...The Twenty-Sixth Amendment The Twenty-Sixth Amendment was established in the year of 1971 due to the draft of eighteen-year-olds. Many young people lost their lives, and families grieved over the loss of them that were drafted. Young, innocent people were drafted because there weren't enough soldiers to fight in World War II. Franklin D. Roosevelt, President at the time, once quoted, “ Old enough to Fight, Old enough to Vote.” The argument of this amendment was that eighteen-year-olds were being drafted and putting their lives on the line, but could not vote for the President of their country in which they were fighting for. The Twenty-Sixth Amendment lowered the age in which boys could be drafted and vote from twenty-one to eighteen and is...
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...not want anyone to know about what was going on during the convention meetings. The delegates made sure to keep everything a secret, anyone who was not a delegate were not allowed to attend any meetings. We have no written documents because they kept everything a secret of what had occurred during the meetings. The only details we have today is from a notebook that belonged to James Madison. However, James Madison is known as the “Father of the Constitution.” He had also helped write the federalist papers. At the Constitutional Convention James Madison had done a very good job. When the delegates had to decided to write the “Bill of Rights” he was against it. James Madison was afraid that the future people would just go by those ten amendments that were listed in the “Bill of Rights”. James Madison had believed in a loose interpretation of the U.S. Constitution. The Virginia Plan was one of the two opposing plans for the government. This plan basically was an outline of the federal government we have today. The Virginia plan was called for three branches of government. The three branches of government are the...
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...Written in 1787 at the Philadelphia convention, The United States Constitution is the shortest and oldest written constitution still in use. It contains a preamble, seven articles and twenty seven amendments. The very first thing you will read in the Constitution is the Preamble. It expresses the ideas in the Constitution using only these 52 words, “We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America”. Below the Preamble there are seven articles. The first article explains the Congress which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are ten sections in this article. Some of these sections describe the terms in which one may be elected for in the House or the Senate, how many people each state can have in each, and the compensation of these people. Other sections refer to bills, taxes and the power of Congress. The second article has four sections and it explains that the President holds executive power. It demands that the President must be at least thirty five years of age, and a resident in the United States for at least fourteen years. The article notes that the President is commander in chief of our military and reasons for impeachment. The third article and its three sections...
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...In 1919 the suffrage amendment gained momentum after twenty-eight states gave some amount of suffrage to women. The sixty-sixth congress convened in May 1919 with a Republican majority in both houses. On May 21, 1919, the House passed the amendment y a significant majority. The Senate passed the amendment on June 4, 1919. After the amendment passed Congress, thirty-six states needed to ratify the amendment in order for it to become a part of the Constitution. In order to keep the suffrage an image in the nation, Paul created the “Betsey Ross of Suffrage,” a flag that would have a star sewn on it each time a state ratified the amendment (Zahniser). By March 1920 one state needed to ratify the amendment. On August 18, 1920, Tennessee became the...
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...attorney be appointed to him. Abe Fortas was appointed to him, with the aim of conducting his case to the Supreme Court, to advocate for overturning the twenty-year-old Betts v. Brady ruling that the state must appoint counsel only in capital cases and under special circumstances. He went on to point out that the Supreme Court's "case-by-case supervision of the state criminal proceedings" as established in Betts v. Brady, went against the ideas of federalism, and that a more absolute ruling was needed. The Supreme Court overlooked many important factors in deciding Gideon vs. Wainwright. This case should have just been an another case decided by the standard that Betts vs. Brady, 316 U.S. 455 set back in 1942....
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...issues that were being resolved during the period. Three major amendments that defined the period were prohibition, Women’s rights, and the elimination of the “lame duck period” in a president’s term. While the 19th and 20th amendments were good examples of government reform in that they improved women’s rights and regulated the end of a president’s term, the 18th amendment went too far and took rights of people away. One of these amendments was the 18th amendment, also known as prohibition. This was the only failed amendment because it took away rights of Americans. The right that was taken away was to drink alcohol. If you made, transported, or sold alcohol, it was punished by jail time or even prison!...
