in the Korean War played a very significant role in deciding the course and outcome of the war in several ways. One of the most significant factors is the role that was played by the Chinese volunteer army which managed to push the UN forces back to the 38th Parallel which then prolonged a conflict which the UN was going to win. The lack of this intervention would mean that the Armistice would have never happened which was very crucial. In addition if China had not intervened (much to Truman’s dismay) MacArthur would not have been fired an would still be head of the army because his failure to advance China was a reason to why President Harry Truman fired him. Effectively, the war had the possibility of it triggering a third world war and the world’s first nuclear war. Fortunately, this possibility was avoided, but at the very least it ended the dreams of a reunited Korea and ensured that the war would continue in 1953. China's intervention kept the UN from having a victory against the Communist forces from the North. The Korean War began on the 25th of June 1950 when some 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean People’s Army moved across the 38th parallel, (which was the boundary between the Soviet-backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to the north and the pro-Western Republic of Korea to the south). This invasion was the first military action of the Cold War. By July, American troops...
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...watches, even if they deny doing so. During the interviewing segment the candidates are asked “How to solve world peace”. Not to take away from their effort, but it takes much more than a short and well-rehearsed statement along with a pretty smile. The true efforts of world peace lie in the hands of The United Nations, UN. The UN is the world’s second attempt to have a united front to obtain world peace after the failure of the League of Nations. To identify the United Nations true success we must look at what they have attempted. We must not overshadow the good and fair attempts with the failure that have come up. The job these individuals from all around the world have been chosen for is not one to take lightly. Their efforts should be praised but not overlooked. We live in the world where the unexpected is to be expected. For this reason we have certain people put in place to protect are needs. There are 196 delegates from 26 countries who are entrusted to maintain order and peace in our world. The UN was established in 1945 in efforts to keep peace after World War II. This international organization helps us in many ways. The United Nations is involved with political, economic, and human right activities. In more detail, the main responsibilities of the UN are to investigate any type of dispute between nations that could result in international friction. In the case where there is a threat to peace the UN is responsible to identify which way is best sought to defuse the...
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...“At the end of the Second World War so many people said, ‘If only we had known, if only we had known the wrongs that were done in the countries of the hostile forces’…there will be no excusing the failure of action because we didn’t know–we do know”(Weber), said Micheal Kirby, the chairman of the UN’s Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of North Korea . Micheal Kirby raises the question, what do we, as humans and as members of a nation, owe to other humans wronged in their own nation? Since the Holocaust, humans have promised that “never again” will the heinous acts committed in the Holocaust occur, yet humanity has failed to keep its promise since the same heinous acts against humanity continue have occurred...
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...past, has carried fourth most of the same ideology throughout . As we analyze American Foreign Policy implemented over the course of World War I and World War II, The Vietnam War, The Korean War, and policies brought fourth during The Wars’ on Terrorism (Iraq and Afghanistan) we will illustrate the setbacks and failures of each while drawing significant relations between all. Before discussion the different American Foreign Policies we must understand what a Foreign Policy is and how it may affect us. By definition “foreign policy- a policy pursued by a nation in its dealings with other nations, designed to achieve national objectives.” (foreign policy, n.d.). The intentions of the American Foreign Policies are put in place to protect not only American business world but the globalization of the free market, although at time the American Policies are called into question with tremendous criticism, they are intended to protect the American people from the capable harm of other nations. “Global public opinion is not a new concern for U.S. foreign policy. Woodrow Wilson often referred to it, even stating that it "ultimately governs the world" (cited in Ninkovich 1999, 67).” (Goldsmith, B.E, Horiuchi, Y., Inoguchi, T., Jun., 2005) By assuming this role of the protector of all, the American Government felt they must adopt the “intervention role” thus policing the world. America had engrossed itself in the world’s problems while trying to force its political ideology throughout...
