...reelection campaign. The massive project is funded by Chinese billionaire Wang Jing, and controversy surrounding the proposal has prompted a number of stakeholders on either side to speak out. Proponents of the project view the canal as a mechanism to bolster the country’s economy through increased foreign investment, free-market trade, and the creation of thousands of jobs for Nicaragua’s citizens. Opponents of the canal point to the drastic environmental impacts of the construction, as well as the resulting number of displaced locals, among a number of other concerns as reasons to prevent the project from occurring. Ultimately, the sociopolitical and economic ramifications of the Nicaraguan Canal provide important insight into the roles of globalism, neo-liberal politics, and changing fiscal policy in reshaping contemporary Nicaragua, as well as Latin America as a whole. In The Anthropology of Latin America and the Caribbean, Sanabria offers multiple interpretations of the phenomenon of globalism, suggesting that globalism is “a wide ranging economic and cultural process swiftly connecting in manifold and intricate ways peoples, cultures, and societies through the globe” (Sanabria, 2016). In the context of the Nicaraguan Canal, the effects of globalization are immediately evident in the funding sources for the project. Wang is the head of HKND, a transnational company that is spearheading the proposed construction. Daley touches upon the mystery surrounding the company’s interest in...
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...Essay Topic: Are the economic, social and environmental implications of the Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve Management Plan 2014 – 2024 on local communities and the fishing industry justifiable? Next year, on July 1, the world's largest marine reserve will come into effect. The Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve Management Plan 2014 -2024 is the culmination of more than a decade of campaigning by conservationists, consultation by the Federal Government and vehement opposition by industries and regional communities affected by the decision. On one hand, conservationists believe the nearly one million km² of ocean inside the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone will protect forever the pristine marine ecosystems of the Coral Sea - an iconic statement by the Australian government and its people that it's serious about marine conservation. However, the closure of some of Australia's richest fishing grounds will directly impact on commercial fishers and game charter operators, seafood distributors and wholesalers and other shore-based industries in regional ports such as Cairns. Many of these people claim the outcome has been achieved by the government based on emotive scaremongering campaign driven by a cashed-up environmental lobby without scientific basis. So, who is right? In a community where the local economy has become so reliant on the dominant tourism industry, isn't the marine park sending the right message to the rest of the world about its iconic natural wonders...
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...How do residents from the Brooklyn area survive gentrification? Introduction Neighborhoods can change in many different forms by social polarization, political factors, and integration of new neighbors or departure of long-time folks. These changes around a specific area are sum up as gentrification. The renewal of neighborhood environments that transform and attract middle and upper-class households and investors, creating problems for those who cannot afford rises of rents. However, what cause some dwellers to remain in their homes despite the rise of property values? Or how lower-class populations persist in gentrified zones? With the aid of federal and government institutions, low-income characters would not be able to continue living in their homes. Even though the process of restoration can result in the increase of the cost of life, some dwellers opt to remain in Green Point, Brooklyn because they enforce a number of methods, such as Section 8, Low Interest Rate programs and rent regulation, to fight displacement. Definition Generally speaking, gentrification is a two-edge process that usually pushes long-time dwellers from a neighborhood as the upgrading or improvement of the urban environment takes place around this specific neighborhood. In other words, residents opt to move out of the neighborhood because of the rise of rents, property value, and the renovation of the stock housing, which usually ends up with the replacement of the lower class with the middle to...
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...to come to grips with the specter of continued population growth in much of the developing world and continued depletion of natural resources everywhere. In particular, four challenges loom: Continuing the downward trend in population growth, reaching replacement–level fertility as soon as possible; stemming the hemorrhage of biological diversity; reducing non-sustainable consumption patterns; and mitigating the worst effects of global climate change. Furthermore, to ensure that the future generation is not deprived of its resources the impact of population growth on the resources has to be recognized. Thus, it is right to say that there is a relationship between the behavior of population variables and sustainable development. Therefore, the aim of this essay is to clearly state my position as a Demographer, how I would harness the integration of Population Variables towards sustainable Development. The essay will give definition to key terms in it such as Population and Sustainable Development and at its end a conclusion is given based on what is discussed in the essay. Snelson (1974) defied population as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area. Members of a population often rely on the same resources, are subject to similar environmental constraints, and depend on the availability of other members to persist over time. In other words the United Nations (2010) defined population as the total number of people living in a given...
