...In the 19th Century women were treated significantly different than how they are treated today. During the 19th Century most women were believed to fill specific roles and were expected to act a certain way. The awakening is a book that greatly focuses on some women who submit to these roles as well as some women who broke these roles. The Awakening by Kate Chopin, written in the 19th century, is a great example of what roles women were supposed to fill and it has many female characters that exemplify these roles, which include being a mother-woman, being submissive to their husbands, and being free from the appearance of immorality. In the 19th century there was a huge emphasis on being a good wife to your husband and being a caring mother...
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...During the 15th-19th centuries, art was considered to be a subject of superiority and was generally created by men. Because of this, stereotypes and social norms in regards to women were inferred and asserted. The art created during this period was affected by a phenomenon known as the ‘male gaze’, which is paramount in constructing ideal portrayals of women. With reference to the male gaze, women are depicted through these paintings as entirely existing to be viewed by men. On the topic of the male gaze, John Berger (cited in Ways of Seeing, p. 64) states that ’the "ideal" spectator is always assumed to be male and the image of the woman is designed to flatter him’. Not only was art in this time primarily created by men, it was also created...
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...Calisthenics employed democratic rhetoric to motivate the idea that the self-improvement of women through regular, controlled exercise would better the nation as a whole. By taking this approach, calisthenics both upheld gendered stereotypes while simultaneously threatening the distinction between the public and private domains. Framing exercise as necessary for Republican Motherhood places calisthenics in conversation with the cult of domesticity. Women were expected to maintain their fitness for the sake of those around them; it would supposedly make them better equipped to serve as birthers and caregivers. These assumptions accordingly reinforced the patriarchal structure of the home by cementing the domestic roles and responsibilities of...
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...that sexism is the general phenomenon in which females become “domesticated women”, or workhorses for men. Rubin wrote her influential essay The Traffic in Women in 1975, yet her definitions of sex, gender, and sexism are still applicable today. The issues that Rubin addressed are demonstrated in particular in today’s media, which reinforces gender inequality and objectification, through the depiction of women as hyper-sexualized, weak, and unskilled. This negative depiction of women exists especially in the gaming community, in which many have criticized the negative portrayal of women as sexist and severely problematic. Video games like Grand Theft Auto and Red Dead Redemption portray women in an almost exclusively violent and sexualized manner, which serves to reinforce the never-ending sexism and gender biases that society has upheld for centuries. Society as a whole can change the perception of gender and how women are perceived, but leaps towards progressive ideas need to be made first, starting with the video game industry as a whole. Throughout history, women’s roles have primarily been domestic – staying home and being responsible for the care of her husband and children. As Warnke points out (4), this is not a result of sex but, rather of gender. Society, culture, and especially economics have been the primary driver behind the reinforcement of gender stereotypes particularly for women. Joan Wallach Scot’s analysis of French garment jobs during the 1840’s serves...
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...public health challenges of the current century is HIV/AIDS, which kills millions of people worldwide each year. In developed nations, there has been a reduced death rate from the disease due to increased access to antiretroviral therapy which has been very successful in prolonging the lives of those infected with HIV. In developing nations, there is less access to this treatment because of the lack of technology the nations possess, and due to the high costs associated with the treatment. There are different theories of public health and disease causation that changed from the 19th to 20th to now 21st century, which influenced and can explain certain policies that were made for handling HIV/AIDS. Policymaking for this deadly virus also came with the stigmatization of certain groups of people, and these stereotypes about people with HIV/AIDS even hampered policymaking to an extent. “The Age of AIDS” is a PBS Frontline documentary that looks into the disease and the public health response to it, showing how all of this really worked. There are many theories of disease causation that influenced public health policies in the 19th, 20th, and 21st century. In the 19th century, there was the supernatural theory, the personal behavior theory, the miasma theory, and the contagion theory. The supernatural theory was the idea that God caused diseases when he was unhappy with the human race. This theory started when the Black Plague of the 14th century killed close to...
