...The Skeletal System The skeletal system is an internal skeleton and one of the four main body systems in the human body and is made up of cartilage, joints and bones which support and protect vital organs, for example: the rib cage protects the heart, lungs and liver. Most human skeletons have 206 bones in their body, however there are some exceptions and abnormalities where bones have naturally been fused together or extra bones have been found. There are also many diseases that affect the skeletal system such as: Brittle Bone Disease/Osteogenesis Imperfecta (this is a genetic disease which is triggered by a collagen abnormality, resulting in brittleness of the skeleton making it very easy to break and cause deformities) and Spina Bifida (this is also genetic and effects the spinal cord because it causes exposure of meninges, as a result of this condition the sufferers can develop learning difficulties and paralysis). When looking at the skeletal system it is easier to...
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...ANATOMY: Skeletal System is comprised of 206 individual bones in an adult human. The bones of Skeletal System are divided into two type i.e. * Axial Skeleton * Appendicular Skeleton Axial skeleton of the body contains 80 bones in the following regions. * Skull: Except for Mandible (lower jaw) it has 22 bones fused together. * Hyoid: It is the only bone not forming a joint with any other bone. It lies inferior to the Mandible. * Auditory Ossicles: Malleus, Incus and Stapes (bones of middle ear) are altogether known as Auditory Ossicles. These are smallest bones found inside the cavity of Temporal Bone * Ribs: There 12 pair of ribs together with sternum forming Ribcage. * Sternum: It is a thin knife shape bone situated along anterior side of Thoracic Region. * Vertebral Column: It is comprised of 26 vertebrae and are named by regions Cervical (7 bones), Thoracic (12 bones), Lumbar (5 bones), Sacrum (5 bones) and Coccyx (4 bones). Appendicular skeleton is comprised of 126 bones in the following regions. * Upper limbs contains bones of the upper arm. * Lower Limbs contains bones like Tibia and Fibula of Lower Leg and bones of feet. * Pelvic Girdle is formed of right and left Hip Bones * Pectoral Girdle consists of Left and Right Clavicles and Left and Right Scapulae. Occupying the 30% to 40% of body mass is comprised of non-living bone matrix and small bone cells. These bones cells allow following functions. * Growth...
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...The Skeletal System The Skeletal System is a very important part of your body and without it you would be a huge blob of skin and organs and tissues. It would actually be pretty gross. Without your bones you wouldn’t be able to walk, or write, or talk, or anything else. When you are born, you have about 300 bones made of mostly cartilage. Cartilage is a soft "mushy" substance that acts as a pad. As you reach adulthood the cartilage turns to bone, and some of your baby bones join together to form larger bones. By adulthood the average human being will have 206 bones in their body. The bones in your body do more than just stand you up and keep you looking good. God made the skeletal system, the network of bones inside of you, to do lots of other important things. Besides keeping you from flopping around like an octopus on the ground, let’s see what else your bones can do. The skeletal system has a few functions. One of the functions, and probably the most obvious is support. Your bones are well designed for bearing the weight of the body, cartilage provides firm but flexible support for structures such as the ears and nose, and ligaments hold the bones together. The second function is protection. Bone, as we all know, is hard, so it protects the organs it surrounds. The skull protects the brain, the ribcage protects several organs such as the heart and lungs. Our vertebral column protects our spinal cord. Our spinal cord is actually just as delicate as our brain, but in order...
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...1. What are the 4 basic functions does the skeleton provide? • It provides movement to our body, • The skeleton provides the protection to the internal organ • It provides movement to the body • It produces red blood cells. 2. What are the 2 types of bone tissue, where is each found and explain the differences between them? • Compact tissues Compact bone is denser than spongy bone. Compact bone is smooth and homogenous whereas spongy bone is composed of small needle like or flat pieces of bone called trabeculae and has much open space. And forms the protective exterior portion of all bones. • Spongy tissues Spongy tissues are very soft and it protects the bone/fatty marrow. And compact bone serves as a protector of the thing within it. 3. State the 4 types of bone. Describe each one, outline its function , and give an example of each? • Long bones Longs bones are strong, curved and wide. They found in legs, arms and include the femur, humerus, tibia and e.t.c. These bones work as levers and it helps to move our body parts. • Short bones Short bones are short, spongy and cube-shaped. These bones are covered with compact tissue and are found in the wrist, hands, knees, feet and ankles. More than half of the bones in the hands and feet are short bones. • Flat bones These bones are thin, flat and broad and have layers of compact tissue and a spongy layer in between them. The ribs, skull, sternum, pectoral girdle...
