...Abolishes Sexual Discrimination In Insurance Pricing Index Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………...... 3 Sexual Discrimination and Insurance ………………………………………………………………… 4 Normative Ethics and the Discrimination in Insurance ……………………………………... 5 Utilitarianism ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 Kant Deonthological Ethic Theory ……………………………………………………………………. 7 Critical Opinion ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8 Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 Introduction The aim of this report is to discuss a controversial and very recent issue regarding business ethics: The sexual discrimination in the Insurance markets. I decided to do further research and build on this subject, because, after reading in the newspaper about it, I still do not know how the future is going to be concerning all the details and crucial aspects of dealing with such a sensitive subject. In this essay there will be an evaluation of the status quo from an economic point of view and an assessment of the market impacts of a potential ban on the use of gender as a differentiating factor of private insurance prices in EU. The question that first arises is: Is the abolishment of the inequalities in insurance premiums and benefits going to have positive consequences for the customers of private European insurance companies? To get the reader closer to the functioning of pricing by private insurance companies, some basic information is...
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...GAME THEORY & ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION LITERATURE REVIEW NATHALIA PALOMINO ID# 0501605 MARCH 1, 2014. FACILITATOR: SHELLEY WHITTLE Introduction This paper will firstly address game theory, Prisoners Dilemma which is a very prominent game and Bargaining. Asymmetric Information is also discussed along with a few examples of how asymmetric information relates to the business environment. The writer gives the reader a basic understanding of game theory and asymmetric information uses in a logical manner. As many opinions are combined to critically analyse the aforementioned. Game Theory A definition of Game Theory or something that appears to be a definition may be applied as such: An analytical or mathematical approach of examining strategic interaction when dealing with competitive situations in business decisions. As Keat, Young & Stephen (2014) did not give a clear definition of Game Theory. This definition stated business decision however, Martin (1978) stated that Game theory has proved useful in only war and economic. He states, “I see that at least three ways in which game theory has proved ‘useful’. First, it has led to practical advice on tactical decision-making in certain well defined situations, especially in military areas involving missile tracking and similar task (where the theory of differential games has led to results equivalent to control theory). Second, it has provided an occupation and amusement for thousands of government bureaucrats...
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...financial loss or misstatements. Insurance and portfolio theory are the combined methods of internal controls. This paper will justify the need of internal control systems, insurance, and portfolio approaches, and why an internal control system is more beneficial. An internal Control system is responsibility of the Controller to analyze company performance in operations, compliance, and reporting as well as aid management in the development of budgets and goals (McCarthy & Flynn, 2004). Internal Control system is also responsibility to analyze and manage risks the company may encounter. An internal control system is composed of five interrelated components (AICPA, 2013): • Control Environment – the company’s fundamental values and directives. • Risk Assessment – the identification and analysis of possible material misstatements. • Control Activities – the policies and procedures used to identify and manage risk. • Information and Communication – the processing and distribution information needed to meet company objectives. • Monitoring- assesses the quality of the system’s performance over time. Insurance approach is a risk-financing tool for companies providing protection when a loss occurs. Most companies have insurance because not many organizations will be able to pay expenses following a loss. Even though insurance compensate losses it does not prevent any fraud in the company. Certain companies have a variety of insurance policies required by law as worker...
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...financial statements, compliance with financial regulations, reduce risks, and identify and achieve short and long-term goals. Management uses internal controls to adapt to economic changes (AICPA, 2011, p. 2). Insurance and portfolio theory are approaches to managing and analyzing risk and play an important part in an internal control system. Internal Control Systems An internal control system is composed of five inter-related components, 1) Control Environment, 2) Risk Assessment, 3) Control Activities, 4) Information and Communication, and 5) Monitoring. The control environment is the company’s fundamental values and directives, risk assessment is the identification and analysis of possible material misstatements, control activities are the policies and procedures used to identify and manage risks, information and communication involves the processing and distribution of information needed to meet company objectives, and monitoring “assesses the quality of the system’s performance over time.” (AICPA, 2011, p. 6). The components are important to developing a framework of internal controls that, although not a guarantee, assist management in achieving objectives, reliable financial reporting, and compliance with regulations (AICPA, 2011, p 3). Insurance Insurance is a basic form of risk management that transfers risk to a third party insurer. It is considered...
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...Effect of hurricane katrina on insurance industry stock prices Abstract This study tests the efficient market theory by measuring the effects of Hurricane Katrina, one of the most deadly and destructive natural disasters to occur in the United States, on stock prices in insurance industry. It hypothesizes that insurance providers who offer services in the areas affected by Hurricane Katrina should incur a loss in the market-price of their stock following the natural disaster. This event study analyzed fifteen publicly-traded major insurance providers and the risk-adjusted rate of return on their stock before and after the date of dissipation of the hurricane, observed as August 30th, 2005. Results show stock returns, although dropping slightly after Hurricane Katrina, not having any measurable negative effect as a result of the storm. These results support the efficient market theory, as the insurance industry did not have any adverse effect from the devastation of Hurricane Katrina, allowing for no opportunity for abnormal return or avoidance of a loss. Appropriate statistical tests for significance conducted in this study show that Hurricane Katrina had no significant impact on the risk adjusted rate of return on selected insurance industry stock prices over the event study period. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Natural disasters have an opportunity to affect the stock market, but how soon subsequently to such events does the market react? Is it possible to avoid...
