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The Stock Market Crash

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THE GREAT DEPRESSION

AND

THE STOCK MARKET CRASH

An Introduction
The stock market crash
The stock market was created on 1792 to allow stocks and bonds to be traded “bought and sold”.
A “stock market crash” is the steep fall of the prices of stocks due to widespread financial panic.
America experienced an era of great peace and prosperity during the 1920s. After World War I, the so-called “Roaring Twenties” economic and cultural boom was fueled by industrialization and the popularization of new technologies such as radio and the automobile. Air flight was becoming common as well.
The Dow stock average soared throughout the Roaring Twenties and many investors aggressively purchased shares, comforted by the fact that stocks were thought to be extremely safe by most economists due to the country’s powerful economic boom. Investors soon purchased stocks on margin, which is the borrowing of stock for the purpose of gaining financial leverage. For every dollar invested, a margin user would borrow nine dollars worth of stock. The use of leverage meant that if a stock went up 1%, the investor would make 10%. Unfortunately, leverage also works the other way around and amplifies even minor losses.
In 1929, the Federal Reserve raised interest rates several times in an attempt to cool the overheated economy and stock market. On Thursday, October 24th 1929, a spate of panic selling occurred as investors began to realize that the stock boom was actually an over-inflated speculative bubble. Margin investors were being decimated as large numbers of stock investors tried to liquidate their shares to no avail. Millionaire margin investors went bankrupt almost instantly when the stock market crashed on October 28th and 29th.
To make matters worse, many banks had invested their deposits in the stock market, causing these banks to lose

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