...French & Indian War Essay Commencing in 1756 and concluding in 1763, the French & Indian War brought about a series of unfavorable financial, social, and exploratory complications to colonial North America. As taxation intensified and British-colonial tensions brewed due to a prolonged military presence and a general clashing of cultures, expansion west of the proclamation line of 1763 became a problematic activity for settlers, as British management over the land westward of the boundary produced a monopoly on the administration and purchase of terrain, ultimately generating yet another source of discontentment for American colonists. Pooled together, these frustrations would later fashion the groundwork for what would become the American Revolutionary War. The French & Indian War rattled the economic framework of Britain so severely that it became forced to alleviate the weight of its debt through taxation upon the colonies. The Crown began to implement harsher policies as well as enforce preexisting ones, so as to quench the costs of war and British military occupation within North America. Products such as potash, wine, and silk became commodities difficult to acquire, as the fee to import them skyrocketed to undesirable heights. The Revenue Act of 1764, dubbed by the colonists as “The Sugar Act”, was a British-led effort to crack down on trade regulations, seeing as how most colonial merchants neglected the procedures and prices on the transacting of products...
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...Abolishing Northern slavery was a result of the Declaration of Independence. Ending Slavery in the North was not easy, and is something that should not be taken for granted. [1] Importing slaves to the North fell off shortly after 1770, and internal trade in blacks rose in importance. The change in the economy helped the North to give up its direct involvement in expanding slavery, without giving up its fortune they already made. The army commanded by Lord Dunmore, the Royal governor of Virginia, became the first refuge of African Americans who hoped, by serving the Crown (or just by escaping their masters), to gain permanent freedom, encouraging the Rebels themselves to enroll free blacks and slaves in their armed forces- and to promise some of the slaves’ freedom if they served for the duration of the war. The actual taking up of arms by the Royal forces encouraged slaves to run away. These runaways certainly gave Lord Dunmore the idea to officially encourage runaway slaves to leave their masters. Dunmore’s proclamation of November 1775 freed only the slaves of Rebel masters and only those who actually joined the British forces. Rumors that the British would employ blacks to control rebellious whites were circulated in London and at home, from Virginia to South Carolina. Dunmore did not want to encourage wholesale slave rebellion, which would have angered loyal Virginian slaveholders. But he did want to make the Rebels as vulnerable as possible. This vulnerability, especially given...
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...“The fall of Somerset was principally due to the 1549 rebellions.” Assess the validity of this view. During the final years of Henry VIII life he claimed that effective government should be carried out by council of 16 members. However, the last period of Henry VIII reign the reform faction were dominating and Edward Seymour managed to overthrow the regency council to become the ‘Protector’. Initially the rise of Somerset was a planned coup. But Somerset was arrogant and haughty which resulted in his fall from power in October 1549 after the rebellion against him throughout England. In this essay I am going to explore reasons behind Somerset’s fall, was it the rebellion or was there other factor that contributed to the fall. It can be said that the rebellion played a considerable part in Somerset’s downfall because the two main rebellions were due to his social and religious policies. The Western Rebellion ‘the prayer book rebellion’ was sparked by the reformation of religion. This was because the reformations of religions were radical and completely changed people’s experience of religion. Especially, as the prayer book was translated from Latin to English and the western rebellions often referred to the new prayer book as a ‘Christmas game’. The most radical change in religion came when the Elevation of host got abolished and the attack of images of saints sparked off the acts of iconoclasm. Not only were the Western rebellions angry about the religious reformations but...
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...KEY CONCEPTS Part I: Modern Politics: State and Citizens You will find listed below the key concepts for each lecture and chapters from the text. These concepts are what you will be tested on. They will appear on the midterm quiz, in the form of multiple choice questions and in the final exam will be the basis of both the short answer and longer essay questions. Please note that some of the concepts listed under lectures are also covered in the readings, sometimes in more than one chapter. Lec. 1-2 What is Politics? Concepts from the Lecture: Politics ‘Polis’ Plato Machiavelli Modern Age Thomas Hobbes Leviathan Concepts from the Texts: ‘Simile of the Cave’ ‘fortuna’ philosopher-king Behavioural Approach Class Analysis Elite theory Pluralism Institutionalism ‘Power to’ vs. ‘Power over’ Lec. 3 What is the State? Concepts from the Lecture: Treaty of Westphalia Social Contract Legal-institutionalism Branches of State Levels of State Elitism Pluralism Additional Concepts from the Texts: Night Watchman State Neo-liberal state Welfare State Liberal Democracy Lec. 4 The State: Power, Authority, and Sovereignty Concepts from the Lectures and Readings: Power Authority Sovereignty Weber’s Typology of Authority Concepts from Readings: See Lec. 3 concepts Lec. 5 Political Ideologies: Liberalism Concepts from the Lecture Ideology Left vs. Right ideologies John Locke/ Two Treatises of Government J.S...