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...2013 Hedda Gabler and “The Trapped Woman” in the 19th Century Appearances can be deceiving. Hedda Gabler, the great story of an aristocratic woman, smart, and somewhat off her rocker, takes us into the personal life of a woman by the married name of Hedda Tesmen. Through analysis and research of the story though, we can see the author is trying to show us something further from what it seems. Henrik Ibsen, the writer of Hedda Gabler, seems to not be telling us the personal story of the woman Hedda Tesman, but showing us the faults of society for that time period in terms of the roles of women. “The Trapped Woman”, is a term I will use to describe the role of “The Woman” in the late 19th Century. Henrik Ibsen appears to be showing us through Hedda’s life that no matter the apparent strength or background of a woman during the 19th century, they are still trapped in a way which forbids them to be who they truly are. Hedda Tesman, as described early on in the play, due to her background and personality, should in no way be anything but in complete control over her life. As stated by Aunt Julle, “General Gabler’s daughter. What a life she had in the general’s day!” (Ibsen). This statement in the beginning of the play almost immediately foreshadows her unhappy life in her current state. Due to the roles of women for that time period, she is just the representation of all women in her situation at the time. Women in the 19th century had very minimal rights. When a woman becomes married...
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...Stereotype Paper Leona Wolford PHI 103: Informal Logic Erik Hudak December 17, 2012 A stereotype is a generalization that people make about the characteristics of another person or group of people. I have stereotyped against other people and have been stereotyped by others. Stereotypes are created about people of specific cultures, races, gender or sexual orientation. A professor from the University of Toronto, Scarborough, Dr. Michael Inzlicht, indicated that “past studies have shown that people perform poorly in situations where they feel they are being stereotyped” (Kemick, 2010, para. 2). The first stereotype I will discuss is about African Americans. They have many stereotypes. The first common stereotype is that they’re all athletic. The argument for this stereotype could be: Michael Jordan was a talented basketball player Jerry Rice was one of the best wide receivers in the NFL Joe is African American, therefore, he must be a talented athlete The fallacy we see in this argument is hasty generalization. Our text states that the “fallacy of hasty generalization is committed when the conclusion is based on insufficient information: a generalization is made too quickly” (Mosser, 2011, p. 4.2). The assumption that Joe is a talented athlete just because of his racial background and color does not provide enough evidence to substantiate and prove the claim. Joe may not be athletic whatsoever, and may be more of a bookworm or be involved in activities other...
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...Other minority representations in the media Latino portrayals in the media has been painted in a bad light for a while now. Historically they have also been ignored to a huge extent, and when they were portrayed it was through offensive stereotypes. They have been excluded from most American Media. This is evidence is backed by “The Annenberg School of Cultural Communicators Project which found that between the years of 1969 to 1978 only 2.5% of primetime television characters were Hispanic”. The reason why this figure means is so significant is because that figure is behind other minorities like the African American population who are comprised of 8.5% of primetime television characters. There was another study that was conducted by “The...
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...The image of Muslim Arab women is predominantly exotic, passive, veiled, and subjugated victim-women; they are represented as impersonal objects of stereotypes that steadily perpetuate cultural prejudices. This view is based and started, in part, by a number of “travellers’ stories” written by European visitors to Ottoman territories during the 17th 18th and 19th century. The institution of the harem was, without a doubt, one of the most overstated and misinterpreted aspects of the 19th century Middle East. Western society often viewed and described the East in sexual terms. When harems were referred by men travellers, women’s voices were not present or at worse, they were filtered by Western men imagination and prejudices. In addition, when female voices are highlighted in women traveler’s writings, during the Victorian Era, are...
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...At the time most of the Asian actors played negative roles that perpetuated stereotypes. In the media, Asian men were never assigned roles that depicted them in a relationship with a Caucasian female, while on the other hand; the majorities of Asian female’s roles were sexual and portrayed them simply as a temporary object for white men. These negative opinions had a negative impact on society. Statistics showed that marriage between an Asian man and a white woman reduced greatly, but the opposite was seen in Asian women. Somehow, Asian women were stereotyped only as exotic and passive, which caused a lot of sexual harassment for Asian American women. The media somehow made Asian women seem less human, like they were objects and would be able to be subjected to sexual harassment and...
