...shubhangi_singh@live.in INDEX SERIAL NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO. 1. Abstract 03 2. Introduction 04 3. Methodology 07 4. Literature review 08 5. Discussion 14 6 Conclusion 15 7. Suggestions 16 6. Appendices 17 7. References 18 ABSTRACT Confronted by the globalization of markets, increasing competition, deregulation and rapid technological developments, speed and flexibility become key sources of competitive advantage for organizations. This calls for radically different management approaches and a new breed of leaders. New mindsets and new sets of learning skills will be key factors of success in the knowledge intensive corporations of the future. The research field of cross-cultural management suffers from an absence of theory capable of explaining the...
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...profession with a short history. At present, it has established its own status in the international community. By using their intelligence and effort, the interpreters have made great contribution to smooth the communication between people who speak different languages. With their talents and techniques, the interpreters help people to overcome language barriers and serve as a bridge in intercultural communication. It is not until 1980s that the research on interpreting has been carried out in China. Ever since the reform and opening-up policy, research work on translation and interpreting has gained more and more attention from scholars. The number of the publication of articles concerning translation and interpreting has been increasing quickly. However, the study of translation in China still falls behind that in the western countries, and the research on interpreting theories and teaching is still a weak area in translation studies in China. Many of...
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...TRANSLATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT Translation quality assessment has become one of the key issues in translation studies. This comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of translation evaluation makes explicit the grounds of judging the worth of a translation and emphasizes that translation is, at its core, a linguistic operation. Written by the author of the world’s best known model of translation quality assessment, Juliane House, this book provides an overview of relevant contemporary interdisciplinary research on translation, intercultural communication and globalization, and corpus and psycho- and neuro-linguistic studies. House acknowledges the importance of the socio-cultural and situational contexts in which texts are embedded, and which need to be analysed when they are transferred through space and time in acts of translation, at the same time highlighting the linguistic nature of translation. The text includes a newly revised and presented model of translation quality assessment which, like its predecessors, relies on detailed textual and culturally informed contextual analysis and comparison. The test cases also show that there are two steps in translation evaluation: firstly, analysis, description and explanation; secondly, judgements of value, socio-cultural relevance and appropriateness. The second is futile without the first: to judge is easy, to understand less so. Translation Quality Assessment is an invaluable resource for students and researchers...
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...STUDY GUIDE: MODULE 1 Fee and Stuart. 1. Know: Hermeneutics is the art and science, or as some would say the theory and practice, of interpretation. 2. What do they say is the aim of a good interpretation? What is not the aim? The aim of good interpretation is not uniqueness; one is not trying to discover what no one else has ever seen before. 3. According to Fee and Stuart, what is the antidote to bad interpretation? Is not no interpretation but good interpretation, based on commonsense guidlelines. 4. They define “The Bible” in part as… The Bible is not a series of… propositions and imperatives; it is not simply a collection of “sayings from chairman God,” as though he looked down on us from heaven and said: “hey you down there, learn these truths. Number 1, there is no God but One, and I am he. Number 2, I am the Creator of all things, including humankind” – and so on, all the way through proposition number 7,777 and imperative number 7777. 5. Know the kinds of “communication” mentioned that God uses to convey his Word. Narrative history, genealogies, chronicles, laws of all kinds, poetry of all kinds, proverbs, prophetic oracles, riddles, drama, biographical sketches, parables, letters, sermons, and apocalypses. 6. “To interpret properly the “then and there” of the biblical texts, you must…” not only know some general rules that apply to all the words of the Bible, but you also need to learn the special rules that apply to each of...