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...Skeletal Systems Assignment 1 Task 1 (AC 1.1 - Understand the general function of the skeletal system) 1. Describe how the skeleton provides support in the body 2. Describe how the skeleton provides protection in the body 3. Describe how the skeleton allows movement in the body 4. Describe the function of the skeleton in blood production 5. Describe the function of the skeleton in mineral storage 6. Describe the function of the skeleton in energy storage Task 2 (AC 1.2 Describe the organisation of the skeleton and categorise the bones of the axial and appendicular systems: AC 2.2 Categorise the different types of bone e.g. long, short, flat, sesamoid and irregular) 1. Complete the labels on the following diagram, identifying the bones and sections highlighted [pic] 2. Give the general function of the axial skeleton. Name 4 bones of this part of the skeleton and state why they belong to this category 3. Give the general function of the appendicular skeleton. Name 4 bones of this part of the skeleton and state why they belong to this category 4. Describe the general structure and function of long bones. Name 2 bones which fall into this category and state the features that place it in this category 5. Describe the general structure and function of short bones. Name 2 bones which fall into this category and state the features that place it in this category 6...
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...The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functions of Bones Support of the body Protection of soft organs Movement due to attached skeletal muscles Storage of minerals and fats Blood cell formation Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Two basic types of bone tissue Compact bone Homogeneous Spongy bone Small needle-like pieces of bone Many open spaces Figure 5.2b Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Figure 5.1 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Classification of Bones Long bones Typically longer than wide Have a shaft with heads at both ends Contain mostly compact bone Examples: Femur, humerus Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone Diaphysis Shaft Composed of compact bone Epiphysis Ends of the bone Composed mostly of spongy bone Figure 5.2a Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Structures of a Long Bone Periosteum Outside covering of the diaphysis Fibrous connective tissue membrane Sharpey’s fibers Secure periosteum to underlying bone Arteries Supply...
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...Intro to the Skeletal System. Chap 6: Bones are composed of several different tissues working together * osseous tissue * cartilage * dense connective tissue * epithelium * adipose tissue * nervouse tissue All of the bones and the cartilages, Functions: * supports soft tissues and provides attachment points for tendons of skeletal muscles * protects the most important internal organs * assists in movement by acting as levers for skeletal muscles * osseous tissue stores and releases minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorus * red marrow within bones produces blood cells * yellow marrow within bones stores triglycerides, a source of potential energy reserve Classification: -longbones -- greater length than width - short bones -- nearly equal in l & w - flat bones -- thin - irregular bones -- complex shapes - sesamoid bones -- shaped like a sesame seed Long bone anatomy: * -Regions of a long bone * Diaphysis (Shaft) * Medullay cavity (inside shaft) * 2 Epiphyses (proximal and distal) * 2 Metaphyses (join diaphysis and epiphysis with epiphyseal plate, or line once growth stops) * -Surface tissues * Endosteum * Periosteum * Articular cartilage * Osseous Tissue * -Extra cellular matrix of connective tissue * Water * Collagen fibers- gives property of flexibility and tensile strength * Crystallized mineral salts of hydroxyapatities – gives property...
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...The skeletal system is considered the “framework” of the body. Individual bones and groups of bones provide structural support and placement for attachment of soft tissues and muscles. The skeletal system is an essential component of life; without them, the individual could not perform basic tasks or functions, could not walk, and could not exist in the form that it does today. The skeletal system offers protection for the body’s internal organs, produces blood cells, and acts as a storage container for calcium. Furthermore, delicate tissues and organs are often surrounded by skeletal structures for protection. The skeletal system is typically divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton runs along the median axis of the body and includes the skull, hyoid, auditory ossicles, 24 ribs, sternum and the vertebral column. The skull is comprised of 8 cranial bones, and 14 facial bones. The cranial bones are flat and consist of the frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, 2 parietal bones and 2 temporal bones. These are connected by immovable, fibrous joints called sutures. The facial bones include the vomer, the mandible and two of each of the following: maxillary, palatine, nasal, inferior nasal conchae, zygomatic and lacrimal bones. The vertebral column is composed of irregular bones called vertebrae, which are connected by cartilaginous joints known as intervertebral disks. There are seven cervical or neck vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and...
