...but they fell to get this bill into play because there was a divide in the congress wants. The sequester came about because congress was required to vote on December 23, 2011 about cutting spending, but did not do so. Republicans and Democrats needed to agree to balanced spending reduction for the bill to be passed. If failed, which they did, the enforcement mechanism will began spending cuts starting in 2013 on March 1. It would split 50/50 between domestic and defense spending. The law protects some Social Security and Medicare benefits. Democrats wanted a mix of spending cuts and tax increases. House Democrats suggested trading the $85 billion in 2013 sequester cuts with a combination of tax increases, and the Senate Democrats also introduced the American Family Economic Protection Act which would have replaced the 2013 sequester with $110 billion in spending cuts and tax increases and both spread plans would spread out over the progression of a decade rather than hitting so hard in a year. Republicans insist that only spending cuts need to be made. House Republicans suggested the Spending Reduction Act of 2012 Budget would have replaced the 2013 defense sequester with a variety of spending cuts, including cuts to food stamps, the Affordable Care Act, and would have challenged the main promises of Medicare to our seniors, It could have minimum the size of the domestic sequester in proportion to the $19 billion. The President did not even stand for suggestions that would...
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...The Foreign U.S. Defense Industry: International Arms Sales Begin your paper with the introduction. The active voice, rather than passive voice, should be used in your writing. This template is formatted according to APA Style guidelines, with one inch top, bottom, left, and right margins; Times New Roman font in 12 point; double-spaced; aligned flush left; and paragraphs indented 5-7 spaces. The page number appears one inch from the right edge on the first line of each page, excluding the Figures page. U.S. Defense Industry Flees the Country Defense budgets peaked in FY 2010 and have been down about 10 percent in the past 2 years. Factor in the budget sequester for this year and the defense budget will have fallen 24 percent from their height during The War on Terror. The future does not look different. If the sequester remains, one can expect another roughly $500 billion to disappear from projected defense budgets over the next nine years. Oddly,...
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...Deficits, and Supply-side Economics | | Nathan Johnson | 5/5/2013 | | The past twenty years has seen a great shift in economics of this country. In the early 1990’s the U.S. economy was struggling and was a major topic of the previous presidential election. Fast forward twenty years and an economic boom and bust later, the presidential election again was based on a struggling economy. By taking a closer look at the policies and practices that took place in that span we might be able to find a better understanding of how our government can influence our economy. In the field of economics there are several varying sets of ideals of how policies should be implemented. Two of those groups are the Keynesian theorists and the monetary theorists. These two groups offer different perspectives of what is “right” in the world of economics. Each option provides its positives and negatives, but it is up to each economist to determine which negatives are worth giving up. The Keynesian theorists believe in correcting economic downturns with fiscal policy actions. Actions that would please Keynesian theorists would include changes in government spending, changes in the amount of taxes, and changes made to investments in long term productive growth. During the most recent fiscal crisis, these theorists were happy with the stimulus package that was created by the government. The government in 2009 introduced an economic stimulus package that increased government spending which caused...
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...Sequestration of 2013: Effects on Health Care Policy In the NIH, Medicare and CDC Written By Patricia Parrish Park University April 5, 2013 The largest concerns facing our president today are National healthcare reform and the budget. President Obama’s efforts over the past term have been caught at an impasse with a stale mate taking place between the political parties. As deadlines for budget cuts and proposals came and went without solution, certain budget tactics are put into place in order to control government spending. The most current tool is sequestering. Sequestration is a process of automatic, largely across-the-board spending reductions under which budgetary resources are permanently canceled to enforce certain budget policy goals (Spar, 2013). Because the health care system is such an immense part of the budget, healthcare will only come in second to the department of defense in the sizable amount of budget cuts (Levy, 2013). Many programs will be cut to include the National Institute of Health (NIH), Medicare, and the Center of Disease Control (CDC). The National Institute of Health’s budget is at $31 billion and will have to remove $1.5 billion from its funding. According to the NIH, this will slow scientific progress, delay clinical trials, and put a generation of young researchers at risk (Kaiser, 2013). Mikulski, senator of Maryland, fears that “the $1.5 billion cut at NIH will delay scientific projects, will make hundreds fewer research awards...