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...World War, the global balance of power steered with the rise of communism and nations determined to fight against it. When these two sides gradually received spotlight of international politics until the end of Cold War, the United States, the key player of anti-communism, began to propel, its unofficial, the so-called ‘World Police’ obligation, as their main foreign policy makings. Even now, the U.S., as the leading super power of the global arena, influences to the whole with what it believes is right for the sake of humanity and the nation itself. Its belief eventually may have salvaged many from the tyranny of communism or unjust dictatorships. However, at times, it did only harm than good to keep the society on the right track. But these were lessons learned after several trials of failures of various spectrums of the United State’s policies. Now, history tells the future generations of young American politicians through the mirrors of past events such as the Korean War and the Vietnam War. These mirrors foretell what outcomes one would face if he finds himself stumbled onto the wrong course of intervention. One will also discover military supremacy is not all to influence a certain entity. Despite the evident proof of the past, there are politicians that are misled to believe what are not worth believing anymore. Mitt Romney, a Republican politician, is one of the many who may need to acknowledge this as examples can be pointed out just by referencing the past two wars of different...
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...Korean War Korean War The Korean War (25 June 1950 - armistice signed 27 July 1953[1] ) was a military conflict between the Republic of Korea, supported by the United Nations, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China (PRC), with military material aid from the Soviet Union. The war was a result of the physical division of Korea by an agreement of the victorious Allies at the conclusion of the Pacific War at the end of World War II. The Korean peninsula was ruled by Japan from 1910 until the end of World War II. Following the surrender of Japan in 1945, American administrators divided the peninsula along the 38th Parallel, with United States troops occupying the southern part and Soviet troops occupying the northern part.[2] The failure to hold free elections throughout the Korean Peninsula in 1948 deepened the division between the two sides, and the North established a Communist government. The 38th Parallel increasingly became a political border between the two Koreas. Although reunification negotiations continued in the months preceding the war, tension intensified. Cross-border skirmishes and raids at the 38th Parallel persisted. The situation escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces invaded South Korea on 25 June 1950.[3] It was the first significant armed conflict of the Cold War.[4] The United Nations, particularly the United States, came to the aid of South Korea in repelling the invasion. A...
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...Why did the US become militarily involved in Korea? In June 1950, 90,000 soldiers from the communist Korean People’s Army crossed the 38th Parallel into South Korea. The most important reason for a military response from the US was the document NSC 68, which stated that they must meet communism wherever it arises. Due to this document, it was the US assumption that the invasion on South Korea was not a Civil War due to the events in Korea, and the permanent divide in 1948. However, there was also US domestic policies, and Truman’s fear of being accused of being ‘soft on communism,’ as well as the US based organisation, the UN, which was a new institution, which Truman had to support. Furthermore, containment in Europe and Asia and the threat to the balance of power in these continents prompted US retaliation, as did the threat to Japan and the US defence perimeter. NSC 68 highlights the importance of the defeat of Communism due to the threat of the ‘destruction of civilisation itself,’ and that the ‘peace of the free world’ is in peril. Due to the US assumptions that communism is evil, which is demonstrated in countries such as Czechoslovakia, where political parties and freedom of speech were banned, Hungary, where political opposition meant imprisonment, and Bulgaria, when any opposition was executed, Truman understood the importance of this document. It recommended rearmament and increase of defence, as well as ‘keeping the US public fully informed and cognizant of...
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...Over 10000 men were sent to the area from the 82nd Airborne. Although the mission started out as a large scale airborne operation it changed mid-flight and sent to an airfield at San Isidro, Dominican Republic. The 173rd Airborne Brigade conducted the first jump into Vietnam on 22 February 1967, this jump was named Operation Junction City. This jump was to mass forces and carry paratroopers further than helicopters. The unit was sustained in this area for several weeks by supplies being airdropped for elements along the Cambodian border. This was the beginning of the practice of sustaining operations by dropping supplies from C-130’s to the soldiers on the ground. Junction City was the largest airborne operation during the Vietnam War. Many smaller scale jumps were performed after Junction City, mostly consisting of special operations...