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...CHAPTER 3 America in the British Empire ANTICIPATION/REACTION Directions: Before you begin reading this chapter, place a check mark beside any of the following seven statements with which you now agree. Use the column entitled “Anticipation.” When you have completed your study of this chapter, come back to this section and place a check mark beside any of the statements with which you then agree. Use the column entitled “Reaction.” Note any variation in the placement of checkmarks from anticipation to reaction and explain why you changed your mind. Anticipation Reaction _____ 1. _____ 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ 7. The British government usually left American colonists to make their own laws pertaining to local matters. American colonial trade was severely crippled by British trade laws. The European Enlightenment had little influence on the thought of American colonists. Because they were part of the British empire, colonists were constantly involved in England’s imperial wars with France and Spain. Parliament taxed the American colonists as a way to express its authority over them, not because it needed. the money. Colonists protested the Sugar Act and Stamp Act as violations of their rights as Americans. Colonists protested the Tea Act because it threatened to raise the price of tea. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ 7. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading Chapter 3 you...
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...OSUN STATE UNIVERSITY College of humanities and culture IKIRE CAMPUS HIS 301- HISTORY OF NIGERIA 1900-1960 GROUP 4- INDIRECT RULE MEMBERS 1. OYEDELE OLUWASEUN HIS/2011/0042 2. BINUYO DAVID HIS/2011/0016 3. OGUNDIRAN SAMSON HIS/2011/0029 4. AKINYEMI AYOKUNMI HIS/2011/0054 5. ADEBAYO OLUWASEUN FRN/2011/0001 6. OLOYEDE OLUWASEUN ENG/2012/0016 7. AJANAKU ADETOUN HIS/2011/0009 8. DADA OLUWATOSIN HIS/2011/0018 9. BABASEYI OSAMU FRN/2011/0027 10. ELUBEKU TUNDE HISTORY 11. OLUBIYI TOMILOLA FRN/2011/0016 12. EBIRIM JOY HIS/2011/OO19 13. DAMILOLA FEMI HISTORY 14. ADEESO ADEDOYIN FRN/2012/0026 15. HAMZAT SEKINAT HIS/2012/0091 16. ASIFAT AISHAT FRN/2012/0022 INTRODUCTION The Indirect Rule System was a system of administration which was based on the use of traditional authorities by the British officials. Indirect rule aims at a synthesis between European and African culture. The essence of indirect rule is that the present and the future are to be built on the past without any violent break; the loyalty of the people is to attach firstly to their traditional institutions. In other words, the indirect rule is a system of administration in which the British colonial government made use of the paramount chiefs to govern the people of its colonies in accordance with their traditional political system, under the guidance and supervision of officials of the...
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...Comparison of a tabloid and broadsheet article In this essay, the differences between two publications will be examined in detail. One of the newspapers is a broadsheet newspaper called The Guardian and the other one is the tabloid publication called The Sun. Two articles from these papers will be compared with each other, exploring the similarities and differences between them. The articles in question are ‘Top-Toc-Treat-Junkies-like-patients not criminals’ which appears in The Sun and The Guardians article ‘Leading doctor urges decriminalisation of drugs’. Broadsheet and tabloid newspapers employ different techniques to appeal to their readership. A typical tabloid article has a simple headline, sometimes in the form of a pun or using colloquial language which grabs a reader’s attention. The heading in a tabloid article tends to be more vague using less information and leaving itself open for interpretation which means the reader will have to read on for further insight into the story. It has a style of writing is very different from a broadsheet. They tend to use a style of writing which is known as ‘sensational’ or ‘hyperbole’, which can make the story more dramatic than it actually is. The language used in a tabloid appeals to those looking for a less challenging read and targets most ages. Although a tabloid can seem to be less ‘serious’ than a broadsheets, they do often have facts and educated opinions to back up an argument in a article. There is a lot of emotive...
