...Running head: READING COMPREHENSION STRATIEGES Reading Comprehension Strategies Kimberly A. Rossetti Grand Canyon University EED 470 – Curriculum, Methods, and Assessment: Literacy and Language Arts K-3 March 14, 2012 Reading Comprehension Strategies Studies reveal that teaching and instruction utilizing illustrative or visual organizers and templates that are representational, portray associations or connections among concepts. Presenting such graphic matrices as an introduction primes students to commence their learning processes toward a forthcoming educator instruction or assignment (Jitendra & Gajria, 2011). The following will review various graphic organizers, charts, and matrices that can be implemented for further development of reading comprehension. In addition, a summary will follow the illustrative pictorial of lesson introduction that provides an explanation regarding the implementation or utilization considering that particular comprehension example of focus. Beginning / Middle / End Beginning / Middle / End Summary: Using the Hamburger Model diagram will assist students to beef up their writing skills and promote or increase their focus on details while reading. The paragraph hamburger is a composing or authoring tool that will assist young writers to pictorially summarize important or main elements of a passage. Main focus, narrative or describing text, and concluding sentence are the central components or portions of a complete...
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...clients focus on gaining access to preferred story lines in reference to their lives and identities the family dynamics that may affect them. The preferred story line will replace the place of the previous negative and self-defeating narratives about themselves. Helping clients within a family counseling to begin to become the author of their own story is important in many cases to overcoming multigenerational affects. Narrative therapy aids in this process. This comprehensive evaluation of narrative therapy within the structure of family therapy and the integration of faith will be constructed in the following pages. Keywords: self-defeating, Narrative therapy, multigenerational, therapeutic Introduction Narrative therapy is considered apart of the Social Construction Model. This particular type of therapy, the counselor or therapist is not a dominant entity or focal point of the process. Instead the therapist is seen as an influential individual to the client. The counselor will aid the client with the process of internalization and the creation of new stories or narratives within themselves that help them to draw new assumptions about themselves. This is done through the process of the client being opened up to future stories. This will enable the client not to focus on the narratives that have been negative and have influenced and render definition to their lives. Instead this process opens them up to positive future stories that will help to reshape and re-define...
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...of a grammatical setting such as a sentence. * Fiction writers & poets share many of the techniques of literature because their effects depend or universal language art. * points up it’s relationship to other serial arts such as music, dance,& film ( Humanities) * Happens in time * In order to receive it, we must be aware of what is happening now,remember what happened before anticipate what is to come. * A Work of Literature * A construction of separable elements like a structure. * The details of the scene , character or event/group of symbols can be conceived of as the bricks in the wall of literary structure. * If we miss one detail of the story,it would be incomplete comprehension for the readers. * The most important reason why we study literature is not about “what” but “How”.(Literature statement should be beyond peripheral) * Theme * Main idea of literary work is usually a structural decision,comparable to an architectural decisions. * consistency of the chosen theme/ex:”Native”/Filipino * Literary Terms 1. Symbol 2. Simile 3.Metaphor 4.Images 5.Diction 6.Denotation/Connotation * Literary Genres * are determined by literary technique, tone content & by critics’ definitions of the genres * a category , type or class Literature 1. Allegory : A narrative w/c litetal meaning corresponds clearly &...
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...Digital Story Reading As a Tool for Vocabulary Acquisition among Preschool Children Maiya Bianca Aguila, Alwyn John Lim & Catherine Francia De La Salle University Manila August 2013 Vocabulary acquisition is an essential part of young children’s literacy development, particularly their reading skills. It has been seen that acquiring a normal vocabulary is prerequisite for reading comprehension (Becker, 1977; Chall & Conard, 1991: Chall et al., 1990). This means that for a child to become a successful reader by the time he enters elementary he must be able to acquire the vocabulary necessary for his age. However, unlike phonics and other literacy skills, building basic vocabulary requires continuing support and there must be ongoing effort to introduce and explain new vocabulary (Hassan, 2012). Although the usual approach of presenting students with list of words to be mastered has been proven effective, research tells us that a great deal of vocabulary acquisition can take place through reading (Cho &n Choi, 2008; Elley, 1989, 1991; Vivas, 1996; Mason & Krashen, 2004; Krashen, 2004; Wang & Lee, 2007). As early as infants, children are being exposed to printed storybooks where they encounter new words to enhance their vocabulary. Research shows that reading to babies and toddlers yields promising results. Children who were exposed to story reading at an early age demonstrate greater language comprehension and larger vocabularies (Jacobson...
