...Language in Humans We can find a lot of communication system in the world. Language is one of them of the human species. Other species use another communication systems. The most important difference between human and non-human communication is that human behave voluntarily,controlly and human use language that is creative and unpredictable. On the other hand,animal behaviour is instinctive,stereotype and predictable.There are a lot f view of language.Noom Chomsky has a famous one.He believes that a kind of language organ within the mind is part of the genetic make-up of humans.A system which makes it possible from a limited set of rules to construct on unlimited number of sentenes is not found in any other species,and Chomsky assumes that it is an investigation of this uniqueness that is important and not the likeness between human language and other communication system. It is clear that linguists think language as uniquely human.But there is a question about language ‘where does human language come from’.Language is an afficient human adjustment to the environment and it evolved by natural selection.Other important complements are the studies of genetics.In Eric Lennebergs view language has a biological foundation.He argues that the human organism matures according to a fixed maturational process,and that language develops in children during this period.The first sounds of a human infant are stimulus controlled. About six monhs,the infant begins to experiment with sounds...
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...Basics of PLC Programming Industrial Control Systems Fall 2006 Lecture – PLC Programming Basics MME 486 – Fall 2006 1 of 62 PLC Architecture Lecture – PLC Programming Basics MME 486 – Fall 2006 2 of 62 PLC System Lecture – PLC Programming Basics MME 486 – Fall 2006 3 of 62 Processor Memory Organization The memory of a PLC is organized by types. The memory space can be divided into two broad categories: program and data memory. Advanced ladder logic functions allow controllers to perform calculations, make decisions and do other complex tasks. Timers and counters are examples of ladder logic functions. They are more complex than basic inputs contacts and output coils and rely heavily upon data stored in the memory of the PLC. Lecture – PLC Programming Basics MME 486 – Fall 2006 4 of 62 Memory Map A memory map can be used to show how memory is organized in a PLC. § Input/output locations § Internal relay and timer/counter locations Data table User program The user program causes the controller to operate in a particular manner Housekeeping memory Used to carry out functions needed to make the processor operate (no access by user) Lecture – PLC Programming Basics MME 486 – Fall 2006 5 of 62 Program Files The user program will account for most of the memory of a PLC system. • Program files contain the logic controlling machine operation. Program file organization for SLC-500...
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...Suanira Morel Prof. Watson Lit 237 15 May 2015 Exile and Totalitarianism The rise of totalitarianism often plays a major role in the exile of a large group of people. Many times when a dictator arrives at a nation with intent to take rule over it, certain people go immediately into hiding or even flee the country. Although this puts them at a huge risk that may result in death, they face even greater risks when staying in the country to face the rise of fascism. Along with the victims, those who help them also face a great risk of getting caught and then arrested or killed. The concept of exile brings about many new problems for people to deal with. When in hiding, an individual may suffer so much turmoil that it can affect them psychologically or even take a toll on them physically. This tragedy will often bring about many mixed emotions from someone, where some days will be easier than others. The isolation alone that results from being in hiding can have a major affect on a person. The Diary Of a Young Girl is a great body of work when referring to exile because Anne Frank wrote an entry every single day on the struggles of her daily life being in hiding. This book is a great representation of the worries that thousands were faced with when Hitler was in power. It is ironic that although Anne’s family was going through a tragedy themselves, they still felt fortunate enough to be thankful that after all, they did not end up like many of their peers. On page seventy-six...
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...The Teacher-Student Dynamics Teacher student dynamics plays an important ROLE while interacting with the students in a classroom. In most of the cases the success of a class depends on teacher student dynamics. Often it is noticed through teacher student dynamics that to what extent the students are learning their lessons & if the methods teachers use for making the teaching successful are working or not. As the whole process of learning is based on the teachers & students, it is the teacher student dynamics should be given more emphasize. There are some major issues that has to be considered while teaching. The first & the foremost factor is the age group of the learners. In a language class there are students from different backgrounds & evidently they will have different proficiency level. An adult learner will not pick up a language as a young learner will do. A young learner's LAD (Language Acquisition Device) will work more effectively than a adult learner. So a teacher has to take these matters into consideration, Sometimes a teacher might choose a teaching method which he thinks will be appropriate for the learners & the learners are also ready to learn the language properly. But these thinks will not work if the communication is not that much effective between the teacher & learner. Here the process of "need analysis" might be handful for the teacher, By need analysis the teacher can find out the exact process he should...
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...certain Teacher responsibilities and student rights. Students may not think that the teachers deserve to have as many rights as they should or do, but it is a good thing in the long run. If the teachers let the students get away with things more, then their will most likely be less teaching and also bad things could start happening. For example, teachers should be able to be able to randomly search a student’s locker without their permission sometimes. I think that if there is a reasonable cause to why they are checking it, then do it. But if the student does not do anything for it to happen then why can a teacher not trust their students. Today, a lot of students are starting drugs at a younger age and also bring weapons to school. Therefore, teachers have certain responsibilities and rights and students also have certain responsibilities and rights too. Teachers have rights that are constitutional when becoming a teacher. Some of those rights would be substantive and procedural due process rights. This includes the teacher’s rights to receive notice of termination and right to a hearing. The freedom of expression and association provided by the First Amendment is another right as well. A teacher has academic freedom too. Academic freedom is a limited concept that is recognized by courts based on principles of the First Amendment. They also have protection against unreasonable searches and school officials of a teacher’s personal property (Glink, 2011). Teachers also have...
