...Running Head : Comparing the theories of Freud , Adler and Jung Comparing the theories of Freud, Adler and Jung Alfred Adler , Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung collectively and individually contributed immensely to the development of contemporary psychology . The three notable individuals either worked together at some point or corresponded on a number of s , though they had varied views and each went ahead to adopt his unique theories . Adler developed the theory of personal development , Freud the theory of sexuality and Jung 's of mythology All the three individuals had varied views on personality . Freud viewed an individual as possessing three levels of personality , the id , ego and the superego . The id contained primitive drives that acted on the basis of pleasure principle . Its main goal was to seek immediate pleasure and avoid pain . The ego was aware of reality and operated via the reality principle , on the basis of secondary processes of perception recognition , judgement and memory . The superego sought perfection , it contained values and social morals contained within the conscience Boeree (2006 Jung on the other hand , identified the ego as the conscious mind which was related to personal unconsciousness . He developed the concept of collective unconsciousness a part of the psych which was inherent , and influenced our experiences and behaviours especially the emotional ones According to Jung , this collective unconsciousness linked humanity together ,...
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...Influence of entertainment media paper Investigating the interrelationship between the entertainment media and culture. The media and culture are so much a part of our days that sometimes it is difficult to step back and appreciate and apprehend their great impact on our lives. Think of a normal typical day of your life, many people wake up to their alarm that’s set on their cell phone. Soon after waking up everyone has a routine that includes some type of media whether it be check your text messages or look at Facebook or read the newspaper, or check your email, turn the TV on and watch the news or the weather. Some will turn the radio on and listen to the news. Then you go to work or school, and your classes and jobs most likely use various types of media from course management software to PowerPoint presentations. Then you return home at the end of the day and wind down by watching TV or playing video games or watching movies and so on. These days its almost like we rely on media on our everyday life. American culture has changed over time I think a lot of it has to do with technology. The more and more technology grows and gets smarter it shapes our culture and affects us and we change and shape to it. We become dependent on technology. It has changed our culture by always having our phones out sending text messages constantly; taking pictures everywhere you go posting them to social media websites. These days everyone knows where you are and what you’re doing. Visual...
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...Freud’s views contributed so much to psychology as we know it today. Still it continues to influence contemporary psychology. This approach really caught my attention as I could relate so much to his concepts during my voluntary work. I worked along with a pastoral counsellor working mainly with a basic style of “what you put in is what you get out.” What I mean is, is that just like Freud’s concepts that focuses on early childhood experiences and the unconscious mind, we really went deep into the past of a client to find out where all the trauma began. What better way to understand the life world of someone and why they do what they do and experience what they experience? Freud is also recognized for identifying certain psychosexual stages of life. In short the stages are described as follows: Oral Stage: During the 1st year of your life you find yourself in the Oral Stage, sucking at a mother’s breast satisfies feelings of hunger and is pleasurable. Deprivation of this stage could result in feelings of rejections, mistrust of others or problems to form intimate relationships. Anal Stage: From ages 1-3 you find yourself in the Anal Stage, this stage pays attention to the formation of the personality, learning independence and learning to express negative feelings. Phallic Stage: During ages 3-6 we find ourselves in the Phallic Stage, this stage focuses in an unconscious desire for the parent of the opposite sex, but is repressed. This is known as Oedipus complex for...
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...Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud Introduction Carl Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) were two individuals whose theories on human personality would completely affect the way that people viewed the human mind. Carl Gustav was a practicing psychotherapist while Sigmund Freud created the discipline of psychoanalysis. The two men had seemingly identical beliefs about human behavior, but also had contrasting beliefs about concepts such as the ego, the psyche, and the state of unconsciousness. Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud’s Theories Sigmund Freud’s beliefs about personality were based on past experiences in an individual’s childhood. Freud stated that all human beings had three personality levels. These were the ego, the id, and the superego. The level of the id is the one that houses a person’s primitive drives and supports the enactment of decisions that are purely based on pleasure. The id’s objective is to avoid pain at all costs and only seek pleasurable sensations. The ego, on the other hand, identifies the significance of reality and makes decisions based on concepts such as judgment, perception recognition, and memory. The last level, the superego, is dedicated to seeking perfection (Reber, 2006). This level houses the individual’s accepted social morals and ideals in the conscience. Jung had different views about the different mental levels in the conscious mind. Instead of the ego, id, and superego, Jung perceived the human thought process as constituting of...