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...Chapter 38 The Bipolar World THE CHAPTER IN PERSPECTIVE No sooner had World War II reached its bloody finish than the world was thrust into an even more frightening conflagration. The United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies faced off in a fundamental struggle to shape the postwar world. It was a contest based on power politics, competing social and economic systems, and differing political ideologies that lasted over fifty years and touched every corner of the globe. A spiraling arms race eventually brought the world to the brink of nuclear apocalypse. While the war remained technically cold, the fear of a nuclear disaster made it feel very different to the peoples of the world. OVERVIEW The Formation of a Bipolar World Despite the lingering general animosity and mistrust that the Soviets and Americans shared, at the heart of the cold war was a fundamental disagreement between political, economic, and social systems. Capitalism and communism, at least in the minds of the superpowers, remained mutually exclusive. The United States attacked communism and backed, at least in theory, liberalism. Consequently, the United States criticized the Soviet record on human rights and the suppression of civil and religious institutions. In turn the Soviets, led by Nikita Khrushchev, were critics of the failings of laissez‐faire capitalism and the wide gulf between rich and poor in western European and especially the United States...
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...AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT RELATED TO COMMON PROBLEMS OF CHINA, JAPAN AND NORTH KOREA This paper identifies some common issues that East Asian countries are struggling to deal with and how they are unique in some aspects and similar in others to problems that Western nations face. This paper focuses on the countries of China, Japan and North Korea and look primarily at the issues that arise from these nations’ struggle to shape their national identity on the world stage as well as how these nations are dealing with the ever increasing force of globalization. This paper also looks at the role that the United States plays in shaping or dealing with these issues, as well as how an American citizen might play a role in perpetuating or resolving these dilemmas. Through this work it should be made more clear what problems East Asian nations share and reveal that they must deal with them in a way that is both uniquely domestic but also influenced by factors that arise from the United States and other International actors. Common Problems in China, Japan and North Korea and American Involvement There are two major dilemmas that are addressed in this paper that are shared by these three nations. The first can be identified as an issue of International Sovereignty where these countries all have a vested interest in exerting their will in the international arena but all have limited ways of making this happen. Associated with the issue of establishing their sovereignty ...
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...day forward. From the end of World War I until the United States involvement in World War II the United States held a position of non-intervention in foreign affairs. Even as World War II raged on in Europe, the United States held off sending American combat solders until December 7, 1941, the day Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. The very next day the United States declared war on Japan and changed how its non-intervention policies for good. With Nazi Germany, Japan and the rest of the Axis powers defeated, World War II came to a close in 1945. From the rubble emerged the United States, by far the world’s greatest super power. The United States had the world’s most powerful military, accounted for half the world’s manufacturing and possessed the world’s only atomic bomb. They now had the opportunity to give the world Roosevelt’s four freedoms. Knowing that for their capitalistic government to continue to succeed and grow there needed to be a global economic reconstruction. Simply put, capitalism requires free trade to grow and the other countries of the world were in economic turmoil and in no position to freely trade. Establishing the United Nations, World Bank and enacting the Marshall Plan, which gave billions of dollars to finance the economic recovery of Europe, helped revived the economies of Europe, Asia and Africa. The only country standing in the way was the Soviet Union. Emerging as the other super power of the post-World War II world, they...
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...Peace Conference of 1919, a mass anti-Japanese protest demonstration, the May Fourth of 1919, erupted at Beijing University and swept through the country. This gave rise to the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). In 1945, after World War II, the Kuomintang government was left financially and militarily crippled. On the other hand, the CCP took advantage of the Kuomintang situation and emerged from the war as a stronger political party on the whole. They eventually took over China in 1949 under Mao Zedong’s chairmanship. The transition to socialism from 1953 to 1957 was characterized by efforts to achieve massive industrialization, collectivization of agriculture, and political centralization. The Great Leap Forward (1958-1960) followed after, which turned out to be an economic failure resulting in the deaths of millions in the countryside. After Deng Xiaoping took over from Mao, he introduced the Four Modernizations program for the four sectors of agriculture, national defense, and science and technology. The Third Plenum exchanged the classic party line calling for protracted class struggle to one promoting the Four Modernizations, which believed “the attainment of economic goals would be the measure of success or failure of policies and individual politics.” (Pg 9) China’s change to focus...