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...IMPACTS OF GROWING POPULATION IN MT. MATUTUM PROTECTED LANDSCAPE ROLANDO T. VISAYA & JOCIEL M. TECSON Students ERM - 216 Submitted to: MARIE ANTONETTE S. PAŇA, MSc ERM ERM 216 – DYNAMICS OF POPULATION, RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENT University of Southeastern Philippines, Obrero, Davao City ERM 216– DYNAMICS OF POPULATION, RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENT ROLANDO T. VISAYA, JOCIEL M. TECSON TERM PAPER I. Executive Summary Increasing population is contributing serious environmental threat on all component of the natural environment particularly on Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL). Impact of man’s activities on all component of the natural environment on MMPL particularly the effect of increasing population, resource exploitation, and industrial advancement. Matutum is one of the vital ecosystems that significantly fuels the economy of the SOCSKSARGEN (South Cotabato-Sultan Kudarat-SaranganiGeneral Santos City) growth corridor of Southeastern Mindanao and of Region XII. Its forest resource provides invaluable benefits from various wood based products for both domestic and export consumption. The plant and animal species found in the forests offer vast potentials as renewable sources of food, fiber, medicine and materials for industrial uses while its natural features provide aesthetics and recreation. It is an important watershed serving as headwater and catchment of several major drainages in the area. It supplies 25 percent of the water requirement...
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...PART III TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS 7 The role of transnational corporations in the globalisation process Grazia Ietto-Gillies1 1. Introduction Globalisation is a complex phenomenon which is more in the nature of a process than a state of affairs. There have been several attempts at definition (McGrew, 1992; Oman, 1996; Castells, 1996; Giddens, 1999; Held et al. 1999).2 Most definitions boil down to the fact that globalisation is both a process of geographical/spatial outreach and of an increased degree of interconnectedness and interdependence between people, groups and institutions based in different countries of the world. As a process of spatial outreach it is not new and has long historical antecedents (Held et al., 1999). Nonetheless it is argued in this chapter that the current process is considerably different from any previous process of outreach. One of the major differences is seen in the role that transnational corporations (TNCs) play in the globalisation process. The chapter proceeds in section 2 with an analysis of the salient characteristics of the globalisation process. The third section considers the role of TNCs in cross-border transactions. Section 4 develops the argument that the TNCs are a dominant cause of the globalisation process. Section 5 considers the wider policy implications of this perspective and the last section concludes. 2. Salient characteristics of globalisation The current globalisation process is characterised by both qualitative and...
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... Introducing Economic Development: A Global Perspective & Comparative Economic Development Absolute Poverty: a situation of being unable to meet the minimum levels of income, food, clothing, healthcare, shelter and other essentials. (over 40% of the world’s population lives on less than 2 dollar per day). Subsistence Economy: an economy in which production is mainly for personal consumption and the standard of living yields little more than basic necessities of life—food, shelter and clothing. (A subsistence economy is a non-monetary economy which relies on natural resources to provide for basic needs, through hunting, gathering, and subsistence agriculture. "Subsistence" means supporting oneself at a minimum level; in a subsistence economy, economic surplus is minimal and only used to trade for basic goods, and there is no industrialization.) Development：The process of improving the quality of all human lives and capabilities by raising people’s levels of living, self-esteem, and freedom. Developing countries: Countries of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, eastern Europe, and the former Soviet Union, that are presently characterized by low levels of living and other development deficits. Used in the development literature as a synonym for less developed countries. Traditional economics: An approach to economics that emphasize utility, profit maximization, market efficiency, and determination of equilibrium. Political economy: The attempt...
