...report on Modes of Entry into Foreign Markets. Sir, It’s been pleasure for me to submit my report on “Modes of Entry into Foreign Market”. This report contains the structure and material as instructed by you. I have tried hard to do my best and fulfill your expectation. The assigned work and the information gathering process involved with it gave me access to the areas, which I didn’t know before. However it is needless to say that, there may be some mistake in my organization, presentation and style. In completing the report I have tried my best in imparting ever available details of the, “Modes of Entry into Foreign Market” avoiding unnecessary amplification of the report. Thanking you, Yours faithfully Md.RazibulMatin ID. No: 801414091 EMBA Program Department of International Business University Of Dhaka. Table of Content SL NO. | TOPIC NAME | PAGE NO | | Letter of Transmittal | 1 | | Executive summary | 3-4 | Chapter-1 | Introduction | | 1.1 | Problem of Modes of Foreign Markets Entry | 5-6 | 1.2 | Rationale for Modes of Foreign Markets Entry | 6 | 1.3 | Scope and Objectives of the study | 6-7 | 1.4 | Methodology of the Study | 7 | 1.5 | Limitation of The Study | 7 | Chapter-2 | Literature Review | 8 | Chapter-3 | Modes of Entry into Foreign Market | | 3.1 | Market entry strategy | 9 | 3.2 | Market Entry Modes | 10 | 3.2.1-3.2.7 | Different Markets Entry Modes | 11-16...
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...Shah Alam, 15-17 June 2009, Volume 2, pp. 128-137 Entry Mode Strategies of Malaysian Service Firms: A Resource-Based Approach Mohammadreza Asgari*, Mohd Nazari Ismail**, Syed Zamberi Ahmad*** Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur ABSTRACT The rapid progress in services has attracted scholars to study the behaviour and decisions of service firms. Firms from Malaysia, as a developing country, with a fast growing economy that increasingly relies on services have shown a remarkable expansion into foreign markets, which has resulted in high foreign direct investment (FDI) outward inflows and increasing exports of services. This paper utilizes the resource-based theory, in which the main determinants of the choice of entry mode are organizational variables compared to environmental factors, to explain the choice of entry strategies made by Malaysian service firms and the motives for it. This study aims to develop a framework for the choice of entry mode strategies that has fewer shortages than others, analyze the determinants of entry mode strategy in order to find the similarities and differences existing between firms in the decision-making process for the choice of entry mode, and consider the role of psychic distance in adopting an appropriate strategy in different markets. Suggestions for future research are also presented. Keywords: Entry mode strategy, developing country, Malaysia, service industries, multinational corporations INTRODUCTION...
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...Learning outcomes After reading this chapter, you should be able to: ➤ Understand the motives for internationalization. ➤ Apply the theories underpinning the internationalization process. ➤ Explain the Psychic Distance and Born Global concepts. 5 ➤ Advise a multinational firm on choosing an appropriate entry mode for internationalization. ➤ Advise a multinational firm on de-internationalization. 148 Global strategic development Opening case study Internationalization of a French retailer—Carrefour In 1960, Carrefour opened its first supermarket in France. In 1963, Carrefour invented a new store concept—the hypermarket. The hypermarket concept was novel, and revolutionized the way French people did their shopping. It moved daily shopping from small stores to enormous stores where customers find everything they want under one roof, in addition to selfservice, discount price, and free parking space. The first Carrefour hypermarket store was established at the intersection of five roads—hence the name, Carrefour, which means ‘crossroads’. Carrefour is the leading retailer in Europe and the second largest worldwide, with Exhibit A International development of Carrefour Year Country and mode of entry No. of stores (2009) 1969 1973 1975 1982 1989 1991 1993 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 2000 Belgium—Carrefour’s first hypermarket outside France Spain Brazil—Carrefour’s first hypermarket in the Americas Argentina Taiwan—Carrefour’s first hypermarket in Asia Greece Italy...