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...Behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, and Psychoanalysis. Structural psychologists believed the purpose of psychology is to describe, analyze, and explain conscious sensations and feelings. Behaviorists believed conditioning could change human behavior. Gestalt psychologists theorized humans and some animals perceive the world around them in an organized pattern. Psychoanalysts believed that powerful inner forces from the unconscious mind develop and influence human behavior. This paper will discuss the personality theories proposed by Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. This discussion will include a description of each theory. In addition, this paper will analyze the strengths and limitations of these theories. Finally this paper will compare and contrast each theory based on basic and underlying assumptions, deterministic versus free will, and awareness of self. Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud, a psychologist from Vienna, was the first person to propose the Psychoanalytical Theory of Personality. Though his work, he suggested the personality is comprised of three separate elements, the id, the ego, and the super ego (Burger 2008). The id, present at birth, is entirely unconscious, and includes primitive and instinctive behaviors. The id is driven toward immediate gratification, known as the pleasure principle (Burger 2008). The id is important in early life, ensuring that the demands of an infant are met. If these needs are not satisfied, then the individual will experience anxiety...
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... Sigmund Freud, is said to be one of the greatest Psychologist of all times. Although he has a different outlook on understanding how people act is quite intriguing. In comparison and contrast the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler are very different and unique. However, Freud, Jung, and Adler are not at all alike. Freud based most psychological things on sexuality. Jung, promoted the concept of archetypes, and Adler believed in the “will power” theory Adler also believed that fundamentally, human beings are self-determined. Freud is big on self-consciousness; Jung said “the aim of life is to know oneself, and to know one is to plumb the depths of the inchoate seas of not only the personal unconscious but the collective unconscious as well.” Adler stated that “individual psychology based on the idea of the indivisibility of one’s personality.” Freud, Jung, and Adler became fast friends through their avid interest in psychology. Alfred Adler, a medical doctor with a deep interest in psychology and human nature, met Freud in their native Vienna in 1900 at a medical conference where Freud presented his new theories about dreams and the unconscious. Freud met Jung and after a mega- meeting of thirteen hours of discussion, became cohorts in spreading the wonder of psychoanalysis (Bridle & Edlestein, 2000, Spring/Summer). Alfred Adler and Carl Jung liked Freud’s definitions of id, ego, and superego, but had no interest in the sexual ideation in his theory. There was...
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...Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issues” This essay will look into Freud’s psychosexual theory and will describe how it relates to adult neurotic behaviour. The essay will then look at some of the criticisms he had. Psychoanalysis, begun in the 1900s with Sigmund Freud being hailed the Father. Freud's theories of psychosexual stages, the unconscious, and dream symbolism remain a popular topic among both psychologists and laypersons, despite the fact that his work is viewed with skepticism by many today. 1 Many of Freud's observations and theories were based on clinical cases and case studies, making his findings difficult to generalise to a larger population. Regardless, Freud's theories changed how we think about the human mind and behavior and left a lasting mark on psychology and culture. Another theorist associated with psychoanalysis is Erik Erikson. Erikson expanded upon Freud's theories and stressed the importance of growth throughout the lifespan. Erikson's psychosocial stage theory of personality remains influential today in our understanding of human development . 2 The aims, which are similar to psychodynamics with psychodynamics commencing in the 1940’s. Psychodynamics continues as a discipline in its own right, and could be viewed as the child of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a lengthy form of therapy whereas psychodynamics is often...
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...Introduction In reading this paper you will see a comparison and contrast to Freud, Jung, and alder, and many studies that each one learned and thought. Simund Freud was born in Austria in 1856. Freud was dedicating to the learning and teaching of research and personality disorders. Freud added sex as a source of stress and conflicts. Simund Freud also had two key concepts, psychic determinism and unconscious motivation. Freud studied in Vienna. Simund Freud also believed that personality had three structures that consist of levels, conscious, pre conscious, unconscious. Later on in Feud career he developed five stages, oral, phallic, anal, latency, and genital. Freud was teaching that personality consist of three parts id, ego, and superego. Freud also studied nine types of defense mechanism. Just to name a few and what their meaning are. (Repression) Life long history of problems, Unconscious avoidance. (Denial) One cannot face the reality of evidence. (Projection) In the beginning of Freud career he started off doing hypnosis, but later notice that it was inadequate for some of his patients. He then moved on to studying dreams. Freud believes that dreams have a person’s inner conflicts of physical and mental problems. Freud thought that dreams will in lock ones inner secrets. Freud referred to dreams as the “royal road” to understanding the unconscious. Carl Jung was born in July, 1875 in Switzerland. There he grew up with both of his parents...