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...much more nuanced. Kim Il Sung explained: Establishing juche means, in a nutshell, being the master of revolution and reconstruction in one’s own country. This means holding fast to an independent position, rejecting dependence on others, using one’s own brains, believing in one’s own strength, displaying the revolutionary spirit of self-reliance, and thus solving one’s own problems for oneself on one’s own responsibility under all circumstances. The DPRK claims that juche is Kim Il Sung’s creative application of Marxist-Leninist principles to the modern political realities in North Korea.2 Kim Il Sung and his son Kim Jong Il have successfully wielded the juche idea as a political shibboleth to evoke a fiercely nationalistic drive for North Korean independence and to justify policies of self-reliance and self-denial in the face of famine and economic stagnation in North Korea. Kim Il Sung envisioned three specific applications of juche philosophy: political and ideological independence, especially from the Soviet Union and China; economic self-reliance and self-sufficiency; and a viable national defense system.3 This paper begins with a discussion of the three key components of the juche ideology – political, economic and military independence – as promulgated by the DPRK. The second section is a discussion of the ideological origins of the juche philosophy, followed by a third section on the philosophical bases of the juche idea. The paper concludes with an examination of juche...
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...Foreign policy, whether for or against, seems to be the center or major problem in most of the international incidences, that have occurred recently. A) Two or three (2-3) international events from the past five years that can be traced back to a foreign policy created after the Civil War. 1. Sri Lankan government policy towards India against support of China - Sri Lankan government had a foreign policy towards India that was not supportive of China and that has led to a strained relationship between these two Nations. Tamilian issues were not completely addressed by Sri Lankan foreign policy and the recent atrocities against Tamil provoked the Tamilnadu state to pressurize the central government though this is Sri Lanka internal policy but in its foreign policy they couldn’t relate to the sentiments of Tamil people in India. The Indian government did not attend the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) Summit which was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The protest of the Sri Lankan Government towards the Tamils of Sri Lanka forced the Prime minister of India to stay away from the CHOGM summit. The long civil war with Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in Sri Lanka did not patch up the relations between Sri Lanka and Tamilnadu and Tamil people forced Prime minister of India to boycott CHOGM. 2. Somalia’s foreign policy influenced by Muslim fundamentalism - In Somalia, the foreign policy...
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...to business professionals about the Republic of Korea, the Korean culture, and the peculiarities of conducting business in this country. The topics discussed include a brief historical background about the nation, its dimensions of culture, how these elements are integrated by Koreans, and a comparison between these characteristics and American culture and business practices. The paper examines the implications for US firms wishing to do business in Korea using Hofstede’s Dimensions of culture, a SWOT analysis, and FDI analysis. Keywords: culture, religion, Confucianism, innovation, export, KORUS FTA Historical Background of Korea The Republic of Korea (ROK) is commonly known as South Korea. For the remainder of this paper, the ROK will be synonymous with "Korea". Korea is located in northeast Asia on the Korean peninsula between the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan. It borders the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), also called North Korea (nK), immediately to the north, across the 38th parallel. Korea's total land area is nearly 62,000 miles, slightly larger than Indiana (www.cia.gov). It has an ethnically homogeneous population of over 49 million people, 83% of which live in urban areas (www.cia.gov). According to legend, Korea's birth as a nation was in 2333 BC with its early inhabitants coming from and heavily influenced by China (Kim, 2012). Mark Peterson, associate professor of Korean Studies at Brigham Young University summarizes Korea's early...
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