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...certify this report of the Study Project entitled: “The difficulties and some solutions to Vietnamese-English translation” to total fulfillment of the requirement for the report of graduation practice. Son La, April 2011 Nguyễn Thị Thiện ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my supervisors, Mrs. Nguyen Thi Ngoc Thuy and Mrs. Nguyen Mai Huong, lecturers of the Foreign Languages Department of Son La College. This report could have probably not completed without their patient, enthusiastic and instructive supervision and encouragement. I also would like to show my profound gratitude to all the lecturers in the Foreign Languages Department in Son La College for tirelessly devoting time and efforts to enrich, broaden and deepen my knowledge over the past three years. My special thanks go as well as to the Foreign Languages Department of Son La College for giving me the opportunity and permission to implement this report. I also would like to delicate my special thanks to my classmates in English course 45, who have supported, cooperated and provided me with valuable suggestions. Especially, I am obliged to my friends who looked closely at the final providing me their translation exercises and assignments to use as version of the report for English style and grammar, correcting both and...
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...the relevance of some of the key areas of modern linguistic theory and illustrates how an understanding of these key areas can guide and inform at least some of the decisions that translators have to make. It draws on insights from current research in such areas as lexical studies, text linguistics and pragmatics to maintain a constant link between language, translation, and the social and cultural environment in which both language and translation operate. In Other Words examines various areas of language, ranging from the meaning of single words and expressions to grammatical categories and cultural contexts. Firmly grounded in modern linguistic theory, the book starts at a simple level and grows in complexity by widening its focus gradually. The author explains with clarity and precision the concepts and theoretical positions explored within each chapter and relates these to authentic examples of translated texts in a variety of languages, although a knowledge of English is all that is required to understand the examples presented. Each chapter ends with a series of practical exercises which provide the translator with an opportunity to test the relevance of the issues discussed. This combination of theoretical discussion and practical application provides a sound basis for the study of translation as a professional activity. Mona Baker is Chairman of the Education and Training Committee of the Institute of Translation and Interpreting. She has more than seventeen years’ experience...
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...STUDY GUIDE: MODULE 1 As you read this week’s textbook reading assignments, take notes in response to these questions and statements. This study guide will help you to prepare for your quiz. Fee and Stuart. 1. Know: Hermeneutics is the art and science, or as some would say the theory and practice, of interpretation. Pg 71 2. What do they say is the aim of a good interpretation? What is not the aim? To get at the plain meaning of a txt. Uniqueness is not the aim pg 18 3. According to Fee and Stuart, what is the antidote to bad interpretation? Good interpretation based on commonsense guidelines. Pg 21 4. They define “The Bible” in part as… The Bible is not a series of… Propositions & imperatives it is not simply a collection of “Sayings from Chairman God” pg 22 5. Know the kinds of “communication” mentioned that God uses to convey his Word. Narrative history, genealogies, chronicles, laws of all kinds, poetry of all kinds, proverbs, prophetic oracles, riddles, drama,biographical sketches, parables, letters, sermons, & apocalypses. Pg 22 6. “To interpret properly the “then and there” of the biblical texts, you must…” Not only know some general rules that apply to all the words of the bible but you also need to lean the special rules that apply to each of these literacy forms (generes) pg 23 7. Know and be able to discuss the two types of ‘context’ mentioned in the reading. Why are these items important? The historical Context...
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...1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Figurative language has been widely examined by linguist in the study of literature in recent years. It is because figurative language has the essence of style and beauty. Figurative language often provides a more effective means of saying what we mean than direct statement. In the specific sense, figurative language may take the form of figures of speech. Figurative language is used in any form of communication, such as in daily conversation, articles in newspaper, advertisements, novels, poems, etc. The effectiveness of figurative language in four main reasons, Perrine (1982) First, figurative language affords readers imaginative pleasure of literary works. Second, it is a way of bringing additional imagery into verse, making the abstract concrete, making literary works more sensuous. The third, figurative is a way of adding emotional intensity to otherwise merely informative statements and conveying attitudes along with information. And the last, it is a way of saying much in brief compass. She divides figurative language into seven types, namely metaphor, simile, personification, metonymy, paradox, overstatement, understatement, irony and illusion. 2 Keraf (1998: 129) divided majas (figures of speech) into two classifications, namely majas retoris (rhetoric) and majas kiasan (analogy). The first classification covers illiteracy, assonances, anastrophe, apophasis, apostrophe, asyndeton, polycyndenton, chiasmus, ellipsis...