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...caps on discretionary spending through 2021, as an attempt to reduce the national deficit by more than $2.5 trillion. In 2011, Congress passed a law saying that if the parties cannot agree on methods to cut spending, about $1 trillion in automatic, arbitrary cuts would begin in 2013 (whitehouse.gov). The proposed cuts include a fixed 2% per year decrease of Medicare, cutting non-defense spending such as education by 7.8% in 2013 to 5.5% in 2021, and reducing defense spending to a total of $454 billion (Congressional Budget Office). In FY 2013, military spending accounted for 56.94% of discretionary spending (City Data). That astoundingly large fraction, coupled with the current administration’s shift towards a more hands-off foreign policy, and a survey that shows that 37% of Americans think the government is spending too much on defense, has unsurprisingly steered the government towards attempting to reviewing national defense spending (Gallup). There are 2 notable sub-divisions within the Department of Defense’s spending. Firstly, there is the Discretionary Base Budget, which includes costs such as personnel and operation fees, research, weapons procurement, and family housing, Secondly, there is the Discretionary Cap Adjustment, which...
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...Issues and Discovery Requests April 13, 2016 Introduction I going to research the FRCP (Federal Rules for Civil Procedures) and e-discovery as they pertain to email. I will also describe the rules governing the situation. I will also discuss how the rules specifically do or do not apply to the situation and make a recommendation of how the company should respond to the discovery request. I will then wrap it up with an overview of the IT field in the state of Virginia. IT position, companies, summary of jobs, education requirements and pay salaries. Rules governing the situation FRCP governs the collection of electronic stored documents, including email as evidence in a civil suits. All business needs to retain a data retention policy for relevant emails, electronically stored information (ESI), network logs and other virtually stored documents (Intradyn, 2016). The e-discovery amendments for FRCP cover five related areas (Gates, 2016). A. Definition of discoverable material – to acknowledge that electronically stored information is discoverable, this is meant to include any type of information that can be stored electronically (Gates, 2016). B. Early attention to issues relating to electronic discovery, including the format of production - it means that parties to address electronically stored information early in the discovery process, recognizing that such early attention is crucial in order to control the scope and expense of electronic discovery, and avoid discovery...
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...Naval Supply Center (NAVSUPP) in Mechanicsburg, Pa... It is my current place of employment and will serve as a representative sample for any Department of Defense (DOD) base in the United States. The base has various elements under its control such as where I work in Foreign Military Sales (FMS), a storage center for ship components called Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) and various other entities that support all kinds of weapon systems for the navy. Current Situation: I work in FMS which is funded by foreign countries, not the U.S. Government, for logistic support of weapon systems. The importance here is we will not be subject to any furloughs or cuts in pay or in any reduction of force as is the rest of DOD as a result of the sequester that is about to take place. The key point here is everyone else in DOD will lose 20% of their salary for 11-14 weeks. A lot of anger, jealousy and envy are therefore created. In 2012, the entire navy went to a one stop and shop, do all computer program called Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). It was a total shock toboth Active Duty and civilian navy personnel, in how it performs supply, human resources and asset control. Numerous legacy systems were shut down even though the systems were still reliable and all employees knew how they worked. In other words, it was shoved down everyone’s throats with little time to educate current employees on its use. An individual would be hard pressed to find anyone who neither likes the...
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...CARBON SEQUESTRATION AS A TOOL FOR CITY GREENING(A case study of Atunrase, a residential estate in metropolitan Lagos. ) *Williams, Fadera. A1, Adejumo, T.A2 1. Department of Architecture, Faculty of Environmental sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria. (faderawilliams@yahoo.com, +2347088772009.) 2. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria.(tadejumo@unilag.edu.ng, +2348034431439.) ABSTRACT Urban greening as a philosophy is a recent development in the Nigerian built environment. The dearth of green infrastructure in metropolitan Lagos is a typical example. This paper explores carbon sequestration as a tool for greening the urban areas with a view to creating sinks for emitted carbon generated by households in the Lagos metropolis. This study is underpinned by the green city concept. A random survey of household interviews were conducted within Atunrase estate, Gbagada, Lagos State. Domestic activities limited to the use of kerosene, P.M.S and butane (excluding influx of carbon emissions via vehicular sources or otherwise) were recorded and based on carbon emission coefficients for carbon emitting substances, the carbon content emitted by the use of these was calculated. The vegetation required to offset these carbon emissions generated was then estimated. The total amount of carbon generated within the estate is 176,904kg and it will be offset by planting trees, groundcover and shrubs...