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...Human Body System Research Skeletal System Functions: The Skeletal system performs vital functions; supports movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage and endocrine regulation. That enables the human body to survive. Main Parts / Structures and Functions: The skeleton is divided into two major parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body and includes skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton includes the appendages, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs. Example of Cell Specialization: Osteoprogenitor Cells: Osteoprogenitor cells are immature cells that are mainly based in the bone marrow (a soft fatty substance in the...
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...Structure of the Skeletal System Axial Skeleton: Altogether there are 80 bones in the axial skeleton, these 80 bones provide support and protection for the main area of the body. The axial skeleton is made up of bones such as the, skull (which provides protection for the brain). thorax(which protects the heart, lungs, esophagus, and big vessels such as the aorta and venae cavae of the thorax. vertebral column(which mainly protects the spinal cord). If we didn’t have these bones our major organs would be at constant risk of becoming damaged and causing serious harm to ourselves. Appendicular Skeleton: The human appendicular skeleton is made up of 126 bones and are the bones of the upper limbs, the lower limbs, the pectoral...
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...The skeletal system is made up of 206 bones. There are many conditions and diseases that can affect our bones, short term and long term, including; arthritis, osteoporosis and bone cancer just to name a few. “Bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilage make up the skeletal system. …The skeletal system protects the internal organs such as the brain and heart,” says Aubri John of the Live Strong organization. One disease that affects the skeletal system is arthritis. Arthritis is commonly found in elderly people because as the body ages the bones start to become more brittle. “The breakdown of cartilage in this form of arthritis leads to the bones rubbing together, causing stiffness, pain and eventual loss of movement in the joint…The cause of arthritis...
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...tibia, fibulae, metatarsals and phalanges. The short bones include the carpal and tarsal bones, patellae, and sesamoid bones. The flat bones are made of the skull, mandible, scapulae, sternum, and ribs. And finally, irregular bones are composed of vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, and hyoid bone. The skeleton system provides structural support, protect vital internal organs and structures, provide maintenance of mineral homeostatic and acid-base balance, and permit movement and locomotion by providing levers for the muscles. Long bones in the skeleton system are composed of hollow shaft, or diaphysis; flared, cone-shaped metaphysis located below the growth plates; and rounded epiphysis located above the growth plates. The diaphysis is made primarily of dense cortical bone, the metaphysis and epiphysis in the other hand are mainly made of trabecular meshwork of bone surrounded by a relatively thin cortical bone.67...
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...The practice of yoga connects us to the muscular-skeletal system in a dynamic and fundamental manner. The muscular-skeletal system is comprised bones, cartilage, muscle, fascia, tendons, ligaments, and scar tissue. These connective tissues are key components to our flexibility, and connect to the other systems of our body in major and minor ways. Muscle includes both the central fleshy part and its surrounding tendons. The central/belly part of the muscle is composed of individual muscle fibers, which are surrounded by connective tissue that connect to a tendon. The tendon then connects the belly of the muscle to a bone. A muscle usually operates on a movable joint such as a hinge or ball and socket, and when a muscle is stimulated to...
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...The beginning of the Chicken Leg Dissection Lab was a chicken leg placed on the tray. The fibula and the tibia bone of the chicken’s leg was dissected for this lab. On the outside of the leg, it had bumpy skin, had white spots which is probably the cartilage, ligament, and the fat. And the bone was also shown. The muscle was exposed on one of the sides. We soon begin the procedure. The skin and fascia was cuted by a scissor and pulled down gently to the bottom of the leg. We then examine the meat or also know as the muscle. It was smooth and was pink and red. Cutting through the meat, the tendons was shown. It was strong, white, and like a sturdy string. After all the meat was cut off and pulled down to the bottom of the bone, the bone was...
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...and Physiology I Shemika Spraggins Kaplan University Introduction: Skeletal System and Digestive System The Human body is one the most complex organism that is made up of several systems that all work together to keep all of us alive. Amount these systems are: The skeletal System and Digestive System. The Skeletal System has two hundred and six bones that protect the body’s organs, provide central support and attachment for muscles movement throughout the body. This system plays an important function in the...
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