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...Market Entry Mode Strategies – A study of Bangladesh Mobile Telecommunication Market for Foreign Companies Authors: Debashish Barua Examiner: Prof. Anders Pehrsson Marketing, Master Programme Tutor: Prof. Mosad Zineldin Mahmudur Rahman Chowdhury Subject: Master Thesis, 4FE02E Marketing, Master Programme Level and Semester: Master, Spring, 2014 i Acknowledgement We express our gratitude to those people who helped us a lot in conducting the research work successfully. Their cooperation helped us to write a good thesis paper. We are grateful to our tutor Prof. Mosad Zineldin and examiner Prof. Anders Pehrsson who have provided valuable critiques, encouraged and guided us to write the thesis paper in right direction. Moreover, we would like to thank the three mobile telecom companies which have provided valuable information in conducting the research work. Finally, we would like to thank to our family members and friends for their motivational support throughout the study. Linnaeus University, Växjö School of Business and Economics June 2014 Debashish Barua Mahmudur Rahman Chowdhury ii Abstract Title: Market Entry Mode Strategies – A study of Bangladesh Mobile Telecommunication Market for Foreign Companies. Background: Now-a-days, the forces of globalization derive firms to go to international market. When a firm thinks to expand its business outside of the home market, it needs to explore the form of operation through which it will enter into the foreign market. International...
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...activities of large department store chains include a substantial element of importing. When these stores search for new products abroad, they practice another form of international marketing. A whole range of service industries are involved in international marketing; many large advertising firms, banks, investment bankers, public accounting firms, consulting companies, hotel chains, and airlines now market their services worldwide. International marketing encompasses some activities that only indirectly result in international transactions. Entry Strategies Before a firm considers expansion into international frontiers, it must make three strategic decisions; which Markets to enter, when to enter these Markets and What will be the scale of entry. An international business can create in a market suitability of products for a market. It can also create in a market, a nature of indigenous competition which are not widely available and yet satisfies an unmet need. There is also a greater value translated into the ability to charge higher prices and increase sales volume more rapidly. The timing of entry by a firm into a foreign market becomes very important. Early entrants initiate a first mover advantage over the competition. This creates the ability of the firm to pre-empt rivals and...
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...MARKETING IN THE FIRM Globalization – Reflects the trends of firms buying, developing, producing and selling products and services in most countries of the world Comparison of the Global Marketing and Management style between SMEs and LSEs * Resources (Financial, Business Education) * Formation of Strategy * Organization * Risk-taking * Flexibility * Economies of Scale and Scope * Use of information sources Economies of Scope – Reusing a resource from one business in additional businesses Should the company stay home or go abroad? * Industry Globalism. Mainly determined by the international marketing environment * Preparedness for Internationalization. Dependent on the firm`s ability to carry out strategies in the international marketplace, that is the actual skills in international business operations Development of the Global Marketing concept The form of the firm´s response to global market opportunities depends greatly on the management´s assumptions and beliefs about the nature of doing business around the world: * Ethnocentric - Home country is superior and their needs are the most relevant * Polycentric (Multidomestic)- Each country is unique and should be targeted in a different way * Geocentric- The firm may offer global products but with local adaptations * Regiocentric- The firm tries to integrate its marketing programme within regions Glocalization- Development and selling of products or services intended for...
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...the exporting and importing decisions of private firms and individuals. Fair trade: suggests that the national government should actively intervene to ensure that domestic firms’ exports receive an equitable share of foreign markets and that imports are controlled to minimize losses of domestic jobs and market share in specific industries. Discuss industry-level arguments and national trade policies * Industry-level arguments a) The national defense argument: used as a reason to support government protection of specific industry Country must be self-sufficient in critical raw materials, machinery, and technology or else be vulnerable to foreign threats Eg: Japan banned the imports of rice as a mean of promoting its self-sufficiency of dietary staple. b) The infant industry argument * Give firms temporary protection from foreign competition until firms are fully established * Powerful economic development strategy. * Infant industry protection is often done on a political basis * Once an industry is granted protection, it may be reluctant to give it up Eg: Japan has developed thriving metal fabrication industries by eliminating tariffs of row ores, and imposing high tariffs on processed ores. c) Maintenance of existing jobs * Jobs in high-wage countries threatened by imports from low-wage countries * Firms and workers often petition their governments for relief from foreign competition. d) Strategic trade theory * National...