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...books (GCU, 2012). Trade books can offer a wealth of information such as a means to expand vocabulary, clarify concepts, explore real-world situations, and entertain (GCU, 2012). Furthermore, Johnson & Small, (2008) stated, “In contrast to textbooks, nonfiction trade books can support instruction in nearly every subject…which allows a teacher to front-load experiences with a concept” (p. 132). The following table lists trade books that can be used to enhance and supplement instruction in Math, Science, Social Studies, and Reading within a fourth-grade classroom. Book Title | Content Area | Summary | Appropriateness | Standards | Millions, Billions & Trillions by David A. Adler & Edward Miller (2013) | Math | In this book, Adler helps students to connect large numbers to other things they already know. There are also hands-on activities that can be done, such as using one-fourth cup of sugar to illustrate what a million might look like. This book also tells students how long it would take to count to a million, billion, and trillion (Adler & Miller, 2013). | In the fourth-grade, students are expected to read and write whole numbers to one million. Often, they do not understand the quantity of one million. | 4.NBT.1 | Working With Fractions by David A. Adler & Edward Miller (2007) | Math | The setting of this book is at a birthday party. While at the birthday party, there are examples of a pizza, a cake, balloons, and children...
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...3/8Lesson 25B | Wednesday 3/9Lesson 26A | Thursday 3/10Lesson 26B | Friday 3/11Lesson 27A | Notes/Materials | Phoneme Play & Phonics and Decodable Words | 1. Reread: Story 242. Rhyming: Rhyme with: ad3. Segmentation: rats, hits, sand, fast, runs, dads4. Phonics & Dec. Words: Intro “d”; review s, n, t, m, a_, r, i_, f, h, u_, d | 1. Read: Story 252. Rhyming: Rhyme with: id3. Segmentation: sad, mad, had, mud, rid, dad4. Phonics & Dec. Words: No new sounds; review s, n, t, m, a_, r, i_, f, h, u_, d | 1. Reread: Story 25 2. Rhyming: Rhyme with: id3. Segmentation: sad, had, fit, miss, did, dad4. Phonics & Dec. Words: No new sounds; review s, n, t, m, a_, r, i_, f, h, u_, d | 1. Read: Story 262. Rhyming: Rhyme with: it3. Segmentation: hat, mat, sit, fat, mat, had4. Phonics & Dec. Words: No new sounds; review s, n, t, m, a_, r, i_, f, h, u_,d | 1. Reread: Story 262. Rhyming: Rhyme with ack3. Segmentation: cat, cut, duck, kick, tack, tuck4. Phonics & Dec. Words: Intro “c, k, _ck”; review s, n, t, m, a_,r, i_, f, h, u_, d | | HFW (Sight Words) | 5. Intro “was”; review all previously taught words. | 5. No new words; review all previously taught words. | 5. Intro “go” “down”; review all previously taught words. | 5. No new words; review all previously taught words. | 5. Intro “saw”; review all previously taught words. | | Guided Spelling & Segmentation | N/A | 6. Dictation of Sounds: d, t7. Dictation of Middle Sound: mat, mad8. Dictation of Decodable Words: did...
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...Story Element Lesson Plan 1 Story Element Lesson Plan Heather Sines ECE335: Childrens Literature Instructor: Karen Foster April 21, 2015 Story Element Lesson Plan 2 Story Element Lesson Plan Grade: Preschool Ordinary Mary’s Extraordinary Deed By Emily Pearson Lesson Plan: Monday Subject: Beginning, Middle, and End Story Element Grade: Preschool, ages 3-5 (covering Kindergarten Common Core ELA Standards) Topic: Being Nice Duration: 1 School day (Monday) Story Element Lesson Plan 3 Goals/Objectives: | We will Identify the parts of a story using the beginning, middle and end of a “being nice” themed multicultural book. The children will be able to divide a story into the beginning, middle and end, and be able to identify the settings in each. Within identifying the settings and the sections of the story, they will be identifying how one person’s kindness can affect another’s. | Standards Covered: | Reading Standards for Literature K-5 Kindergarten-With prompting and support, ask and answer questions about key details in the text.-Identify characters, setting and major events in a story.-Ask and answer questions about unknown words in...
