...sckscm dkcsdkfcjcnsejcnjThe Great Wall Of China Research Paper Sample The Great Wall of China Research Paper Introduction The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest historical monuments that people inherited from the ancient epoch. Some elements of the Great Wall of China, built hundreds of years ago, still exist and attract millions of tourists. The question concerning the reasons for the creation such a huge construction still remains unanswered. Nowadays, it is only possible to suggest different theories and presuppositions concerning the creation of the Great Wall, but it is very difficult to give a definite answer to the question of the reasons for its creation. However, specialists (Waldron and Barfield) agree that the construction of the Great Wall of China was particularly intensive during the Ming dynasty and they emphasize that the Wall did not really had its strategic defensive significance but they rather indicate to the foreign relationships of China and Mongols as one of the major factor that defined the policy of the Ming court at the epoch. But the positions of Waldron and Barfield, in spite of seeming similarities, differ consistently since Thomas Barfield rather gives us a model for the long-term trends, history is actually made in real time, by specific persons with specific arguments. Only Arthur Waldron’s detailed picture of the policy paralysis at the Ming court offers a convincing case of why the Great Wall of China was built. Waldron’s view on the reasons...
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...Jonathan Mordh A.L.L. 3361W 2011.12.19 The Evolution of Taiwanese Identity It may seem that, just as individual provinces of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) have their own unique differences; Taiwan could also fit under the “One China” world-view envisioned by the PRC. Indeed, the acceptance and recognition of same historical and cultural connections have kept the present PRC’s provinces bound together over such large distances to the north, south, and west. With Taiwan located off the coast of Fujian province, relatively close to the heart of the PRC’s economic boom, it may not be entirely obvious how the idea of two “Chinas” became plausible in recent time. Modern representations of Taiwan in cinema and literary fiction, however, shed light on the issues of Taiwanese identity and its evolution throughout its recent political and social history. These questions of identity can be examined in Huang Chun-ming’s 1960s era short story “The Taste of Apples”, where a Taiwanese family is exposed to influences of internationalism through both the Mandarin-speaking police officer and the American diplomat. When at the American hospital, the foreign nun speaking the local Taiwanese dialect indicated to the family “that their world had grown larger” (149). Here one can see the family as a representation of the isolated Taiwan of the past, and their interaction with the American and Taiwan government official as the effects of globalization. For the family, the introduction...
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...report would include the emphases of the how the unification of Vietnam would be relevant to its culture economically and help to build a stable nation. When explaining the importance of the economy and its importance to Vietnam’s unification, I would write in the report about the two economies that are present in the country. The economies offered in the country consist of an agrarian economy in the southern part of the country, which supplies its people with food and an industrial economy in the north (Herring, 8). This is vital to the report as it shows...
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...Reemes History 110A MWF 11:00-11:50 16 March 2015 Chapter 8: The Unification of China The unification and expansion of China during the Qin and Han dynasties (221-220 B.C.E) was a rich tradition of the social and political philosophies of Confucians, Daoists, and Legalists was the foundation on which these and later dynasties rested. The important elements that contributed to the unification of China in this period were building a centralized bureaucracy staffed with professionals educated in Confucian thought and values, a prosperous economy based on technological and industrial development and long-distance trade, and standardization of the written language. Confucius was an educator and political advisor and his sayings were compiled in the Analects by his disciples. His ideas were fundamentally moral and ethical in character and practiced on how to restore political and social order. His ideas concentrated on the formation of junzi or superior individuals and did not allow personal interests influence their judgements. Confucius had edited the Zhou classics for his disciples to study. Ren, an example of key Confucian values, was a sense of humanity, kindness, and benevolence. There was also Li, a sense of propriety, courtesy, respect, and deference to elders. Lastly, there was Xiao, afilial piety and familial obligation. He wanted to cultivate personal morality and junzi for bringing order to China. One of the spokesmen for Confucian school was Mencius, who believed...
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...China and Taiwan, while in practice maintaining a fragile "status quo" relationship, periodically grow impatient with the diplomatic patchwork that has kept the island separate from the Communist mainland since 1949. After losing the civil war to Communist Chinese and fleeing to Taiwan in 1949, the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) leaders of the Republic of China regarded the Communist Chinese government as illegitimate, claiming the mainland as rightfully their own. Beijing, in turn, regards Taiwan as a renegade province, and has tried repeatedly to persuade the island to negotiate a return to the fold. The KMT returned to power in 2008 after being in opposition for eight years. During this time President Chen Shui-bian and his Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) had engaged in policy that widely departed from the KMT, invigorating efforts to seek Taiwan's sovereignty. Current President Ma Ying-jeou takes a decidedly more conciliatory approach; shortly after taking office he declared a "diplomatic truce" with China. Since then, Taiwan's relations with the mainland have improved. Share 91 6 ------------------------------------------------- “One China” Principle The two sides sharply disagree on Taiwan's de jure political status. The People's Republic of China asserts that there is only "One China" and Taiwan is an inalienable part of it. Beijing says Taiwan is bound by the consensus reached in 1992 between the representatives of both governments in Hong Kong. Referred to as...