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...regulation cartelizes these industries to operate as state-run monopolies (Cleveland, 2007, p. 143). Additionally, economist Bruce Yandle uses the Bootlegger Baptist theory to show how these regulations get started. Yandle coined the Bootlegger Baptist political theory by examining the early days when Baptist’s were lobbying for regulation to close liquor stores on Sunday (Yandle, 2013). The bootlegger quietly stood by and permitted the regulation because the bootlegger knew, that by banning the sale of liquor on Sunday, would limit competition and send profits their way. Yandle explains that behind every regulation there are features of the Baptist Bootlegger theory that show two different groups supporting regulation...
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...Darlene Couture Lgl, Poli, Ethcl Dimns of Busn Professor: Louis Pearsall 01/19/2013 HB119 Personal Injury Protection (PIP) for Auto Insurance Fraud General Bill by Economic Affairs Committee and Insurance & Banking Subcommittee and Boyd (CO-SPONSORS) Albritton; Broxson; Costello; Horner; Tobia; Wood | Motor Vehicle Personal Injury Protection Insurance: Revises conditions for completing long-form traffic crash report; provides that certain entities exempt from licensure as health care clinic must nonetheless be licensed in order to receive reimbursement for provision of PIP benefits; requires that application for licensure, or exemption from licensure, as health care clinic include statement regarding insurance fraud; specifies additional unfair claim settlement practice; authorizes Division of Insurance Fraud of DFS to establish direct-support organization for purpose of prosecuting, investigating, & preventing motor vehicle insurance fraud; specifies effects of Florida Motor Vehicle No-Fault Law. | Effective Date: July 1, 2012 | Last Event: Chapter No. 2012-197; companion bill(s) passed, see CS/CS/HB 1101 (Ch. 2012-151) on Sunday, May 06, 2012 8:42 PM | Date Available for Final Passage: Tuesday, March 13, 2012 6:19 PMhttp://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Bills/billsdetail.aspx?BillId=47180 | 1. State the administrative agency which controls the regulation. Explain why this agency and your proposed regulation interest you (briefly). Will this proposed regulation...
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...The purpose of this paper is to compare two theories of ageing relating to the caregiver, discuss the health effects that caring for a loved one with Alzheimer’s has on the caregiver, and identify a factor that will affect my nursing practice. The theories discussed include the symbolic interaction and the labeling theory of ageing. These theories are explained and compared to one another. A Discussion of a fact of health risks that are accompanied when caring for a loved one with Alzheimer’s. Lastly, as a nurse guiding patients and families through the process of coordinating appropriate care for their loved ones while navigating the insurance companies will affect my nursing practice. The symbolic interaction and the labeling theories are...
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...Question #3 In a public health care/insurance system dedicated to meeting the health needs of citizens equally, how do we decide which health needs should be given priority? Health care is highly significant to human survival. Without health care one cannot take advantage of opportunities and the pursuit of life goals. Although health care is essential, many people agree that it is unjustly distributed. For this paper I will exposit the writings of Ronald Dworkin and Norman Daniels’. Ronald Dworkin looks into how a nation should spend collectively on the treatment and tests each citizen might want and need. I will explicate on his idea that treating people as equals is best achieved by giving people equality of resources. Then, I will highlight Daniels argument that people have rights and entitlements to health care. He argues this by using the fair equality of opportunity principle. Both authors acknowledge that health care is necessary for the normal species to function, therefore no health need can be given priority over another. This paper will exemplify that health care is extremely vital to the condition of life as Dworkin and Daniels’ approaches to equality are phenomenal but not convincible. In “Justice and the High Cost of Health”, Ronald Dworkin argues that a morally just plan of health care in society would be whatever health care individuals decided to purchase on their own. This idea holds the belief that no health need can be given priority over another health...
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...Throughout history, dating back to 3600 BC, games of chance and gambling have existed ("Introduction- Gambling and Probability"). Since their invention, people have tried to decipher ways to predict the outcome of such games, thus a need to determine the likelihood of winning in games such as these evolved. The method created to suit this need is known as probability theory. Probability theory has been developed over hundreds of years, and is used to predict possible outcomes and assist in daily life. Probability has been developed and studied over time, and has been formed into formulas and theories that allow it to be used in a myriad of applications. Probability theory is a very important aspect of mathematics, and through the development...