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...Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler. Each psychologist was an influential thinker, early founder, and contributor to the modern science of psychology. They spent many years doing technical investigations on astronomy, medicine, and laboratory testing in understanding human needs and characteristics. Each man’s philosophy was alike but different. Freud’s philosophy is founded on personality, conscience, desires, needs, natures, and thoughts. Freud studied five stages of personality development that included: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital. All these five stages detect a human’s character from birth to adulthood. According to A+E Television Networks, LLC (1996-2012) “Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Austria. Freud theorized and practiced neuropsychology; he was the first to study Hysteria, and sexuality. Freud studied dreams, which he called the royal road to the unconscious, and laid out the five stages of sexual development. Freud still remains one of the most influential figures in today’s world” (1996-2012). According to A+E Television Networks, LLC (1996-2012) “Carl Jung was born on July 26, 1875 in Kesswil, Switzerland. Jung believed in complex or emotionally charged associations. Jung collaborated with Freud but disagreed with him about the sexual basis of neuroses. Jung founded analytic psychology, advancing the idea of Introvert and Extravert personalities and the power of the unconscious” (1996-2012). Carl Jung distinguishes his theory from...
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...The theories of personality make for an interesting topic of discussion. It has become known that traits and characteristics individuate personality. However, there is single way to describe someone’s personality. Comparing and contrasting Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung; each has perspectives with different and similar basic or underlying assumptions, describing the relationship between deterministic and free will concepts of humanity, and motives for behavior such as awareness of self. Each proposes strengths and limitations within the theory they describe as well. Underlying Assumptions When explaining concepts of personality, one cannot turn a blind eye to Sigmund Freud as he was an innovative mastermind in psychodynamic theory; better known as psychoanalysis. It is a form of theory as well as therapy for individuals to motivate behavior. He treated neurotic disorders for which there were no physical causes leading him to discover psychic determinism. This is an idea that exhibited behavior and personality are determined by psychological factors rather biological conditions or current life events (Westmont Psychology, 2002). He also believes that the unconscious mind controls part of someone’s personality. He explains that the unconscious psychological process determines thought, feelings, and behavior. Thus he created methods for exploring the unconscious known as free association, and analysis of dreams. Two cornerstones of psychoanalysis are sex and aggression because Freud...
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...Paper name Psy 360 your name Instructor date Freud and Jung: Early Psychoanalytic Theories Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung were two influential theorists in psychology (Nystul, M., 2005). Freud was considered the father of psychology and believed that human behavior was the result of unconscious conflict deep in the mind of individuals (Nystul, M., 2005). Jung’s theory developed directly out of Freud’s psychoanalytic approach; however he refuted several of Freud’s key points and placed an even greater emphasis on the unconscious. Freud and Jung were the key figures of the psychoanalytic approach to psychology; however their theories differed on several key points (Nystul, M., 2005). Freud’s psychoanalytic theory was the seed for many subsequent theorists’ work. His main assertion was that human behavior and personality derived from the unconscious conflict that arose in individuals’ unconscious (Fayek, 2005). He postulated that the unconscious was a combination of the id, which was the primal drive for all human needs (e.g., sex, hunger), the superego, which could be likened to the internalization of societal values and standards (e.g., the conscience), and the moderating ego that was the rational part of thought that controlled the impulses of the id and superego. Anxiety arose when individuals were confronted with fears of danger within reality (Shill, 2004). Neurotic anxiety occurred when individuals were confronted with dangers that arose in childhood, and can be connected...