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...Marketing Theory http://mtq.sagepub.com/ Marketing the hegemony of development: of pulp fictions and green deserts Steffen Böhm and Vinícius Brei Marketing Theory 2008 8: 339 DOI: 10.1177/1470593108096540 The online version of this article can be found at: http://mtq.sagepub.com/content/8/4/339 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Marketing Theory can be found at: Email Alerts: http://mtq.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://mtq.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://mtq.sagepub.com/content/8/4/339.refs.html Downloaded from mtq.sagepub.com at Glasgow University Library on July 5, 2011 Volume 8(4): 339–366 Copyright © 2008 SAGE www.sagepublications.com DOI: 10.1177/1470593108096540 articles Marketing the hegemony of development: of pulp fictions and green deserts1 Steffen Böhm University of Essex, UK Vinícius Brei Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil Abstract. In this paper we analyze the role of marketing in the construction of what can be called the hegemony of development. Through an investigation of the marketing practices of the pulp and paper industry in South America and the resistances that are articulated by a range of civil society actors against the expansion of this industry, we problematize marketing as a political and contested...
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...МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ, МОЛОДІ ТА СПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ «ЛЬВІВСЬКА ПОЛІТЕХНІКА» Л.В.Бордюк ЖАНРИ НАУКОВОГО СТИЛЮ МЕТОДИЧНІ ВКАЗІВКИ до виконання практичних робіт для студентів спеціальностей 8(7).02030303 «Прикладна лінгвістика» Затверджено на засіданні кафедри прикладної лінгвістики Протокол № 7 від 20.02.2013 р. Львів – 2013 Жанри наукового стилю: Методичні вказівки до виконання практичних робіт для студентів спеціальностей 8(7).02030303 «Прикладна лінгвістика». /Укл.Л.В.Бордюк – Львів: Видавництво «Львівська політехніка», 2013. - 40 с. Укладач Бордюк Л.В., канд.філол.наук, доц. Відповідальний за випуск Левченко О.П., д-р філол.наук, проф. Рецензенти Маркелова С.П., канд.філол.наук, доц. Романишин Н.І., канд.філол.наук, доц. Процес здобуття університетської освіти містить навчальну та науково-дослідну складові...
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...A cross-national validation of the consumer-based brand equity scale Isabel Buil Department of Economy and Business Studies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Leslie de Chernatony Birmingham Business School, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, and ´ Eva Martınez Department of Economy and Business Studies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Abstract Purpose – This study seeks to investigate the measurement invariance of the consumer-based brand equity scale across two samples of UK and Spanish consumers. Design/methodology/approach – Brand equity was conceptualised as a multi-dimensional concept consisting of brand awareness, perceived quality, brand associations and brand loyalty. To test the brand equity scale cross-nationally a survey was undertaken in the UK and Spain. Measurement invariance was assessed using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Findings – The brand equity scale was invariant across the two countries. Results show that the consumer-based brand equity scale has similar dimensionality and factor structure across countries. In addition, consumers respond to the items of brand equity in the same way, which allows meaningful comparison of scores. Research limitations/implications – Future research could examine the cross-national generalisability of the brand equity scale using other countries’ products and services. Practical implications – Given that the brand equity scale is invariant across countries, researchers and international...
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...A Translator’s Coming of Age by Omaya Ibrahim Khalifa Through studying the three translations of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet done by Mohammed Enani in 1965, 1986 and 1993 respectively, this study adopts a diachronic approach. In addition to examining the historical dimension, this study attempts to address itself to crucial questions related to the process of translating a literary text. A few of these are: how a translator can approach a given text in three different ways and how each translation changes according to the approach and the methods chosen by the translator. More importantly, the study proposes to discuss the pragmatic conditions governing the act of translation and how far these result in prominent modifications in the relationship between the source and target texts. The first part of this study discusses the problem or problems which confront a translator attempting to transpose Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet into Arabic, and the second analyses the three translations and how each deals with the problems discussed. Mohammed Enani, in his introduction to his third translation of Romeo and Juliet, singles out tone as the main difficulty that faces any translator attempting a rendering of the play. In the Elizabethan era romance was regarded as a subject for comedy and as such allowed playful treatment. Harry Levin explains that Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet was an innovation at the time. He reveals the effect of the play on contemporary audiences...