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... INTRODUCTION This report aims at facilitating the company’s decision-making process concerning the consideration of expanding its international operations in food retailing to South Africa. The overall competitiveness and investment attractiveness will be based on the extended version of Porter’s National Diamond and supplemented with key management issues of South Africa food retail industry, to which the company can tailor its strategy. The analysis recommendations will be made, that need to be considered by the company before deciding in opening its operations in South African food retail industry. Brief Summary of South Africa Food Retail Industry |South Africa, a growing retail market with a population of around 49 million people, possesses a modern infrastructure supporting relatively | |efficient distribution of goods to urban centres, townships and rural areas throughout South Africa and Southern Africa (Ntloedibe, 2010). South | |Africa have been identified among the ten new markets most likely to appeal to multinational store groups, along with four other African countries -| |Algeria, Kenya, Morocco and Nigeria (Ventures Africa, 2012). | | | |5 Largest Retailers In South Africa ...
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...Draft Proposal on Impact Assessment of Urban Agriculture Research and Development in Nairobi By William Omoto Department of Research Development Nairobi Kenya 1. INTRODUCTION Background Kenya’s leading development challenges today include alleviation of poverty and environmental management in the context of rapid population growth and urbanization. Kenya’s population was 28.6 million people in 1999 and is expected to reach 43 million in the year 2020. According to the government statistics, the national level of absolute poverty increased from 44% in 1992 to 56% in 2002 (GoK 2002). Nairobi has registered the highest rate of urbanization (4.5%) with a population of 2.2m in 2000 projected to reach 3.2m in the year 2010. About 50% of people in Nairobi live below the absolute poverty line of Ksh. 2 648. As the urbanization trend continues, urban environments are deteriorating. Most of the urban poor are concentrated in the informal settlements where there are no infrastructure and services to address environmental problems and are engaged in urban agriculture. One of the biggest policy challenges today is the inclusion of environmental policy into urban policy. UPA can be an integral part of a set of policies for sustainable urban environmental management. Urban AF can play an especially vital role in waste management by transforming waste into food and fuel. Waste management approaches in place include waste collecting, sorting, treatment and recycling...
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...ongoing process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a globe-spanning network of communication and exchange. The term is sometimes used to refer specifically to economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. However, globalization is usually recognized as being driven by a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural, political, and biological factors. The term can also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages, or popular culture. Definitions An early description of globalization was penned by the American entrepreneur-turned-minister Charles Taze Russell who coined the term 'corporate giants' in 1897. However, it was not until the 1960s that the term began to be widely used by economists and other social scientists. It had achieved widespread use in the mainstream press by the later half of the 1980s. Since its inception, the concept of globalization has inspired numerous competing definitions and interpretations. The United Nations ESCWA has written that globalization "is a widely-used term that can be defined in a number of different ways. When used in an economic context, it refers to the reduction and removal of barriers between national borders in order to facilitate the flow of goods, capital, services and labour... although considerable barriers remain to the...
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...Welcome to the United Nations. It's your world. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Sign in ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form | | | | | Bottom of Form Or click to sign in with your Facebook account Forgot password? ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form | | | | | Bottom of Form Create new account ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form | | | | | | Code not readable? Change code. | | | | | | Bottom of Form Questions? Contact us here Sign in/Create account ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Search Bottom of Form Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform Home SDGs & Topics HLPF Processes & UN System Stakeholder Engagement News About Click on goals to show targets and topics related to the Sustainable Development Goals as defined in Transforming Our World - the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form Expand all Goals End poverty in all its forms everywhere Relevant Topics Poverty eradication targets 1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according...