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...4 Main Idea • • • • • What is a main idea? What is a topic? How do you recognize the difference between general and specific ideas? What is a stated main idea? What is an unstated main idea? Everyday Reading Skills: Selecting a Book Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. 118 CHAPTER 4 Main Idea What Is a Main Idea? The main idea of a passage is the core of the material, the particular point the author is trying to convey. The main idea of a passage can be stated in one sentence that condenses specific ideas or details in the passage into a general, allinclusive statement of the author’s message. In classroom discussions, all of the following words are sometimes used to help students understand the meaning of the main idea. thesis main point central focus gist controlling idea central thought Whether you read a single paragraph, a chapter, or an entire book, many experts agree that your most important single task is to understand the main idea of what you read. Topic Main Idea Major Detail Major Detail Major Detail Minor Detail Minor Detail Minor Detail Minor Detail Minor Detail Recognize General and Specific Words The first step in determining the main idea of a selection is to look at the specific ideas presented in the sentences and try to decide on a general topic or subject under which you can group these ideas. Before tackling sentences, begin with words. Pretend that the sentence ideas in a selection have been reduced...
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...The Issue of Teacher-Student Boundaries Calyssa Rimkey ED 4412 - WD Monday, January 28th 2013 An issue of many concerning teachers and their students is the teacher-student boundaries issue. Teachers take on many different roles, sometimes conflicting with one another, but all of these roles must be accommodated within a circumscribed boundary between the teacher and the student(s) being taught.(Crook & Truscott, 2007) Teachers are ultimately responsible for managing boundary issues with their students. There are many circumstances that represent multiple relationships and boundary crossings and, while not always unethical, the primary professional relationship can be jeopardized. These circumstances should always be handled professionally and in the best interests of the student. I think that the issue of student-teacher boundaries is an important issue that all teachers should take seriously. Crossing the boundaries could potentially jeopardize the relationship with a student and, furthermore, may result in an end to a teacher’s profession. I believe, from my experience as a student and as a future teacher, that boundaries between the student and teacher are crossed more often than not. There may be times when teachers experience feelings of attraction towards a student. In this case, the teacher should remain professional and should not act on these feelings. If the teacher is struggling with sexual or romantic feelings towards...
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...really think that all of the students in school is mature enough to evaluate their teachers? Maybe some are, but probably half of the students will not be as much mature enough. Teacher being graded by these students cannot have any improvements. In today’s debate our team opposition will state that students evaluating their teachers should not be happening. First and foremost, we students are not qualified enough to judge our teachers. Actually, all teachers have trained hard to become our guides. Ladies and gentlemen, they have to prove themselves well qualified before embarking on their careers. Thus, every teacher in general, is highly skilled and professional. However, we have nothing but several years studying under the instructions of our teachers. We have no fundamental knowledge in education to acquire full understanding about teaching. Our opinions are almost based on hunches only, not on specialized knowledge. Moreover, these viewpoints, for the most part, are strongly influenced by subjective impressions. Hence, they are quite unreliable and should not be trusted. In addition, some students consider teachers behavior with them rather than considering teaching. It varies from student to student attitude. As we all know students are always honest, they know better about their teachers teaching as compare to other. But there is no guarantee that the students will evaluate the right teacher, due to their personal problems with teachers. What is more, evaluation...
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...In the present age, let the students evaluate their teachers has been widely used in the education sector. The students can judge their teachers whether are good or not. Even when the students are not satisfied with their teachers, they can vote to change the teachers. But, whether the students should evaluate their teachers has sparked spirited debate. Some people assert that students should evaluate their teachers, while many others argue that students should not do that. Then this easy will discuss both opinions in this debate. People who think the students should evaluate their teachers argue that asking the students to evaluate their teachers can benefit for both the teachers and students, there are several benefits for the teachers. Firstly, the evaluation can contribute to helping them improve themselves in their teaching. Through the students’ evaluation, the teachers can recognize the weakness and strength in their working. Research indicates that students are the most qualified sources to report on the extent to which the learning experience was productive, information, satisfying or worthwhile (Theall and Franklin, 2001). Therefore, the evaluation from the students plays an critical role in improving the teachers’ effectiveness. Moreover, the students rating of particular teachers and subjects can be used by other students to select courses and teachers, and can increase the chance that excellence in teaching will be identified and rewarded (Aleamoni, 1981). Sometimes...