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...HREQ 1700 MID –TERM REVIEW SETTLER COLONY: Were colonies that settled or move to a new country, colony or a “new world”. This settlement was an important characteristic of colonialism in the 19th century. In the development of the course settler colonies especially European settlers affected the live of First Nations Women in Canada, in terms of their culture, lifestyle, family organization, and religion. European colonies devaluated native population with regulations like the Indian Act. DIFFICULT KNOWLEDGE Knowledge that often challenges the dominant ideology, which is difficult to accept and we reject it and its source, or we embrace it without a critical evaluation. DIASPORA Comes from the Greek term “diasperin”, Used to refer to any ethnic population forced or induced to leave their original homelands. Also people who leave their homelands to find work or search for asylum. An example of diaspora in the topics cover in the course is the high amount of Chinese population who came to Canada to work. They weren’t forced, rather they chose to start a new life in a new place. Also, during WWII, the boats of Jewish who came to Canada looking for asylum. This term have helped me gaining knowledge about the migration of different ethnic population to Canada during the 19th and 20th century. THERE IS NOTHING OBJECTIVE ABOUT OBJECIVITY Objectivity means to have a neutral position in a specific topic or issue. Been objective is not possible because any ideology or thought always...
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...Black face was the most popular entertainment in the 19th century. Black face was a play of stereotypes towards African Americans. These plays were not made to hurt anyone feelings but to laugh about what the white people misinterpret the stereotypes the white people created about African Americans. This was very popular because the play was a comedy. It gave the audience chance to take part in the play and both white and black performers have different roles. It gave the white performers the chance to pretend to be black. Freak shows were also an entertainment during this time. People found it very interesting and unusual. Both white and black people performed in Blackface but they did not allow black people to perform without blackface make...
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...Being employed was a necessity in order to survive, prosper, and ultimately defined your social class for Victorians in the 19th century. Employment impacted the lives of Victorian men, women, and children. However, the acceptance of women working commenced a change in Victorian stereotypes and gender roles. Professions initiated a change in society’s view of women in the Victorian Era. There were many types of professions available for Victorian women as time progressed. Employed women were faced with new challenges by society and in the workforce. These new challenges were a result of women becoming more independent and the fact that they were breaking gender role boundaries of Victorian society. Duties were divided by gender ever since...
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...Redefining Stereotype in Mormonism Primary sources are the priceless eyes and ears that our future descendants will have when they look to consider our ways, habits, and deeds. When one considers conditions of 19th century or before, one has even fewer primary sources on which to lean. Narrative accounts are often the only source of information for the historian, and so a crucial skill can be the interpretation, and deciphering, of the biases of the original writer. In Female Lives among Mormons, Ward gives the audience a rare insight to the reclusive livelihood and the beginnings of the Mormons Church. The autobiography portrays the culture and values that the Mormons initially practice are against American ideals. From the account of Ward, who lived through the beginnings of Mormonism, the common prejudice and stereotype of Mormonism in modern America is justifiable. One century later, David Brion Davis argued in Some Themes of Counter-Subversion that nativist writing is a common reflection of apparent religious intolerance in nineteenth century America, but he did not take into account that it is an autobiography. He argues that the reason why Mormon is prejudiced because it is “shrouded with secrecy, deemed extraneous forces that are allegedly threatening the heritage of Republican Ideology.” (Davis 209) He also contends that the members themselves are not “individually evil but they were blinded and corrupted by ideology that justified treason and gross immorality.” (Davis...
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...other, and the most common misunderstandings that arise AMERICANS don't know much about China. What they do know comes from three main sources: movies, the news, and history classes. This can be a sensitive subject, and I do not wish to offend anyone - my goal is only to give you an overview of American stereotypes of China. Just as I have encountered many stereotypes that the Chinese have of America (some accurate, some absurd, some insulting), one can similarly encounter American stereotypes of China in the US. - All Chinese know kungfu and dress like Huang Feihong. (Source: Jet Li, Jackie Chan, and Bruce Lee [Li Xiaolong] movies). - Anything to do with China is "ancient" and "mysterious." (Source: the fact that Chinese language seems to be made up of "mysterious symbols" to Western eyes, movies about Chinese history). - All Chinese are "brainwashed" into worshipping Chairman Mao and can't think independently. (Source: studying the Cultural Revolution in high school history classes.) - "Guangdonghua" (Cantonese) is the official language of China. (Source: Hong Kong movies, Chinese-American immigrants who came to the US from Guangdong and Hong Kong during the 19th and 20th centuries). - Chinese culture is basically the same today as it was 1,000 years ago (eg, "traditional, conservative, polite," etc.). (Source: studying Chinese history without being familiar with modern China). - In China, no one can express any idea that isn't approved by Chairman Mao - if you do express an "unapproved"...
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