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...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment PSY/250 Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Over seventy years after his death, Dr. Sigmund Freud is still considered possibly the greatest psychologist who ever lived. Freud had many followers. Two of the most significant followers, Carl Jung and Alfred Adler later join forces with Freud. The trio has been referred to as, The Three Wise Men. In the following text, I will be discussing the differences and similarities of the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler. I will be discussing a couple of examples of traits adopted from each the theories of these wise men that I agree and disagree with. I will also be discussing the stages of Freud’s theory and characteristics of such. Lastly, I will give three examples of Freudian type defense mechanisms used in every day life scenarios. Freud's innovative treatment method is based off of his own theories of interpretation. In the year of 1900, Alfred Adler, an MD with a curious eye for psychology and the nature of human beings, met Freud in Vienna at a medical conference. Freud shared his most current theories the unconscious mind and how humans dream. During the psychoanalytic movement, most people shared a common, open hostility toward Freud's radical ideas. Adler, on the other hand, could recognize the amazing quality of Freud's first book, The Interpretation of Dreams. In the article, he forced people to open their eyes and be cautious about Freud’s...
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...Paper name Psy 360 your name Instructor date Freud and Jung: Early Psychoanalytic Theories Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung were two influential theorists in psychology (Nystul, M., 2005). Freud was considered the father of psychology and believed that human behavior was the result of unconscious conflict deep in the mind of individuals (Nystul, M., 2005). Jung’s theory developed directly out of Freud’s psychoanalytic approach; however he refuted several of Freud’s key points and placed an even greater emphasis on the unconscious. Freud and Jung were the key figures of the psychoanalytic approach to psychology; however their theories differed on several key points (Nystul, M., 2005). Freud’s psychoanalytic theory was the seed for many subsequent theorists’ work. His main assertion was that human behavior and personality derived from the unconscious conflict that arose in individuals’ unconscious (Fayek, 2005). He postulated that the unconscious was a combination of the id, which was the primal drive for all human needs (e.g., sex, hunger), the superego, which could be likened to the internalization of societal values and standards (e.g., the conscience), and the moderating ego that was the rational part of thought that controlled the impulses of the id and superego. Anxiety arose when individuals were confronted with fears of danger within reality (Shill, 2004). Neurotic anxiety occurred when individuals were confronted with dangers that arose in childhood, and can be connected...
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...Sigmund Freud is a well-known psychologist, and is known to be one of the greatest of all time. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory was the earliest well-defined theory of personality. He had many followers in the beginning of researching the psychoanalytic theory. The psychoanalytic theory divides the human personality into three systems: the id, ego, and the superego. His theory also referenced most psychological things to sexuality. Carl Jung a psychiatrist and Alfred Adler a physician both became interested in Freud’s psychoanalysis in the 1900’s and visited Freud in Vienna to learn more about his theory. While in Vienna for several years, the relationship between these men came to a halt because of theoretical disagreements. Jung and Carl did not believe sexuality had much to do with psychology. Jung developed the analytical psychology, which interprets feelings and behavior in terms of both an individual and racial unconscious. On the other hand, Adler developed individual psychology, which interprets behavior in terms of a desire for pouter in the social order. Although these men had differences, they studied Psychology and did what they believed in. Jung and Freud both depended on the ideas of unconscious determinants of behavior, but to Jung the unconscious was broader than Freud could see. Freud unconscious only discusses a personal unconscious, which many of these contents were unacceptable or unpleasant. Somewhere in the that personal unconscious Jung believed...
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...the brain. Psychoanalysis is a form of psychotherapy for patients who have mental problems. This paper will provide thoughts on Freud, Jung and Adler’s theories on characteristics of personality. Psychoanalysis has three means the first is exploring the human mind, the second is treatment of psychological problems and the third is to understand human behavior better. In exploring the different theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler this paper with compare and agree and disagree with characteristics of research done by the three psychologists. In Freud’s theory an explanation of stages and characteristics of personality of the components used will be described. An understanding of at least three of Freud’s defense mechanisms will be offered in explanation with examples of real-life events. Psychoanalytic personality Assessment The theories found between physiologist Freud, Adler and Jung were interesting when all of the research is compared. Each psychologist spent years doing scientific research on physics, medicine and laboratory research in understanding human behavior and personalities. After comparing information each man’s theory was similar yet different. Freud’s personality theory is based on ego, superego, and the unconsciousness of human behavior, for example impulse, wishing, desires, instincts, and dreams. Freud analyzed five stages of personality development that includes oral, anal,...
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