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...A&P In the story A&P by John Updike is about a Cashier named Sammy who works in a grocery store named A&P, in the suburb of Boston during summertime, and having conflicts with these three girls in bikinis and his manager Lengel. In this story there three types of conflicts that occur in this story. One is “man vs. man”; When Sammy has an argument with Lengel (store manager). “Man vs. society”, when Sammy thinks badly about a grocery shopper. Then there’s “man vs. himself”, where Sammy thought what he was doing when he quitted. In the beginning of this story there was already a conflict where is “man vs. society”. Sammy (cashier) didn’t know if he rung up an item he was holding in his hands or not, so he rung it up again not knowing. Because of this the customer gets mad, so thinks badly about an old grocery shopper. He thought she’s one of these cash-register-watchers, a witch about fifty with rouge on her cheekbones and no eyebrows, and I know it made her day to trip me up. She'd been watching cash registers forty years and probably never seen a mistake before (A&P). He thought about this because of the fit that the customer gave him. Furthermore, there’s a conflict “man vs. man”. In the story there are three girls in bikinis who walk in to the A&P store to shop. They were causing trouble for the customers and the employee including Sammy. Later on Lengel comes into the store. So as manager he told the girls that there are inappropriately dress to shop...
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...Light Gets Green” Robert Penn Warren’s short story “When the Light Gets Green” is full of interesting images and themes. We led by a young boy who is looking back at an important period in his life. It is time that a child loses his innocence. The critic Paul West put it best when he said that “Most of Warren’s best stories are painful, guilt-ridden commemorations of some young person’s rites of passage.” This story is no different. We see a kid return to the farm he loves, only to be met with questions. His grandfather, Mr. Barden, is not the same as he remembered. The grandson has trouble understanding his grandfather’s sudden flaws, and by reexamining his grandfather, is not capable of loving him anymore. At the beginning of the story we follow the grandson’s memory of what his grandfather looked like. The first line says “My grandfather had a long white beard and sat under the cedar tree.” This was how he imagined his grandfather while he was at school, but when he returned he was shocked to see that the beard was actually “gray and pointed.” This opening paragraph sets the tone for the entire story. The grandson had a majestic image of his grandfather in his mind, but the passage of time sheds light on imperfections that were previously unimportant. Paul Runyon says that “’When the Light Gets Green’ is a strongly autobiographical reminiscence of his grandfather Penn.” Runyon point helps show that this story is about the coming of age period in a young man’s...
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...the post-modern philosophers do have a better understanding of the good life as opposed to the late-modern philosophers, who were still working through some of the fallacies which have developed over the centuries, with the 20th century philosophers embracing a friendly debate of opposing ideas. Because religion was felt so necessary centuries ago, the natural course of progression to an understanding that one could be ethical and moral regardless of religious beliefs, we had to go through the religious denial stage of the 19th century, which seemed to be the overarching theme of the times. Post-modernist G.E. Moore’s example given of the good life as, “…sharing witty and intelligent conversation with your best friends,” (Story of Ethics, Clark & Poortenga, chapter 5, pg 107) offers an excellent example of a friendly debate among philosophers who enjoy sharing differences of opinion. Certainly his thoughts on “good as ends,” versus “good as means”...
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...and paralegal official. The other character is the US based power and gas firm ‘Pacific Gas and Electric Company’ (PG & E) which is responsible for providing gas and electricity utilities to almost 2/3rds of the northern Californian population. The events surrounding a much publicized and broadcasted case involving PG & E and residents of Hinkley, California expose a plethora of business and general ethical issues that form a sumptuous academic feast for any business student. Before exploring the central characters of this story and inspecting the varied moral and ethical positions adopted by them in the movie, we must engage ourselves in creating a brief background study of the people and the institutions that play a pivotal role in this intriguing drama of business ethics and it’s relation with human psyche and actions. Main Characters: a. Erin ‘Patty’ Brockovich: Erin is a thirty three years old - twice divorced single mother of 3 children by the name of Matthew, Katy and Beth who age 8 years, 6 years and 9 months respectively in the beginning of the movie. Erin is a struggling single parent with little or no financial resources and is shown in the initial scenes of the picture trying her level best to acquire a job. Her primary concern at all times in the movie is the well being of her three kids. Whatever actions she takes as the story progresses are stemmed from the emotions that compel her to become what she considers to be a...
