...CHAPTER 1 - What is Corrections? | Chapter Outline and Summary | | | Chapter OutlineI.IntroductionA.Growth of the system has changed how much people know about corrections1.In 1973 the prison incarceration rate was 96 per 100,000 Americans2.By 2008, after 35 years of steady growth, the U.S. imprisonment rate reached 506 per 100,0003.About 7.5 million Americans are now in the corrections system4.Correctional population growth continued throughout the 1990s, although crime rates fell by more than 50 percent between 1993 and 20075.The expansion of corrections has affected some groups more than others6.About one-third of all African American men in their twenties are under some form of correctional control7.Prison budgets, by far the most expensive portion of the overall penal system, grow even when monies for education and others services lag8.Today, Corrections pervasive—especially for poor, minority Americans II.The Purpose of CorrectionsA.Punishment1.From the earliest accounts of humankind, punishment has been used as one means of social control, of compelling people to behave according to the norms and rules of society2.Protecting society by defining limits of behaviorB.Three basic concepts of Western criminal law define the purpose and procedure of criminal justice1.Offense2.Guilt3.PunishmentC.The central purpose of corrections is to carry out the criminal sentence1.Corrections—the variety of programs, services, facilities, and organizations responsible for the management...
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...Jail and Prison Paper Tara Frost CJA/204 June 15, 2015 Christopher Cannon Jail and Prison Paper Have you ever wondered about the types of prisons or the major differences between selected jails and selected prisons? Have you ever wondered about the aspects of jail and prison culture and subculture? Why do jails play an important role in the criminal justice system? What is the role of community-based corrections programs associated with jails and prisons? Did you know that violent behavior occurs in jails and prisons? Do you know what the role of probation and parole are? Well, this paper will answer all of those questions for you. By the end of this paper, you will understand a lot better about jail and prisons. Types of Prisons Prisons are grouped into two categories, which are state and federal (Schamelleger, 2011, p. 466). According to Schamelleger (2011), there are six types of prisons (p.468) One type of prison is high-security prison for long-term, high-risk offenders (Schamelleger, 2011, p. 468). There is one or more medium-security institution for offenders who are not high risks. There is even one institution for adult women (Schamelleger, 2011, p. 468). There are one or two institutions for young adults (generally under age 25) (Schamelleger, 2011, p. 468). According to Schamelleger (2011) there is also, one or two, specialized mental hospital-type security prisons for mentally ill prisoners (p.468). The last type of prison, is one or more, open-type institutions...
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...Community Corrections Paper Hope Washington CJS/230 Introduction to Corrections June 23, 2013 John Feltgen Community corrections programs oversee offenders outside of jail or prison, and are administered by agencies or courts with the legal authority to enforce sanctions. Community corrections include probation correctional supervision within the community rather than jail or prison and parole a period of conditional, supervised release from prison. The Community Corrections Division of the Department of Corrections supervises an active caseload of approximately 18,000 offenders in communities and work release facilities, providing guidance, support and program opportunities for all offenders returning to the community, holding offenders accountable to their imposed conditions, as they resume life within the community. Collaborating and supporting community resources and parties with a vested interest in successful offender transition into the community. Community based corrections can be viable for the youth but for an adult it is usually not sufficient to deter further illegal activity, we use projects like washing squad cars, litter patrol and with students we try to utilize some type of cleaning in the area of the school where they will be observed by their peers. It is great if you are not dealing with people who have committed violent crimes. Community based corrections is justifiable in today's society because many people believe making people accountable to their...
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...Community Corrections Community corrections are the programs which manage offenders outside of jail or prison. Community corrections include probation and parole. Probation is a correctional supervision within the community rather than jail or prison. Parole is a period of conditional, supervised release from prison. There are some offenders who do not present any threat to society, and to incarcerate them in a dangerous correctional system, which could cause harm or damage to the person, and possibly lock them into a life of crime. Community corrections would be less costly, and more effective to let them remain in the community under the supervision of a trained court officer. The offender can receive treatment that might help to turn their life around. There are a variety of community sentencing alternatives today that are cost-effective. There is the house arrest concept that requires convicted offenders to spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her home. The sentencing authorities must be assured that the arrestees are actually at home during their assigned times, so random calls and visits are a way for officers to check on the compliance of the house arrest orders. The electronic monitoring device is used to manage an offender in most home confinement orders today. The most secure intermediate sanction is a sentence to a residential community corrections facility; located in the community that houses probationers. Most often, residents are allowed to...