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...The terms ‘imperialism’, defines the dynamics of a long-term process of social change and transformation, together with associated class struggles and also to establish hegemony over the world system.1 The old imperialism rise in the late 19th century as direct consequences of industrial capitalism and engaged Europe, the US and Japan in a competitive struggle for markets and territorial control. 2 Actually, structures of exploitation mean exploit a country by using certain level of strategies. In old imperialism, firstly they enter a country by colonized them, secondly they produced and exported manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials, minerals and other industrial inputs or consumer commodities their colonies. Imperialist dominated all the resources in colonial countries where this is way allowing them to accumulate capital3 via ‘unequal exchange 4and unequal development. According to James Petras, there are no differences in new imperialism and old imperialism. But there are some differences, which are in new imperialism, there more focus on development as a form of imperialism. There is still existing of structure exploitation in new imperialism where developing countries are dominated by multinational corporations. In addition, most developing countries where introduced and practice the neo-liberalism system which is also a part of structure exploitation. Neo-liberalism benefited and makes richer the capitalist as much as possible while the developing countries remain...
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...The terms ‘imperialism’, defines the dynamics of a long-term process of social change and transformation, together with associated class struggles and also to establish hegemony over the world system.[1] The old imperialism rise in the late 19th century as direct consequences of industrial capitalism and engaged Europe, the US and Japan in a competitive struggle for markets and territorial control. [2] Actually, structures of exploitation mean exploit a country by using certain level of strategies. In old imperialism, firstly they enter a country by colonized them, secondly they produced and exported manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials, minerals and other industrial inputs or consumer commodities their colonies. Imperialist dominated all the resources in colonial countries where this is way allowing them to accumulate capital[3] via ‘unequal exchange [4]and unequal development. According to James Petras, there are no differences in new imperialism and old imperialism. But there are some differences, which are in new imperialism, there more focus on development as a form of imperialism. There is still existing of structure exploitation in new imperialism where developing countries are dominated by multinational corporations. In addition, most developing countries where introduced and practice the neo-liberalism system which is also a part of structure exploitation. Neo-liberalism benefited and makes richer the capitalist as much as possible while the developing...
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...fashionable buzz-word. It is quite often said but seldom with the same meaning. Globalisation has been an important factor in accelerating democracy’s growth in recent decades. In this globalized world, rapid development and global proliferation of new technologies and telecommunications, and integration of the world economy through trade and investment, have increased the role and power of regional and global institutions. This promoted and strengthened the spread of democracy while also providing the leverage for good governance. Globalisation impacts on the mode of governance that a country operates either as a symbol of universality or for uniformity. This unstoppable trend has homogenised governance on a global scale while depicting authoritarianism as unproductive political modernity. The concepts- globalisation and (good) governance have dominated international discourse for sometime now. The conceptual ambivalence and ambiguity that hover around them, however, are owing to their multidimensional and multifarious perspectives. Definitions Good Governance Before defining good governance, it is pertinent to define governance in order to use it as a point of departure to fully understand good governance. According to WB governance is the “manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s social and economic resources for development”. According to ESCAP governance simply means “the process of decision making and the process by which decisions are...
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...MODULE 1 (Sarah Prady) Identifying Global Business Opportunities Global Business Opportunities We are a construction company that focuses on the future of the environment as well as people all over the world. We have a lot of experience, passion, and knowledge about constructing homes that are energy and meet the universal green standards. Our core business consists of constructing “green” homes for people to purchase in hopes to live a more eco friendly lifestyle in order to help save our planet and our future. Potential Markets Although there are several markets available all over the world right now, we are currently focusing our energy and attention on expanding and developing overseas in Russia. Unfortunately Russia is very advanced already and has recently begun to expand their business’s efforts towards reaching the consumers within the “green” market. Russia currently has one company that is already succeeding within this field due to the fact that they are local from the country, start up cost are high and equipment is more accessible. However, given the current economical conditions anything is possible and any business can be successful to those willing to take risks. Absolute and Comparative Advantage I would not say that Russia has a comparative or absolute advantage overall. We both have the equal resources and opportunities to gather materials necessary, we are both large in size, and we both have the same advances and availability of technological...
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