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...The Canadian State: Institutions and Structures The Constitution is very import in the context of the canadian state however it is not without controversy. As there has been many significant changes to fundamental rights Operational Institutions Westminster Style Parliamentary Government: derives from the british parliament in Britain meaning that we have an adversarial government. This can be expressed in the parliamentary structure of the house of commons (adversarial and conflict). High expectations of accountability in the formal legalities. The government must retain the confidence of the house (budget proposals) -legislative process: see above -party discipline: is linked to the idea of confidence, it operates through out the system. The general expectation is that members will vote along party lines. Pros: Accountability meaning that you know who is power and responsible for certain parts of the government, higher level of efficiency, fiscal and budgetary concerns, Cons: Can not always vote according to beliefs and values, inefficiency Federalism: Important driver of politics within Canada. To what extent are the types of different conflicts between the different levels of conflicts. Another reason why federalism exists is due in large part to the question of Quebec and the allocation of powers between french canada and the rest of the country. The Canadian State: Sovereignty 1867: Constitution Act, 1867 (BNA) 1926: The King-Byng Thing 1926: Nadan...
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...is little written on the wider constitutional effects of the Act, and it is exactly that which this essay will try to examine. To analyse the Act’s significance I have looked at the position prior to the Act and what the Act changed, before moving on to examining and critically assessing the plethora of arguments that both sides put forward. A fuller copy of this paper is available upon request. 1 The Position Before the Act and how the Act has Changed it: The changing of election timing in the United Kingdom is something that is not often tampered with. The Meeting of Parliament Act 1694 provided that a general election for Parliament must be held (at most) every three years. The Septennial Act 1715 changed this to a maximum of seven years. Finally the Parliament Act 1911 amended this to provide for a five-year maximum term before a general election must be called. Before the Fixed-Term Parliaments Act 2011 the power to dissolve Parliament was retained by the Crown, under the royal prerogative. The royal prerogative ‘comprises residual powers, and functions which were originally associated with the monarch’,1 this means the powers that the Monarch still holds from the time that the monarchy was the true political power of the state. Pragmatically, Parliament was dissolved by the Crown solely on the advice of the Prime Minister, through a Royal Proclamation. The ability to do this, as a...
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...Crook comments that Napoleon’s rise to power had “acquired an aura of inevitability”1, and such inevitability was aided by the fall of the French monarchy, the failings of the Directory, and more importantly, Napoleon’s personal ability and appeal to employ such opportunity. This essay will argue that his rise to power was indeed very much aided by the failings of the Directory, but it was Napoleon who recognized such failures and used these to his advantage that ensured his rise. It will begin with a short background of the origins and result of the French Revolution. It will then summarize the failings of the Directory and how Napoleon used such failings to rise to power. ! ! The French Revolution! ! To evaluate the Directory’s impact on Napoleon’s rise to power it is essential to examine France in the late 18th century, a time of uprisings and turmoils. There was a general public discontent in the French monarch, Louis XVI, due to his inability to find a solution of the impoverished France. France was in such a state because it spent a large sum on warfare, namely the funding of the American War of Independence. This Pyrrhic victory almost bankrupted France. While the King taxed the poor, the royal family and the nobles still lived in luxurious lifestyles. After a series of events, the King was overthrown. ! ! Napoleon Under the Directory! ! After the overthrown, the 1795 Constitution was passed by voting. It also established the Directoire, the Directory, with five...
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...This essay will examine the centenary commemoration of the 1916 rising with particular focus placed on the RTE television series Rebellion.1 An analysis of this drama will allow this essay to examine the manner in which the anniversary of the rising contributes to contemporary Irish identity. The Easter Rising is a rebellion which took place between the 24th and 30th of April 1916 and resulted in 450 deaths including the execution of the fifteen leaders of the rebellion. The rising itself consisted of members of the Irish Citizens Army, the Irish Volunteers and the women's group, Cuman na mBan. The events which led up to the rising and the storming of the GPO began in 1913 with the denial of home rule and the Lockout which sought to protect...
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...The English Reformation has a history of its own; a series of numerous events that brought about a reshaping of the Church, a paradigm shift in peoples understanding of ministry, as well as some other critical theological beliefs. And so it is also widely considered as the turning point for Christianity in England because it brought along reformed ideas, thoughts and ways of doing things, not only in the church, but also in England. A new dawn had come. The English Reformation is also remembered for the political ambitions and struggles which juxtaposed side by side with the theological and spiritual issues of the time. There were hot debate, burnings at the stake, organized coups, charges of treason and heresy and divorces which polluted the air. The history of the English Reformation certainly does not make for bedtime stories, nevertheless it is what it is and Christianity in England consequently took a dramatic turn of events. When we think of the Anglican Communion we think of the Book of Common Prayer and when turn the pages we can do nothing else but think of the scholar, priest and revolutionist who created it, Thomas Cranmer. Out of the smoke of the reformation arose the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556). Cranmer, amongst many is one of the iconic figures who helped influence Christian church history, and is often referred to as the ‘Architect of Church of England.’ In particular, Cranmer’s most noted contribution came to the surface during the...