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...Rehabilitation Pap CAJ: Introduction to Corrections . Rehabilitation Paper The goal of rehabilitation came during the middle of the twentieth century when corrections adopted a medical model, in which crime was believed to be the result of an underlying pathology of offenders that could be diagnosed and treated (Seiter, 2011). Offenders were considered sick and in need of treatment to prepare them to return to the community as productive, law-abiding citizens. Correctional agencies implemented a variety of treatment programs to improve offenders and to provide them with the tools necessary to be successful members of society (Seiter, 2011). The need for rehabilitation of offenders was emphasized by the Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, appointed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1966, which noted a need for “substantial upgrading” of the correctional system and its reorientation “toward integration of offenders into community life” (Seiter, 2011). Throughout the years, many processes have been created to form the rehabilitation process of criminal justice. This process has reached out to many offenders and their families by allowing them to return to the community as changed individuals. Rehabilitation has many different process, but most, if not all have been proven successful in returning offenders to the community as changed individuals (Seiter, 2011). Rehabilitation is defined as a return to a previous form. In criminal justice, rehabilitation...
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...Justice Handling the Dilemma over Community vs Institutional Corrections It is the first day of break and Jimmy wants to have a good time with his friends. Long story short, Jimmy decided to drive home drunk and crashed into another car. The driver of the other car passed away.What kind of punishment should Jimmy receive? It seems fair for him to spend time in prison. Should he see probation after the jail time? How much? This scenario helps introduce the dilemma we have today as a society about institutional vs. community corrections. Punishment for crime has always been an issue for debate. With the growth of the American colonies, the colonists needed a system of punishment for lawbreakers. Many methods developed in Europe meant to bring shame to those offenders were adopted. Around this time, the world saw a change in punishment ideology; some began to stress that humans are not perfect and make mistakes. Thus, there should be more reform as well as punish. In 1682, William Penn made a push for change. He limited the death penalty to cases of murder only and called for fines and imprisonment for most offenses. This is widely considered the beginnings of the prison system in the U.S. He also helped start the creation of jails, like the High Street Jail. The first federal prisons were established in 1891. Before this date, prisons were organized by states and territories. The establishment of parole and probation, or community corrections, began in the 1870s. There...
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...Corrections Trend Evaluation Carla Howard CJA 394 University of Phoenix Corrections have existed throughout society for many years and continued to change and evolve in the United States reflecting society’s values and ideals throughout the centuries. In the criminal justice system, corrections exist in more than one form. Not only do corrections refer to jails and prison systems but they also pertain to community-based programs, such as probation, parole, halfway houses, and treatment facilities. Past, present, and future trends in regard to the development and operation of institutional and community-based corrections vary between states but corrections have grown immensely since the early 1800s and have continued to expand over time. Corrections are adamant to continue to expand into the future because crime is not slowing down so there will remain a strong need for corrections throughout society. The subject of this paper pertains to research of past, present, and future trends in the development and operation of corrections. In some ways corrections are similar to the operation trends of two decades ago. In other ways the development of corrections has come far compared to corrections in the beginning. Other subjects of the paper include current and future issues for prisons and prison administrators and an explanation for why these issues overwhelm corrections. A last topic for discussion is the roles of alternate corrections as a developing trend. ...