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...Literature Translation Elena Xeni Teaching Staff – Language Pedagogy Department of Education, University of Cyprus Summary The present paper focuses on issues of concern in the study of Children‟s Literature Translation (ChLT). Attempting an overview from the years when ChLT was much ignored in the academic and non-academic world to the years that attention is paid to ChLT as a scientific field in its own right, the present paper illustrates issues that have generated intense and ongoing discussions. Issues such as the missionary role of ChLT, the theoretical framework of ChLT, the translator‟s invisibility, low status, profile and royalties, translatability vs. untranslatability, ideology, censorship, manipulation, and ambivalence are visited in this paper. These issues have had a deep impact on key ChLT actors, processes, and products: the child-reader, the translator, the translated text, the translation process, the author, the publisher, etc. The present text is a modest attempt to join efforts with the international community of scholars, translators, authors, children readers, publishers and other parties with an interest in ChLT, so as for the field to be given its merit in Translation, Comparative, Literary and Interdisciplinary Studies and for the translator –who had for long been much invisible and undervalued –to gain the place s/he deserves in history and society. 1. Introductory note It is widely accepted that Children‟s Literature Translation (ChLT) is an...
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...Decision Sciences Volume 38 Number 1 February 2007 Journal compilation C C 2007, The Author 2007, Decision Sciences Institute Decision Sciences Research in China: Current Status, Opportunities, and Propositions for Research in Supply Chain Management, Logistics, and Quality Management∗ Xiande Zhao Department of Decision Sciences and Managerial Economics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantin, NT Hong Kong, e-mail: Xiande@baf.msmail.cuhk.edu.hk Barbara B. Flynn† Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, 801 W. Michigan St., BS 4010, Indianapolis, IN 46033, e-mail: bbflynn@iupui.edu Aleda V. Roth Department of Management, College of Business and Behavioral Sciences, Clemson University, 343A Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, e-mail: aroth@clemson.edu ABSTRACT As China becomes increasingly important to the global economy, it is critical to conduct high-quality research on important decision sciences issues there. This article provides an extensive review and critique of the extant China-based literature on supply chain management, logistics, and quality management, based on the foundation established by Zhao, Flynn, and Roth (2006). In general, decision sciences research in China is in its infancy. Although there have been some very interesting and well-executed articles, the majority are descriptive and focus on status updates. We provide a set of propositions to guide future research in logistics, supply chain management, and quality management in...
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...Description…………………………………………………………………..8 Results:………………………………………………………………………………….…………8 * Identification of Groups……………………………………………………………….9 * Preliminary Results…………………………………………………………………..10 * Invariance Testing……………………………………………………………………12 * Structural Modeling…………………………………………...……………………..14 Discussion………………………………………………………………………………….…….16 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………………18 References……………………………………………………………………………………..…20 Abstracts In this paper, I analyze the market for organic products in eight European countries, based on differences in their respective value systems. With a significant sample of 8014 consumers, I first identify international segments in the European organic products market using the Values Theory. Then I apply the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine how European consumers use attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control to form their purchase intention for organic products. Results show that subjective norms are the main underlying factor driving consumer behavior concerning these products. This effect is higher for the group of countries whose citizens score higher on Schwartz's value scale. In this segment of countries, people are more likely to be affected by what others think, which means that the best approach is to increase social awareness of the relevance of purchasing organic products. Organic products represent a potentially profitable opportunity for companies with an international horizon. Results are also useful...
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