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...Introduction Numerous research projects from (Eschenmann, 1991) and other scholars suggest that if teachers take the time to build relationships, they can motivate their students to learn. Further research (Whitaker, 2004) also suggests that teachers need to have a strong belief that building relationships are important to the motivation process. For that reason, there is a need to capitalize on these beliefs for the benefit of students. It is important that educators recognize the impact they have on their students (Eschenmann, 1991). Teachers have to ensure that they are meeting students’ needs, both academically and emotionally. Creating classroom environments that promote positive interactions can motivate students to channel their...
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...characteristics held by the members. Social classifications cognitively order and segments the social environment in a way such as to provide every individual with a method of classifying others. They also enable every individual to locate themselves and as such have a definition for one self. In light of this aspect, the social classifications answer the question who am I? Finally, social classifications equip every person with a way to identify themselves into a particular group (Davies 1995). It is of vital importance to acquire a positive identity, be it by the help of friends, parents or teacher in school. This identity is responsible for one’s success in life as it motivates one towards achieving their goals. As such, a positive identity is particularly important for young children and especially the school age. It is thus important that teachers should take charge of their students, to help them develop a positive identity and thus a positive recognition, so they can define others as well as themselves and their groups from a positive perspective (Cherry 2011). By definition, identity represents a private self of a person through values upheld, views, principles and ideals that collectively form a strong basis of personality. It is basically built around the language, beliefs and even the culture of the community in...
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...An Elementary Teacher can influence his/her students’ academic performance by believing in them. Whether it’s the overachiever or the underachievers, students wants to feel cared and valued. There are many strategies to of expectations that can positively affect a student’s achievement in grade 3-5. We will look at 5 expectations that would positively influence student achievement; participating in class discussion, taking daily notes, communicating positively with each others in a group, partnering to complete cooperative assignments and completing work to earn passing scores. Having students participating in class discussion can help influence student achievement. The teacher can encourage & motivate students to share their thoughts &/or opinion. When a student knows what to expect and what is expected from them they are more engaged to learn. Students will also participate in classroom discussion when the material is related to their own lives. This can help improve a student’s grade because it encourages students to evaluate events, topics or results, others points of view and improve oral skills (Planning & Conducting Instruction 2009). Taking daily notes is another example that can help influence student achievement. Taking good notes can help improve a student’s learning by helping them remember the information. This can help improve a student’s grade because the students will be able to review for quizzes and test. Also, taking good notes can help improve a student’s handwriting...
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...International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 7[Special Issue –June 2011] Occupational Stress of Teachers: A Comparative Study Between Turkey and Macedonia Dr. Figen Eres Assistant Professor Department of Educational Science Gazi University, Ankara Turkey E-mail: feres@gazi.edu.tr, Phone: +903124844631 Dr. Tatjana Atanasoska Assistant Professor Department of Education University of St. Kliment Ohridski, Macedonia E -mail: t.atanasoska@pfbt.uklo.edu.mk, Phone: +38970853624 Abstract The aim of the study is to determine the stress level of Turkish and Macedonian teachers living in different socio-cultural and economic situations. The scale used in the study has been developed by researches. 416 Turkish teachers and 213 Macedonian teachers have participated in the study. At the end of the study it was seen that Turkish teachers have mild stress levels and Macedonian teachers have moderate stress levels. There is a meaningful difference in the stress level points of Turkish and Macedonian teachers. Policy makers are advised to analyse the teacher training and assessment system with the assumption that personal and social characteristics and working conditions may have an effect on teacher stress. Implications for further research are also discussed. Keywords: Teacher stress, primary education teachers, Macedonia, Turkey 1.Introduction Stress is the abnormal reaction that the organism displays against threating environmental elements. (Luthans, 1994)...
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...A ban that disallowed teachers and students to be "friends" on Facebook and most other online networking sites will remain in place under an updated social media policy the School Committee is slated to take up Tuesday. Meanwhile, an accompanying new acceptable-use policy will expand guidelines for ways that students, staff and other school employees may use the Internet in city school. The revamped policies are going to be designed to be more current with today's technology and social media/Internet practices. "Some teachers have had a great deal of success engaging students through electronic means and we want to accommodate that success where possible", said School Committee member LaDonna Crow. Many other area school districts are in the process of updating policies covering online networking, including Belchertown, Hampshire Regional, Northampton and Pioneer Valley Performing Arts Charter Public School. In the Hadley schools, a policy adopted in April prohibited teachers and students from being "friends" on social networking sites other than those approved by the district. Easthampton's social media policy takes a similar approach, stating that school staff may not list current students as "friends" on networking sites unless the sites are hosted or approved by the school district. The previous ban referred only to teachers. The proposed policy stated that all "e-contacts with students" should be made through the district's computer and telephone system, except...
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...Considering that teachers have a large influence on the students that they teach they should be following the law that is placed. Some teachers are role models for these students; therefore, they should be doing what a teacher is expected to do. A role model is someone that encourages you to do better, someone that helps you see the fullest potential in yourself. Teachers are with students five days a week for multiple hours a day, if they are doing things that are against the law then those people should not be spending that much time with students that are learning and developing. In elementary the kids there need teachers that can be patient and calm; in middle school kids need teachers that can help them through change; and in high school...
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