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...and a team of juvenile justice consultants are called in to make corrections. In reality, this team is composed of four state officials whose sole purpose is to develop a proposal to present to the state legislature for recommendations of adjustments to the juvenile justice system. This team of consultants is creating these recommendations including all aspects of community, law enforcement, courts, corrections, and the private sector or privatization involvement. The community should be involved in the future of the juvenile justice system along with funding, awareness, and assistance from the state. Characteristics of the Golden Program and the Reclaiming Futures Program The recommendation to the state legislature is to improve the juvenile justice system by introducing proven ways of enhancing community involvement through community-based programs such as the Golden Program and the Reclaiming Futures Program. One proven way to improve effectiveness according to Nissen (2007), is a program named Golden (the integrated care network) that involves court personnel and treatment resources for juvenile offenders, which connects juveniles to treatment and positive community involvement. “Reclaiming Futures” is a strategy program of youth advocates that promotes the needs of the juveniles along with community involvement (Nissen, 2007). How Court Personnel, Social Workers, and Case Management Enhance Community Involvement Goldkind (2011) mentions that...
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...Rehabilitation Process Paul Wall CJA/234 – Introduction to Corrections November 18, 2013 Instructor- Barry Lewis Rehabilitation Process Rehabilitation is a vital part of the criminal justice system process. The ultimate goal for any convicted offender is to return to society a better person. There are several options in the prison system when it relates to a prisoners release such as parole, and mandatory release. Probation and community corrections are both options judges have at his or her disposal during the sentencing process. Current rehabilitation options, the parole process, the probation system, and community corrections are areas that often need to be reviewed or critiqued. Because the rehabilitation process is the most critical portion of an inmate’s life in prison, officials need to review every program to ensure its value and substance. Rehabilitation in Prison Each inmate will began the process in which he or she begins to improve him or herself. Rehabilitation is a programmed effort to alter the attitudes and behaviors of inmates and improve their likelihood of becoming law-abiding citizens again (Seiter, 2011). When a person is rehabbing, he or she is trying to obtain the personal qualities and character traits once contained before the life of crime. Some of the modern rehabilitation programs main objectives is to make the offender an even better person than he or she was prior to committing crimes. The origins...
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...Court Case Analysis of a Young Offender The Canadian public perception of youth crime is that it is growing out of control and that violence crime is common. Sensationalized media coverage, frustrated law enforcement officers and vote-seeking politicians, have tended to portray only parts of the overall reality of youth crime (John Howard Society, 2008). The government of Canada has evolved over the many years to deal with youth crime from installing the Juvenile Delinquency Act in 1908 all the way to the Youth Criminal Justice Act recently amended in 2012. What these acts have accomplished is the separation of youth and adult sentences (Stevenson, 2014). This was done in order to protect children because it is the belief in Canada that children are not responsible for their actions because of Doli incapax or the inability to do wrong. That being said there is still legislation in dealing with youth crime that is punishing and effective (Stevenson, 2014). This paper will analyze a court case decision made under the Youth Criminal Justice Act which involves a young offender who was convicted of a gang-related murder and breached Conditional Supervision Order (R. v. S.(M.), 2014). This court case will be analyzed using relevant research on youth gangs using concept of theories that apply to our young offender. In conclusion, this paper will discuss limitations of laws and possible alternatives that dealt with the young offender. A summary of R. v. S.(M.), the court based...
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...RUNNING HEAD: Development of Corrections Development of Corrections There is no doubt that crime has been around since the beginning of time. It seems that crime will forever be present within society. It was societies’ decision to provide punishment for people who commit crimes. At some point in time, it became a unified idea to have some place to house criminals. The division of the criminal justice system that is responsible for housing criminals is known as The Department of Corrections. The Department of Corrections gives communities protection by providing jails and prisons for criminals. These facilities allow offenders to receive fair service while serving their time. The mission of places to house criminals is to reduce the risk of criminal conduct through a partnership with communities, with a continuum of community supervision, incarceration, sanctions and services to manage offender behavior. The fundamental value in the continuum of probation, prison, and parole is the principle that the least restrictive method be used to oversee offender behavior (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2009). Corrections have been around for quite some time. During the 1700’s, prisons were a terrible environment for prisoners. Prisons were nasty and did not provide good care for prisoners. The prisons were unsanitary and many prisoners got sick because of the filthy conditions. It has been proven that many times prisoners did not eat properly in prison and they received...