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...fulfilment of the B.Com Honours Degree in Insurance & Risk Management TiB INSURANCE BROKERS A Member of Trust Holdings Limited ATTACHMENT REPORT TiB INSURANCE BROKERS A Member of Trust Holdings Limited PREPARED BY: Seth Chimeri PROGRAME: B. Com Honours Degree in Insurance and Risk Management REGISTRATION NUMBER: N00801170C 1 SETH CHIMERI N00801170C 3RD YEAR WORK RELATED REPORT NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (NUST) 2010/2011 Prepared in partial fulfilment of the B.Com Honours Degree in Insurance & Risk Management TiB INSURANCE BROKERS A Member of Trust Holdings Limited Executive Summary The National University of Science and Technology (NUST) was established by an Act of Parliament in 1992 and through the years it has become a beacon in churning top class graduates into the commercial and science industries in Zimbabwe. In a bid to preserve its well deserved reputation NUST ensures that all its students undergo one year work related learning in their respective career lines. This serves the imperative opportunity to bridge the gap between theory and the actual practice in the industry, thus enabling graduates from National University of Science and Technology to be the favourites countrywide, regionally and internationally. This report details my enriching experience during my work related learning at TiB Insurance Brokers as a fulfillment of the requirements of the Bachelor of Commerce Honours Degree in Insurance and Risk Management with the National...
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...le. Abstract Enterprise risk management (ERM) increases shareholder value. In this study we test whether ERM influences insurers’ stock market performance. The results indicate that insurers’ stock market performance is linked to the characteristic of industry events and specific firm characteristics rather than to the success of ERM. In this study the 2007–2008 subprime mortgage and financial market crisis was found unique compared to other industry events. The study recommends further research on the methodology of determining the value of ERM from the joint perspective of finance theories and management theories. 2 Introduction Risk management is the primary function of insurance companies. In the traditional business model, insurance companies underwrite insurable risks and manage such risks through pooling with reinsurers, insurers and other risk carriers. The...
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...How to Help transform your organisation The Guide for Insurance Group PLC Leaders How to Help transform your organisation The Guide for Insurance Group PLC Leaders CONTENTS PAGE Title Page 1.0 Choosing a different Organizational Culture and Structure 2 1.1 Organizational Structures 4 1.2 Organizational Culture 7 1.3 The Relationship between Organisational Culture and Structure 8 1.4 Individuals Behaviour in the Workplace 8 2.0 Leadership Styles 9 2.1 Organisational Theory and Management 11 1.0-Choosing a different Organizational Structure and Culture When considering changing an organizational structure and culture of a company it is best to first to consider the external environment that the business operates in. Insurance Group PLC (IGP) operates in the insurance market, so therefore it is needed to consider structures and cultures that will allow the business...
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...(Germov 2009, pg 18-19 para 5) Doctors who support the medical profession for private health insurance benefit by maximising their profits with the “No Gap” incentive that private health insurance offers to their clients, Doctors are being encouraged to charge more then the scheduled fee however based on the marxism theory only those who can afford private health insurance benefit from such services. Low income workers are limited to health care options due to the rise in household bills, making private health insurance difficult to afford. In private health doctors are able to charge their patients their own fee for services/medical consultations etc. Medicare will pay 75% which is known as the “schedule fee” , private health insurance will cover the 25% gap. However the AMA actually encourage doctors to charge more then schedule fee, allowing the doctors to make profit by those who can afford to pay for these consultations. Until recently private health insurance companies were restricted by law to cover the “gap” fee making the patient having to pay the 25% out of pocket. Now every health fund must offer at least one “no gap” or “known gap” policy. Gap cover is only available to claim if your doctor has agreed to be in this arrangement with the private health fund. This limits the choice of doctor you wish to see which in fact was a particular selling point of private health insurance. The client is still able to choose their choice of doctor however it must be from the pool...
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...Agency Theory The agency theory looks at the problems that can arise in a business relationship when one person delegates decision-making authority to another. Typically the person that is delegating decision-making is considered the principal, and those that are delegated to are the agents. A principal is someone who is above another person, a manager, supervisor or president of a company. Agents are any people that are below another person and is told to make decisions on behalf of the company. Issues can arise in these settings when the agents choose to make decisions that are not beneficial to the company or that are beneficial only to them. A real life example of agency-principal relationships and how they can affect someone is a relator’s office. A realtor can easily exert an effort to increase their monthly rent r absolute sale price for a property they are responsible for. However, most realtors don’t feel it isn’t worth their time to try to increase these prices because they only receive a fraction of the price of the sale/rental in commission. They feel this way even if the total value to the owner of the property is enough to make it worth it in absolute terms. This isn’t the only example of how agency theory is applicable in the real world, the insurance industry use this theory as well. Say you have full coverage on your vehicle and this covers all repairs that are at no-fault to you as the owner of the vehicle. Say now, that there is a crack in your windshield...
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