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...Criminal Justice Procedure Amber Irwin Michiels CRJ306 Instructor Petrov July 31, 2013 Criminal Justice Procedure The criminal justice procedure involves a number of steps that must be taken carefully to ensure that a criminal does not get away with a criminal act because of law enforcement's failure to carry out each step properly. It is also set in place to protect the innocent from being unlawfully convicted. The modern justice process begins with investigation. After a crime has been discovered, evidence is gathered at the scene when possible, and a follow up investigation attempts to reconstruct the sequence of activities. Although a few offenders are arrested at the scene of the crime, most are apprehended later. In such cases, an arrest warrant issued by a judge provides the legal basis for an apprehension by police. An arrest, in which a person is taken into custody, limits the offender's freedom. The Arrest is a serious step in the process of justice. Most arrests are made peacefully, but if a suspect tries to resist, a police officer may need to use force. During arrest and before questioning defendants are advised to the constitutional rights, also known as their Miranda rights. The criminal justice procedure begins with arrest, followed by the booking of suspects, arraignment, preliminary hearing, grand jury trial, pretrial hearings, the criminal trial, followed by sentencing. In this paper, I am also going to discuss constitutional protections for...
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...do you think should be allowed to vote? Many people think that the voting age should be lowered or raised. Also if felons should be allowed to vote in prison. The typical voting age is eight teen. Nearly six million Americans cannot vote due to disenfranchisement laws. I think that the age for voting should stay eight teen. Also felons should not be able to vote because they can’t be trusted. Do you think that the age should stay at eight teen? The twenty sixth amendment ratified in 1971 establishes that eight teen year olds as the minimum voting age for both state and federal elections. Did you know that the original thirteen American colonies mostly set the voting age at twenty one reflecting the British law? Only seventy nine...
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...introduction to the historical, political, philosophical, and economic roots of the U.S. Constitution. It first reviews the philosophical arguments of the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists, those that supported and opposed ratification of the Constitution. The course then examines milestone Supreme Court decisions and the Court’s evolving interpretations of the Constitution. This course focuses on the first ten amendments of the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights, and the issues of slavery and civil rights as seen through major court decisions. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed...
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...because she, or she and her husband can’t afford a child, because she’s not ready physically, emotionally or financially— these are some reasons you’d hear if you asked women why they choose abortion. These are some of the reasons that convince pregnant women to end their pregnancy through abortion” . Methods of Abortion There are five different methods of abortion, each method depends on the number of weeks since the last menstrual period. The pill and Mifepristone are able to be used during the fourth to seventh week since the last menstrual cycle. The procedure usually takes three doctor visits; on the first visit, the doctor gives the patient the pill to kill the embryo. Then two days later, on the second visit, the doctor gives the patient another pill that causes cramps to remove the embryo. On the last visit, the doctor inspects if the abortion is complete, if it is not then it is due to an ectopic pregnancy. During the seventh to twelve week since the last menstrual period, it is possible for the Dilatation and Curettage Abortion to occur. The cervix is dilated and the curettage tool is inserted into the vagina to scrape and pull out the developing fetus out of the uterus. This procedure does not need no more than one doctor’s visit. The Suction Curettage is a type of abortion that can be done from the sixth to the fourteenth week since the last menstrual period. The doctor stretches the cervix with metal rods, and inserts a large plastic tube that is connected to...
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...Voting Age In 1870 the fifteenth amendment was passed granting suffrage to men of color. Fifty years later the nineteenth amendment was passed granting suffrage to women, and another fifty years after that the twenty sixth amendment gave eighteen year olds right to vote. All of these amendments were steps toward ending discriminating, but the United States has one last step. If the America is going to truly provide equal representation for all people then it ought to grant suffrage to those of age 16 and up. Before proposing that the voting age should be lowered it is necessary to examine the arguments of those opposed. Those opposed to lowering the voting age make three main arguments. The first being that teens under the age of 18 lack the maturity and brain development to make an informed decisions for themselves. The second argument contends that voter turnout among young people is already dismal and lowering the voting age would have negligible effects. The last argument claims that there is no valid reason...