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...Defending a Domestic Position against Global Entries Abstract The paper offers a systematic review of strategic options available to incumbents coping with threats and attacks by a global firm. The framework makes it possible to review and analyze action alternatives based on the entry stage, the attack focus and defense tactics. Even though the globalization process has exposed domestic incumbents to greater threats, incumbents’ options have also increased. The doors of trade liberalization swing both ways. Opportunities for collaboration increase while anti-globalization movements and national patriotism can be mobilized for effective defense.. The framework presented in this paper builds on existing strategic theories and concepts in addition to published case studies. It offers a flexible and dynamic approach for reviewing alternative strategies for implementation and research. Key words: Defensive strategies, Incumbents, Global threats, Global opportunities, Globalization trends. Defending a Domestic Position against Global Entries Yaron Timmor; Samuel Rabino; Jehiel Zif Introduction In the age of globalization, many domestic firms are threatened by the entry of global firms (Baker and Ballington 2002; Beardsley et al. 2002; Roberts Nelson and Morrison 2005; Thoumrungroje and Tansubaj 2004). Equipped with mega brands, know-how and economies of scales, global and multinational firms shove aside and even trample local players (Douglast, Quelch and Taylor 2004;...
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...MODES OF ENTRY USED BY INTERNATIONAL FIRMS TO ENTER INTO NEW MARKETS. TERMPAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE COURSE GLOBAL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, AND UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI. DATE17TH MARCH 2012 Modes of entry used by international firms to enter into new markets. Introduction A mode of entry into an international market is the channel which an organization employs to gain entry to a new international market. International firms use several entry modes to expand their businesses globally, and to enter into new markets, there are some basic decisions that the firm must takes before foreign expansion like: first they determine which markets to enter, when to enter those markets, and on what scale. The decision on which foreign markets to enteris based on the nation’s long run profit potential.-The international firm looks in detail at economic and political factors which influence foreign markets.-Long run benefits of doing business in a country depends on following factors:- Size of market (in terms of demographics)- The present wealth of consumer markets (purchasing power)- Nature of competition. By considering such factors firm can rank countries in terms of their attractiveness andlong-run profit. The time of entry is an important factor to be considered. Entry is early when an international business enters a foreign market before other foreign firms and late when it enters after other international businesses...
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...Chapter 2 Strategic International Human Resource Management CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter is about Strategic International Human Resource Management (SIHRM). While the first chapter described the new global business realities and introduced IHRM, this chapter describes international business strategy and how IHRM supports and enhances the international business strategies of the firm. The chapter starts with a general description of the process of international strategic management and then follows with an explanation of the evolution of international business strategy and describes how IHRM fits into the overall strategic management of the MNE. This includes describing the links of global business strategy to the performance of HR responsibilities in international business and discussing the outcomes that a strategically managed international business might expect from effectively tying together an international business strategy and SIHRM. The chapter then summarizes the findings of research studies on the nature and role of strategic IHRM. LEARNING OBJECTIVES * Describe the development of SIHRM and the process of international strategic management. * Describe the evolution of the MNE in terms of various stages of internationalization and the methods firms use to enter international markets. * Describe the process for developing MNE strategy and IHRM strategy and the relationship between the two. * The extent and nature of research into...
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...Internationalization of IKEA in the Japanese market and Chinese markets Abstract Date Level Authors June 4, 2008 Master Thesis EFO705, 10 points (15 credits) Wannapa Chaletanone (05-11-1982, Thailand) Wanee Cheancharadpong (03-09-1983, Thailand) Internationalization of IKEA in the Japanese and Chinese markets Leif Linnskog Why did IKEA internationalize into Japanese and Chinese markets? And what factors did influence IKEA’s success in Chinese market but failure in the Japanese market of the first round? The aim of thesis is to understand the internationalization of IKEA in Asia by comparing between Japanese and Chinese markets. This master thesis based on qualitative approach in order to investigate the internationalization of IKEA in Asian markets as a case study since it is beneficial in understanding the observation and explanation of behavior in the certain cases. IKEA is considered as retailer internationalization who expands into Japanese market as a result of deregulation and asset-based advantage while internationalize into Chinese market because of supporting environments such as political, social and economic conditions as well as transaction advantage. To success and failure, psychic distance and learning, strategic decision making process, degree of adaptation of retail offer, entry strategy, characteristics of organization and management characteristics are the influencing factors on internationalization of IKEA in the Japanese and Chinese markets. Internationalization, IKEA...