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...Dan Sullivan Criminal Justice November 25, 2013 Massachusetts Corrections “The Massachusetts Department of Correction is responsible for operating the prison system of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, US Massachusetts houses over 11,400 inmates (about 1,925 are serving life sentences) throughout 18 correctional facilities [2] and employs over 5,200 employees (about 4,000 of whom are correctional officers). The MA DOC also has a tactical unit, a fugitive apprehension unit, a gang intelligence unit, a K-9 team, a Special Reaction Team (SRT), and a Tactical Response Team (TRT). Both of these tactical units are highly trained and are paramilitary teams. The Massachusetts DOC is the largest law enforcement agency in the state of Massachusetts with a staff of 5,200, 4,000 of which are sworn officers. The agency is headquartered in Milford, Massachusetts and headed by Commissioner Luis S. Spencer” ("Massachusetts Department of Correction") “The Department provides a variety of religious services, which are supervised and coordinated by chaplain staff. Volunteer clergy and community churches assist chaplains in the provision of services. Chaplains provide regular religious services, religious education and pastoral care. In addition, chaplaincy services include Bible Study, Prayer Groups, Christian Fellowship, Christian Twelve Step, Parenting Groups, Family Religious Services, Religious Seminars and Holiday Observances. The Department recognizes that Chaplaincy Services are...
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...every human; Prisoners are human too. A prisoner is deprived of the human right of liberty though? CHCAD603A – Undertake Systems Advocacy CHCAD603A – Undertake Systems Advocacy Human rights are for every human; Prisoners are human too. A prisoner is deprived of the human right of liberty though? Where is the line when they are deprived of one are they deprived on any other human rights directly or indirectly? This essay explores the issues and basic human rights of an adult who is incarcerated and an analysis of structural, political and social factors which play their part in maintaining discrimination against this group and how they are discriminated against. Issues which affect adults in prison and how these affect the individual, community, society and government policy with examples of issues that have changed and how advocacy has been used to create change. The introduction of policies that have arisen as a result of identified issues and how they relate to Human rights will be another focus in this essay. There is a “Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners” guidelines which are an adaption to the Universal Human Rights charter specifically for those who are incarcerated. An example of this is rule 57 “Imprisonment and other measures, which result in cutting off an offender from the outside world, are afflictive by the very fact of taking from the person the right of self-determination by depriving him/her of his/her liberty. Therefore the prison system...
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...Community Corrections or Incarceration Are community corrections a better solution than incarceration? Michelle Brooks ITT Technical Institute Community Corrections or Incarceration Abstract In this research paper will read about different subjects and topics that pertain to incarceration and community corrections. The incarceration rate is going up in the United States while at the same time community corrections is slowly fading away because of limited support from the local communities and government officials within each state. In this research I hope to find out those community corrections has more to offer than incarceration. In conclusion incarceration is not the right way but community corrections will be. Community Corrections or Incarceration Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Background on Community Corrections Background on Incarceration Effectives of Community Corrections Effectives of Incarceration Programs dealing with Community Corrections Programs while Incarcerated Theory Interview with Mr. Sharron Wilson Result Reference Page Community Corrections or Incarceration Introduction Community Corrections is a better solution than incarceration because it offers many different alternative programs for several different types of offenders. Incarceration also offers similar programs...
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...Community Corrections has been a big part of the criminal justice system. It is used as an alternative to imprisonment. The United States costs have risen in the last twenty years, these costs have come from building more jails and prisons. Policy makers needed to come up with a solution that could help cut these costs, and also stop overcrowding in prisons. Many states are on community- based corrections now. So the question is how can evidence-based practices in community corrections effectively manage offenders without compromising safety? To be able to meet this challenge it requires correction leaders to the use the most effective resources and focus on giving services that prove to reduce offender recidivism. Some examples of community corrections are parole and probation. Both systems watch convicted offenders and sometimes use the same sanctions and rehabilitation programs, but work differently. For instance, offenders on probation serve their sentencing in the community instead of being incarcerated. On the other hand, an offender on parole served time in prison but was granted to be let out in the community; due to maybe good behavior or time served expired. As policy makers now focus to have community- based corrections, probation agencies are stepping up to the plate as a leader. Probation higher ups are having the challenge to help lower these pressures by handling the growing number of offenders within the community. Instead of sending these offenders to prison...
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