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...2013 under current law is closer to 5% of GDP. Since the CBO figures are based on current law - meaning that they assume expiration of Bush era tax cuts, imposition of the budget sequester, this may be the source for the recent references to a potential fiscal tightening of about 3.5% of GDP in 2013. Adjusting for this legislation which adds $88 billion to the budget deficit in FY2012 and $26 billion in FY2013, the estimated fiscal tightening in FY2013 amounts to 4.0% of potential GDP rather than 3.6%. Second, and most importantly, almost all of the looming fiscal tightening takes effect on January 1, 2013. Thus, an estimate based on a fiscal year comparison will understate the magnitude of the change that the fiscal year runs from October to September. For example, according to the official arbiter on revenue estimating - the Congressional Joint Committee on Taxation (or JCT) - the payroll tax cut is worth $114 billion in CY2012, and this would go to zero in CY2013 if we assume the tax cut expires. The same sort of understatement will be evident for the Bush era tax cuts. Adjusting for this calendar distortion, an estimated fiscal tightening of 4% of GDP on a fiscal year basis is more like 5% on a calendar year basis using a simple extrapolation. We illustrate estimates of the thrust of fiscal policy on a fiscal year basis in order to be consistent with the manner in which the CBO presents its historical data. Also, it's worth noting that despite extension of the payroll tax...
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...the states and the central government are divided with the states sharing its powers with the local government. The powers given to the states and the national government are well defined by the constitution which guide such and help mitigate any conflict of interest. In the past, the states used to have almost an absolute power over education, public safety, consumer protection and environmental protection. Recently, such powers have been eroding due to the increasing role of the federal government in these areas which may be good or bad depending on who is being asked. The fact that the world is fast changing than it was decades or centuries ago due to the increased global threat in terrorism, implies that powers to dictate national policy be increased because of the constant gridlock between opposing parties in Washington. This will help to speed up the reaction time in case of any potential national security threat like 9/11. Some good examples had been the fight between the executive branch and the legislative over debt ceiling that led to the downgrading of America’s credit...
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...How Will Sequestration Affect Government Contracting? By Cory Sanders Sequestration is a process in which automatic, indiscriminate across-the-board budget cuts are imposed on government programs to force reductions in spending and meet budgetary goals established by statute. If sequestration does occur, $1.2 trillion in budget cuts will begin on January 2, 2013, and continue through the following nine years (FY 2021). Generally, sequestration spending cuts are divided equally between eligible defense and non-defense programs. There are, however, some domestic entitlement programs – Social Security, federal retirement programs and Medicaid – that are exempt from sequestration budget cuts. In addition, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) issued a decision on May 21, 2012, extending exemption from sequestration to U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) spending. In issuing its decision, the GAO determined that the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 exempted VA spending – with the exception of limited administrative expenses – from the impact of sequestration by overruling language within the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, which limited cuts on veterans’ medical care to 2%. The GAO decision affirmed an April 2012 opinion by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) which similarly concluded that sequestration budget cuts do not apply to VA spending. While not exempt from sequestration, other programs are limited to a fixed percentage...