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...of China. According to Chinese history the first dynasty is referred to as The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. These were a group of semi-mythological rulers and culture heroes from ancient China being placed somewhere around 2852 BC[1] to 2070 BC. Let’s fast forward to 221 B.C when the Chinese saw unification of it’s kingdom, in a way, under the ruling of the Qin Dynasty. Once you learn enough about China you can start to understand why I say, “in a way” when referring to unification considering the status places like Macau, Hong Hong, Taiwan, Tibet and the uninhabited Diaoyu Islands. The Dynastic ruling ended in 1912 with the last Dynasty being the Qing Dynasty. The Dynasty type of ruling was replaced with the Republic of China. The Republic of China still exists today but is no longer in control of Mainland China, Macau, or Hong Kong. The current government in place is the People’s Republic of China and took over on 1 October 1949. China is currently a 1 party Communist state. It’s party is simply called the Communist Party. The Central Government is located in Beijing. The current president of China is Xi Jinping and the vice president is Li Yaunchao. The main governmental building which would be sort of the equivalent to the white house is called Zhongnanhai. This is the building where some of the highest ranking government officials live in. Although China has a one party country and as we know it is a communist state it also operates something known as One China two...
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...them. The primary objective of the Geneva Conference was to discuss and solve international issues concerning the Korean and Indochinese war. Nearly a decade after the Potsdam conference and still in the midst of the Cold War, the Geneva conference witnessed the meeting of the USSR, US and UK with intentions of reaching agreements for the future of Indochina. The conference involed delegates from the United Kingdom, United States, France, Soviet Union, People Republic of China, Democratic replublic of Vietnam (DRV) and the Nationalist Government of Vietnam. Issues proposed by Ho Chi Minh (DRV) concerning the future of vietnam included, the removal of foreign control, the unification of Vietnam, the development of a defence force for secuirty and the establishment of a communist nation. Resulting agreements of the Geneva Conference led to 'peaceful co-existence' with foreigners in Vietnam. Much of Indochina's history has endured the struggles of foreign control under nations such as France, Japan and China. In the 19th century French imperialism was massively expanding with empires consilidated in Africa and Asia. In 1883 France had completely conquested the south-east asian countries Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam which would be collectively known as Indochina. Indochina soon...
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...other countries. While in France, he was introduced to Communism, and became involved in leftist and anticolonial activism. Influenced by the communism ideas, he started the Association for Annamite Patriots, an organization composed of Vietnamese nationals living in France who opposed the French colonial occupation, and later became part of the French Communist party in 1920. He also started a journal to serve as a platform for anti-colonial activists to express and disseminate their views about the French colonial regime. Later on, Ho moved to Soviet Union and China and worked under various leaders in these communist countries. He studied the thought of Marx and Lenin, and the techniques of organizing a revolution. In China, Ho formed “Thanh Nien”, an organization composed of Vietnamese exiles living in China and dedicated to revolution in Vietnam. After organizing many a revolutions in and around China for the...
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...Dr. Song The Peace and Prosperity of the Tang Dynasty China is a country with an incredibly rich history spanning more than 2,000 years. This history involves centuries and centuries of dynasties being overthrown and the repeated splitting and reunification of China. With constant conflict and millions of soldiers having died over the years, one would think China would never experience a state of tranquility, and then the Sui dynasty was succeeded by the Tang dynasty. The Tang dynasty was a period of peace and prosperity for China. There were many factors that contributed to the peace and prosperity of the Tang dynasty, however it seems to be true that all things good must come to an end. This time of peace was disrupted by the Rebellion of An Lushan, which marked the decline of the Tang dynasty. There were many components that gave way to the peacefulness of China prevalent during the Tang dynasty, some of which were residual from the Sui dynasty. One of the major factors was the reunification of north and south China. This occurred under the reign of the Sui dynasty, which prevented future conflicts between the north and the south by creating a sense of unity and wholeness. Although the unification was done by force, it greatly benefited China and the Tang dynasty. It is said that this unification “ushered in three centuries of cultural flowering,”1 which is a very long period of cultural advancement, especially for China. Another feat under the Sui dynasty was the construction...
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...expansion in China’s international trade together with dramatic economy growth which has made China emerged as a key player in global economy. China is the fastest growing economy in the world with its Gross Domestic Production (GDP) growing at nearly 10 per cent a year and turned it into the second largest economy after United State. (Agarwal & Wu, 2004) China’s stable political system, vast natural resources and abundant skilled and unskilled worker has made it into a path to become “The World’s Factory”. (Sun & Heshmati, 2012) High productivity level of China has made it became the world’s largest exporting country which accounted for 10.9% of world’s export as in 2012. (Nation Master, 2013) In addition to stated-owned enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises also engage in foreign trade. Thus, China has formed an all-round and diversified import and export market. This study investigates the changes of China’s trade pattern from 1980 to 2012. Next, we will discuss the majors impacts on China’s international trade associated with the domestic and international events and policies took place during these year. Lastly, we will study the top 5 export and import trading partners of China in 2012. (212) Discussion China’s Trade Pattern Figure 1: Imports and Exports as a Percentage of GDP in China from 1980 to 2012 Prior 1978,under inward-looking and planned economy system, China conducted minimal trade with the outside world which only exports the raw materials and...