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...For centuries, the fairy tale Cinderella, that everyone has come to know and love has been told in many different countries and in a variety of ways. Although each story is different, they all have similar meaning and each one "demonstrates how universal the Cinderella story is, as well as how unique each version is to the particular culture out which it grew" (Tam and Cam, 2012 Pg 194). Little girls all over the world are told some type of Cinderella story and they grow up dreaming that one day they'll be a princess just like the characters in the stories. They will find their prince charming to sweep them off their feet. However, these manipulative stories tend to teach girls that they do not need to be dependent on a man to take care of them. Girls should not grow up with that idea in their head, they should be told from the beginning that through patience and determination anything they set their mind to can happen without the reliance of anyone but themselves. The Cinderella characters are presented as civil and obedient young women. In "The Twelve Months", Marouckla, who was the "Cinderella like character" lost her father and was stuck living with her stepmother and step sister. She had to do all of the chores and wait on them hand and foot. They both treated Marouckla as a nuisance and whatever her stepmother asked, she did. "The stepmother also added her threats to those of Helen, and with vigorous blows they pushed Marouckla outside and shut the door upon her. The...
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...material side (buy biggest TV set) Cultural Revolution: individual farmers are allowed to leave their field and go to other fields to get rich. Qiu Ju: selling chili Ermo: selling noodles and hand-made baskets The story of Qiu Ju: Compare to Zhang’s previous films which attempts at historical cultural reflection, the story of Qiu Ju focus on the individual character and contemporary settings. * Superficial level: a struggle of a common person against local bureaucracy. * Regardless of the character’s personality and fate, it is a story about an injured and weak woman protecting her own dignity. * Existential level: one’s own dignity can be protected at the expense of others which cause the problem of the self-torture of humanity. * Speak with the voice of documented reality. * A story about a peasant woman of no particular account and her encounters with the law in its current state of post-Maoist reform. * Illustrated a woman who against the contemporary judicial system and questing for justice in all male-dominated world. * Challenge the patriarchal system Zhang experienced with a new film aesthetic-“documentary realism” to state a woman who comes to recognize her own self-worth and control her own life. The Story of Qiu Ju centers on rural Qiu Ju’s persistent “seeking a justifiable explanation” for her husband’s injury. Street scenes filmed with hidden cameras add to the realistic, almost documentary,...
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...Term Essay 2/18/2013 When writing a story, there is way more to it then just writing down a bunch of words. Literary terms are a main element to every story. They are what make a story a story. The two literary terms that to me make a story very important are Setting and Point of view. Without either of them in a story, it would be rather boring and dull. In the stories “A & P” by John Updike and “ A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner, I believe that both have wonderful examples of setting and point of view. In John Updike's short story "A&P" the boy works in an A&P store. The setting is a grocery store in the 1950's. It is in a small town and the boy works a mundane job as a cashier. He sees the same thing day after day. The same isles, same colors, and the same keys on the cash register. However, for the boy the store seems almost devoid of color. The girls come into the store are totally different than the expected norm. They are cheerful and vibrant. They are the opposite of the store and shift the mood of the boy. The setting is important because the boy is able to see that the girls mean excitement and something better than the store where everything always seems to be the same. A & P is told in first person from Sammy's point of view with a tone allowing the narrator to connect on a deeper level and truly portraying Sammy as a teenager. Updike does a good job making it seem as if Sammy is telling a story to a close friend. Sammy's tone is extremely...
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...17th century are determined by the events of the Engl. Bourgeois Revolution, which took place in 1640-60. King Charles I was beheaded in 1649& General Oliver Cromwell became the leader of the new government. In 1660, shortly after Cro-ll’s death, the dynasty of the Stuarts was restored. The establishment of new social&eco-ic relations, the change from feudal to bourgeois ownership, escalating class-struggle, liberation movement and contradictions of the bourgeois society found their reflection in lit-re. The main representatives of this period is: John Milton: was born in London&educated at Christ’s College. He lived a pure life believing that he had a great purpose to complete. At college he was known as the The Lady of Christ’s. he Got master’s degree at Cambridge. It’s convenient to consider his works in 3 divisions. At first he wrote his short poems at Horton. (The Passion, Song on May Morning, L’Allegro). Then he wrote mainly prose. His 3 greatest poems belong to his last group. At the age of 23 he had still done little in life&he admits this in one of his sonnets. (On his 23d B-day) In his another sonnet he wrote on his own blindness. (On his Blindness) Milton wrote diff. kinds of works. His prose works were mainly concerned with church, affairs, divorce & freedom. The English civil war between Charles I & Parliament followed by the 2nd civil war, 1641-1651. During these years Milton worked hard at his pamphlets, supported Cromwell (also wrote...
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