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... Gideon would spend most of the next thirty years in poverty and in and out of prison. Throughout this time he was married four times, the first three marriages ended very quickly but the last marriage in the 1950’s would last longer. Gideon and his wife settled in Panama City, Florida after having three children who would later be taken away by welfare authorities. Gideon found work as an electrician but gambled to subsidize his low income. Gideon would not go back to jail again until 1961. On June 3, 1961 four fifths of wine, twelve bottles of Coca Cola, twelve cans of beer, about five dollars from the cigarette machine and sixty dollars from the juke box were stolen from Bay Harbor Poolroom which belonged to Ira Strickland Jr. A twenty-two year old resident that lived close by, Henry Cook, told the police that he saw Gideon get into a cab after walking out of the pool hall with a bottle of wine and pockets filled with coins. Consequently, Gideon was arrested in a nearby tavern and ordered to stand trial. On August 4, 1961, Clarence Earl Gideon appeared for trial before Judge Robert L. McCrary, Jr. in the Circuit Court of the Fourteenth Judicial Circuit of Florida for Bay County. The trial transcript begins as follows: (Lewis P9) The Court: The next case on the docket is the case of...
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...telling her to be quiet and he wouldn’t hurt her. She said she begged the man to let her go but against her wishes he tied her hands together and pushed her into the back seat. Once in the back seat she was then pushed into the floor of the car and her ankles were tied together. She said the man then drove the car out into the Phoenix desert where he raped her. After it was over the man demanded her to give him any money she had which she did. He then drove her back to where he picked her up and let her go. The woman’s terrified family brought her to the hospital to be checked out and shortly after the police took her statement. The police said that based on her statement they were looking for a Mexican man with a moustache around twenty eight years old. She said the man had black curly hair and was wearing jeans and a white shirt. Shortly after being questioned police could tell that the woman didn’t have her story straight. They said she gave very conflicting stories about the rape and was unable to give many details about the attack. She did say that the man drove a green car that was either a Ford or...
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...of rights was the name given to the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution. These amendments guarantee a number of personal freedom, limit the government’s power in judicial and other proceedings, and reserve some powers to the state and the public. At the beginning these amendments applied only to the federal government, later on they were incorporated to the government of each state. James Madison believed that all the citizens needed to be protected from the state and national government. Madison gathered ideas and came up with 42 rights that needed to be protected for each individual. His 42 rights were cut down to 27 by the House of Representatives. Then they were cut to 12 by the time Senate approved them. Finally only 10 were approved by the states. These became the first 10 amendments to the Constitution on December 15, 1791 and became known as The Bill of Rights. To me the most important amendment is the First Amendment. I think this amendment should never change. The First Amendment states, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” This amendment is the freedom of speech, religion, and acts. Thanks to this amendment we can all be unique, we are able to express...
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...discover a better way of doing things. One such ethical dilemma is the legal age to vote in elections. The Constitution The twenty-sixth Amendment to the Constitution guarantees every American “the right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age” (The National Constitution Center, n.d.). In America the legal adult age is considered 18 years. As an adult, an 18 year old will pay taxes on income he or she has earned. They pay sales tax on items they have purchased. They are old enough to drive a car and to join the military. These are the arguments many have given in favor of lowering the voter legal age form 18 years to 16 years, but there is another side to the story – one of opposition to lowering the age and in favor of returning the legal age to voting rights to 21 years of age as originally set forth by the United States Constitution. The United States Constitution was adopted in 1789, at which time voting was reserved for male property owners ages 21 and older. The Fifteenth Amendment, passed in 1870 gave voting rights to all males over the age of 21, while the 19th Amendment finally extended voting rights to women. In 1971 the legal voting age was dropped to 18 by the ratification of the 26th Amendment, which was adopted in reply to protests from students in opposition of the Vietnam War. They claimed if individuals were old enough...
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