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...My Last Words: Qin Shihuangdi Reginald Leron Butler HUM 111 Dr. Aurello D. Givens November 26, 2014 My Last Words: Qin Shihuangdi My life began over 2,000 years ago in the seven states known today as China. At the age of 13 I took the throne as emperor, but due to my youth and lack of leadership, I had to relinquish power to my father figure, Prime Minister Lu Buwei. Lu Buwei was a very successful business man in Qin who introduced a sustainable tax system to the land as well as manufacturing and trade. Buwei efforts along with his involvement with the powers that be at the time brought great fortune to Qin which also created an economic climate for war. Buwei reign would last for 8 years until he was caught trying to take my throne, in an assassination attempt, when I was just 24 years of age. Lu Buwei latter took his own life in fear that I would come after him in his exile (Szczepanski, 2013). In the wake of the Prime Ministers death, I was able to take full control of my kingdom and in doing so I made some changes to the legislation. Because there were many assassination attempts on my life, paranoia took its toll on me, shaping my thoughts and actions. Due to this revelation, I had to make a change in legislation to fit my needs. First I banished all scholars from my court. Next I took away all freedom of expression of those that would oppose me. I even change the currency so that instead of many coins being accepted by merchants there would now only be...
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...such as Liberia and Mali. This advanced their societies at an amazing rate, turning them into much better countries than before. South America split into two separate countries, La Unión de América del Sur (The South American Union) and La Unión de América del Norte (The North American Union.) After the U.S.N.A. provided both militaries of the Unions with advanced weaponry, crime rates drastically decreased in an amazing amount of time. China was still a massive superpower, but none of the countries with new technology decided to share with them, causing them to fall down on the ladder of power. The East European countries formed together to create the...
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...China and India during the medieval era. Susana Gutierrez His/276 April 30, 2014 John Randall. China and India during the medieval era Most of the tribes of Eurasia were nomads with no real laws or a set place to live the simple move from place to place once they run out of resources for them and their herds of animals which was their livelihood. The nomadic lifestyle these tribes had made it difficult to avoid conflict with other tribal communities the way they manage their social and political laws was through family name, clans and tribal confederation. In their search for greener pastures sometimes they would fight for the same resources. The community that lost would move far away or make allies with another tribes to be stronger against all other to avoid extinction or slavery. The way they acquire goods was trading with other communities when they could not get it, they would use force and violence raids were a common against other nomad groups, but farms were not spare either. The farmers were no contest for the nomads such as the Xiongnu. One of the reasons China built the great wall. The Turks frequently exploited China and fought often amongst themselves. In history of Sui Dynasty tells us how the Turks rather fight each other than to live peacefully amongst each other, but the Turks run into the Tang Dynasty in china and disappear shortly after. In the 8th century the Vighors decided to create a new society in Mongolia and...
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...likely from the Henan province made during the early Tang dynasty which rulded china from the late 6th or early 7th ce. "the ancient character of hu depicts a container consisting of a tall body and a lid, with handle-like protuberances on each side.", there are three main types of hu , hu or round bellied, bainhu or flattened hu, and fanghu a square hu.[Orientations] "Framed is a bird acting dominate with bushy tail Tied off, it powerful wings curl at the tips."[Museum of Asian Art]. The bird’s claws stand on the body of a 3 headed snake while the snake’s body winds up the front of the bird. The bird holds the snake’s body in its beak and two of the snake’s heads dangle off from the bird’s chest. The third head of the snake is precariously placed behind the bird’s head acting dominant.[Museum of Asian Art]. The pilgrim flask design is believed to of been brought to China by the early Buddhist...
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...The period of the dynasty that unified China, the Sui Dynasty began the year 580 C.E. and lasted until 618 C.E. I was founded by an officer of the Northern Zhou, Yang Chien (Emperor Wen Ti), and his son and successor, Emperor Yang Ti. As an emperor, Wen Ti in his early actions restored the Buddhists rights, their clergy, and ended suppression of Daoism. Emperor Wen Ti achieved the unification of China during the Sui era, also the central government was reformed, institute the conscription of community servants from all ethnic and social classes; and established a uniform legal code that regulated land, taxes, rewards and reprimand, with the exception of the military all arms were ban. Northern and Southern China reunited, forced labor of men and women was used to build the Grand Canal, which "extended north from Hangzhou across the Yangzi to Yangzhou and then northwest to the region of Louyang"( ZenZuu – TAHITITI, n.d.). The Great Wall of China was fortified by the northern borders two capitals were restructuring, and another capital was built-in Yangchow. Confucianism began to reclaim recognition; and the noble classes increase their participation in society. After Wen Ti collapse, his son and successor, Emperor Yang Ti assumes the throne, with the support of his mother, the gentry and the military. Yang Ti was the opposite of his father, and was considering like taking over the imperial supremacy, and his reign was of extravagant spending, threatening and forcing his subedits...
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