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...1. Technology & Globalization * Globalization is the inexorable integration of markets,nation-states,and technologies.In away that is enabling individuals,corporations and nation-states to reach around the world farther,faster,deeper,and cheaper than ever before. * Globalization has led to an intensification of the role of international trade in the economies of the world.For example,many Canadian and U.S. Companies have shifted their customer service and data entry operations to areas with lower labor costs in and outsde North America. * Technology include 4 key areas: communication,minaturisation,delivery and obsolescence. * Communication:You see an advert on TV, and decide that you want to buy the product. You call on the number mentioned on your TV screen and get to speak to a customer service agent. The agent gives you the product details, verifies your address, takes down your credit card details, and gives you the time-frame by which the product would be delivered to you. * (小型化)Minaturisation:Now days, is the tend to manufacture ever smaller mechanical, optical and electronic product and devices.Example include miniaturization of mobile phone, computer. Delivery: looks at working with clients to develop and implement technology solutions. * （退化）Obsolescence: When a technical product or service is no longer needed or wanted even though it could still be working order. Technology obsolescence generally occurs when a new product has been created...
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...Part 1: The decision to internationalize Chapter 1: Global Marketing in the firm Purpose of the marketing plan is to create sustainable competitive advantages in the global marketplace. Firms go through mental process. For SME’s, informal process, for larger organization it is often more systematized. Globalization: reflects the trend of firms buying, developing, producing and selling products and services in most countries and regions of the world. Internationalization: Doing business in many countries of the world but often limited to a certain region. Should a company stay at home, or strengthen the global position?? Two dimensions: 1.) Industry globalism (high degree of industry globalism -> many interdependencies between markets, customers and suppliers. Besides, industry is dominated by a few large powerful players (global, like software, cd’s, movies, aircrafts) and the other multidomestic market environment (local, like hairdressing, foods and dairies) 2.) Preparedness for internationalization Degree of preparedness is dependent on the ability to carry out strategies in international marketplace (personal skills, managers’ international experience or financial resources) Well-prepared company is called = mature Figure 1.2 very important decision model in the marketing!! (page 10) “The nine strategic windows” EPRG-framework = worldview of a firm’s business activities. 1.) Ethnocentric home country is superior, controls are highly centralized...
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...International Strategy Advanced Strategy M2/MSc 2015-2016 Corporate (or Growth) strategy: Key questions? • Should the firm focus its activities on a specific market or diversify in several segments or sectors? • Should the firm limit its business to the local market or internationalize? • Which method of growth strategy should the firm choose? • organic development or • corporate, commercial, technical alliances with other stakeholders active in the business environment (clients, suppliers, competitors, R&D centres, academic units, …)? Key questions of Corporate strategy Why and how should the firm internationalize? International strategy analytical framework Location Advantage WHY? Outside-In approach HOW? Source: Exploring Strategy, 9th edition, Pearson, 2011 Inside-out approach Incentives and basic benefits of internationalisation Incentives Basic Benefits Extend a product’s life cycle Increased market size Gain easier access to raw materials Economies of scale and learning Opportunities to integrate operations on a global scale Location advantages To support strategic orientations! Opportunities to maximize the ROI (e.g. rapidely developing technologies) Get access to consumers in emerging markets Source: Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt, The Management of Strategy, 2011 Outside-in approach: Internationalisation drivers Why going international? The YIP’s matrix (Inter-country compensation...
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...FDI)? What are the Theories of FDI? What Are the pons & cons , Cost/ benefitr fro the cost country n home country? Answer: Foreign Direct Investment: FDI occurs when a frim invest directly in facilities to produce or market product in a foreign country. The Theories of FDI: Theroies of FDI may be classified under the following------ 1. Production or product Cycle Theory of Vernon 2. The theory of Exchange Rate on Imperfect Capital Market 3. The Internalisation Theory 4. The Eclectic Paradigm of Dunning Production or product Cycle Theory of Vernon Production or product theory developed by Vernob in 1966 was used to explain certain types of FDI. He believes that there are four stage of production cycle— * Innivation * Growth * Maturity * Decline. Vernon’s production life-cycle suggest that frims undertake FDI at particular stage in the life cycle of products they have developed or produced. However, Vernon’s theory does not adresss the issue of whether FDI is more efficient than exporting or licensing for expanding abroad. The theory of Exchange Rate on Imperfect Capital Market: This is another theory which tried to explain FDI. Initially the foreign exchange risk has been analyzed from the perspective of international trade. However, currency risk rate theory cannot explain simultaneous foreign direct investment between countries with different currencies. The sustainers argue that such investments are made in different times...
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