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...Alex Glaser The Republican Party: Marxism Revisited During the interwar period Hendrik de Man said “the future is something which we have to create (Berman 117)” distancing himself from his Orthodox Marxist roots. This belief that people must take action to effect the changes they wish to see in the world is natural, yet Orthodox Marxist resisted this temptation for nearly half a century. In the early 20th century it became clear to many that Karl Marx’s ominous prediction of the downfall of capitalism was not going to occur, as capitalism is a dynamic market instrument that adapts to changing circumstances; the unified “proletariat” was not immerging, a middle class was growing, as were national identities. Europe's changing environment opened the door for new political parties to emerge, however many were afraid to abandon Orthodox Marxism. A cult like following emerged, where Marx became a god-like figure who’s predictions were followed religiously as if the world was predetermined. Malon, Brousse and others who began to split from strict Orthodox Marxism were ridiculed by the POF as “Possibilists” because they believed that the Republic offered alternative possibilities for the future; possibilities that did not involve the natural and inevitable rise of a unified proletariat to create a socialist revolution without the use of political action. In retrospect it seems absurd that people would believe there is a single natural state of the world that will inevitably...
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...Name Tutor Course Date Article 1 Strategies for economic prosperity Mark Whitehouse and Greg Ip. July 29, 2006. Economic growth Mark Whitehouse and Greg Ip in their article on economic growth explain on the price rise as well as on growth slow. Explains that during economic expansion, prices and wages are increasing, a potentially noxious mix for a Federal Reserve will try to contain inflation without triggering a recession. According to an advance estimate made by the commerce department economic activity slowed as a result of builders putting up fewer homes and consumers cutting on spending. Economists explain that slowing growth and rising prices will continue to complicate Fed’s task of deciding what level of interest rates is high enough to contain inflation. However, it’s not so high to slay out economic growth. Between April and June inflation grew at a rate of 2.5% whereas the core personal consumption index rose at an annualized rate of 2.9% in the second quarter. More so the level of worker’s wages and benefits rose at 3.6%. Once the Friday report was released investors took up the vision that Fed would be more likely give the economy a break by holding the interests steadily at 5.25%. This report confirmed the predictions of the economists that cooling house market as well as the consumer spending will take a bite out of economic growth. However, some economists had the hopes that business investment as well as improving the foreign trade would offset...
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...Historical Perspective: Immigration Reform and Gun Control Laws Leslie S. Purdy PAD510 Intro. Public Policy Analysis July 17, 2013 Dr. Phillip Neely Jr. Immigration is an issue at the heart of America. Today, with the exception of the few appropriately named Native Americans, every American is an immigrant or a descendent of an immigrant. In recent years the discussion of immigration policy in the United States has focused mainly around the regulation and selection of legal immigrants and the control and penalties regarding illegal immigrants. The historical perspectives of former President George H. W. Bush, and President Obama clearly shows how different the immigration issue is for republicans and democrats alike. Each party appears to be pro-immigration for varying reasons. President Bush found that during his time as governor of Texas that many immigrants entered the country through illegal means as a viable workforce. During his second term as President he also found that many Americans did not agree with giving undocumented immigrants a path to legal citizenship, and found it difficult to come up with a program for immigration reform. Some of former President Bush’s comprehensive immigration reform included: 1. Introduce a guest worker program, which would include a tamper-proof identification card 2. Enhance border security 3. Stricter immigration enforcement at businesses, which would reduce exploitation and help slow demand for illegal...
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...In a case study of office politics, Thomas Green of Dynamic Displays finds himself engrossed in drama as he struggles to meet the expectations of a boss whose power was superseded in his hiring. Green’s boss Frank Davis would have normally hired for Green’s position; Davis’ boss McDonald had hired Green instead. Although the case study advises the reader that McDonald warned Green that he would be in a “sticky situation” her intentions in putting him in the situation are ambiguous leaving the reader to make their own assumptions (Sasser & Beckham, 2008, p. 3). At best the reader can assume that McDonald’s agenda was to advance the company objectives and she felt that Green was the best new hire for the team although she must have known that he was not a team player. This hiring situation puts Green in an awkward position with Davis and off on a bad foot from the get go. Davis’s expectations were not only very different from what Green anticipated would be expected of him but it also seemed that Davis may have expected Green to perform better than what would have normally been expected considering the hiring circumstances. In addition to this subliminal expectation on the part of Davis, he also seemed to have a very different work style than Green. While Green wanted the freedom to be creative and go where he deemed best on any given day, Davis wanted Green to report frequently and post to his Outlook calendar whenever he changed his schedule (Sasser & Beckham, 2008...
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