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...INTRODUCTION After Malaysia achieved its independence on 31st August 1957, it adopted federal system of government. A federal government is formed by a combination of states or provinces in a federation, give some of their powers to the federal government and some of them are remained. Thus, this lead to the existence of more than one level of government; federal level, state level and local level have formed the federal system of government. Malaysia has 13 states and three federal territories. As Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy, Federal Constitution (FC) becomes the most supreme law of Malaysia and everyone must adhere to it. The concept of separation of power divided the power of government into three branches as stated in the FC; Executive (Part IV Chapter 3, Articles 39-43), Legislature (Part IV, Chapter 4, Articles 44-65) and Judiciary (Part IX Articles 121-131). Basically, the Executive body will formulate policy and ensures it is properly implemented, the Legislative will make law and the Judiciary will apply the law and settle dispute. In order of superiority, executive body is being the first, followed by legislature and lastly the judiciary. Here, the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary will be discussed and elaborated further to gain more understanding about the body of government respectively. THE EXECUTIVE. Executive generally defined as a body of government that is responsible for executing the laws, determine the general rules, appoint...
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...TIMELINE OF PHILIPPINE HISTORY SUBMITTED BY: HIPOLITO, KRISTEL J. 10th century Year | Date | Event | 900 | | End of prehistory. Laguna Copperplate Inscription, the earliest known Philippine document, is written in the Manila area in Kawi script. | | | Rise of Indianized Kingdom of Tondo around Manila Bay. | 11th century Year | Date | Event | 1000 | | People from Southern Annam called Orang Dampuan establish trade zones in Sulu | 1001 | | Song Shih document records tributary delegation from the Buddhist Kingdom of Butuan on 17 March. | 12th century Year | Date | Event | 1175 | | Kingdom of Namayan reaches its peak. | 13th century Year | Date | Event | 1240 | | Tuan Masha'ika, an Arab, travels and introduces Islam to Sulu. | 14th century Year | Date | Event | 1380 | | Karim Al-Makhdum arrives in Jolo and builds a Mosque. | 1400 | | Birth of the Baybayin, Hanunoo, Tagbanwa, and Buhid scripts from Brahmi. | 15th century Year | Date | Event | 1457 | | Sultanate of Sulu founded by Sharif Al-Hashim.[1] | 16th century Year | Date | Event | 1500 | | Rise of Kingdom of Maynila under the Bolkiah dynasty | 1521 | 16 March | Ferdinand Magellan lands on Homonhon with three small ships, named the Concepcion, Trinidad and Victoria. Magellan calls the place the Arcigelago de San Lazaro since March 16 is the feast day of Saint Lazarus | | 28 March | Magellan reaches the Philippines | | 29 March | Blood Compact between Magellan and Rajah...
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...29.09.2012 ‘Tragedy is an imitation of an action’ is what Aristotle said about the theater genre, tragedy. I have been curious about the ‘imitation of an action’ part and asked myself question such as what could the’ imitation of an action’ as a phrase in this context of tragedy mean so, under the light of the emphasis our instructor put on the chapter ‘the definiton of tragedy’ in ‘Aristotle’s Poetics’ reading that we were assigned to read and since I wanted my question to be cleared and I also wanted to understand the foundation of tragedy and prepare myself, base knowledge wise, for readings that were to come, I started my reading with that particular chapter. Through the chapter I partially understood, through my own reading without anyone’s help, the combination of artistic beauty of changing the places of the words, harmonious rhythms of songs that provide an emballishment to the ongoing play on the stage and the crucial components such as ‘the soul of tragedy’ and another component as important as the plot that I am not too confident about whether I absorbed its meaning and relation with other parts of a tragedy, that element is thought. I think through the chapter I found an answer to my question of what is imitation of an action, let me expand my question for beter understanding and my own answer through the information I gained through my reading . I think my question of what imitation of an action is pretty straightforward to understand, in literal base I know...
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