DISTRACTIONS ON THE STUDY HABITS OF STUDENTS IN
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY–CAVITE CITY CAMPUS SCHOOL YEAR 2014 – 2015

Clyde Louie M. Brosas

------------------------------------------------- Undergraduate thesis proposal presented to the faculty of the Department of Management, Cavite State University-Cavite City Campus, Cavite City in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Management major in Marketing Management with Contribution No. __________. Prepared under the supervision of Mr. Frinze Al A. Bernal.

INTRODUCTION

Distractions are the division of the attention of the individual from the chosen object or task; it could be from internal or external forces. This may be attributed to lack of interest or lack of attention given to the object or certain task. Distractions are affecting the daily lives of people. The level of tolerance to these distractions may differ between people. Students are also exposed to different distractions that may affect their study habits. Students are exposed to distractions in and out of the school, every student may have 1 or more distractions and each one of them may differ from each other. Internal forces are forces that act on an object or scenario within the system of the student. Emotions, personal problems, hunger, are some of the examples of internal forces that may cause distractions. While noise extracurricular activities and work are examples of external forces that may also cause distractions to the part of the student. Unlike the internal forces, external forces are the pressures that arise from outside the concern of the student and yet also affect the student behaviour. Some of the students are having problems when it comes to their study habits because of some disturbances that occur while they are studying. These disturbances somehow affect the students and their performances. The study will help the researcher to determine some of the common distractions that the students of Cavite State University Cavite City Campus are affected with. The study aims to recommend solutions to solve problems like proper study habits. The researcher will also determine the percentage of the students in Cavite State University Cavite City Campus affected by these distractions. This study was chosen by the researcher for the reason that like the other students the researcher also encounters distractions when studying. And due to curiosity and personal experiences the researcher tries to determine some of the distractions that the other students encounter regarding to their study habits and the effects of these distractions on them.

Statement of the Problem This study will determine the different distractions affecting the study habits of students of Cavite State University Cavite City Campus. Specifically, the Study tends to answer these questions: 1. What is the demographic profile of the students in terms of: 2.1. course and section; 2.2. sex; 2.3. age; and, 2.4. civil status? 2. What are the study habits of the students in terms of: 3.5. time of studying; 3.6. frequency of studying; 3.7. time spent for the studying; 3.8. technique in studying; and 3.9. materials used for studying. 3. What are the distractions encountered by the students while studying? 4. How these different distractions affect the study habits of the students? 5. What are the significant differences between the distractions that was encountered by the each student? 6. What should be recommended for students to avoid or minimize these distractions?

Importance of the Study The study will be able to help Cavite State University–Cavite City Campus by determining the effects of distraction to the students. Through the observation of the researcher, different factors or distractions could be determined such as internal and external factors and with this, this research could also be used to be the basis of implementing new policies or strategies that would decrease these distractions and increase the academic performances of the students that would also lead to the prestige of the school. The instructors who would you this study could come up with a more appropriate teaching technique for them to get the attention of the students their teaching. Also with the help of these study particularly with the data that has been gathered by the researcher could also be used by the instructors who are also being distracted whenever their working. The parents of the students will also benefit from this study. This study will help them to further understand their sons and daughters and how do they help avoid this distractions that the students are facing.
Studying these distractions could help all the students who experience it. The study will help to evaluate how each student is distracted and how they respond to this distraction. The students with the help of this study and also the university and it’s instructors that also uses this study will be able to prevent or lessen the distraction they are experiencing. Furthermore, this study will be easily accessible to reach conscious students and future researchers who may need it for reference purposes and for supporting other research study that will be conducted after this study. The future researchers will also be able to gather ideas for other research that would be related to this study.

Objective of the Study The study aimed to determine the different distractions and the effect of these distractions to the study habits of the Business Management Student and Hotel and Restaurant Management Student in Cavite State University-Cavite City Campus.
Specifically, it aimed to: 1. Determine the demographic profile of the students;
1.1section;
1.2 sex; 1.3 age; and
1.4 civil status. 2. Determine the study habits of the students 2.1 time of studying; 2.2 frequency of studying 2.3 time spent for the studying; 2.4 technique in studying; and 2.5 materials used for studying. 3. Determine the distractions that are encountered by the students while studying. 4. Determine different distractions affect the study habits of the students. 5. Determine significant differences between the distractions that was encountered by each student. 6. Recommendation for minimizing or avoiding these distractions.

Time and Place of the Study The study entitled “A Study of Different Distraction Affecting the Study Habits of the Students in Cavite State University–Cavite City Campus School Year 2014 -2015” will be conducted in the premises of the said university from the start of the second semester June 10, 2014 – October 2014. This is the time that most of the students or participants of the study will be inside the premises of the school.

Scope and Limitation of the Study The study will be placed at Cavite State University–Cavite City Campus from June 10, 2014 – October 2014. The respondents of this would be the student in the said university and campus. This study will also be concerned about the study habits of the students before and after the distractions was experienced. Furthermore, the study is limited to the common distractions that were commonly encountered by the students – base on their experiences and its effects on the study habits of the respondents as presented on the questionnaire and will not determine on the students GPA or other results of their academic performances.

Conceptual Framework Figure 1 show the flow of the study, how the students are exposed to distractions. This shows demographic profile of the students who will be the participants of this study. This discusses the age, sex, gender and year and section of the participants this will be used to determine the different distractions affecting the study habits of the students and its significant differences the distractions that was encountered by the students in each courses. Significant differences of these distractions between the students in different courses will determine the different recommendation for each courses in Cavite State University–Cavite City Campus.

Demographic Profile

3. Civil Status 4. Year and Section 1. Sex 2. Age

Different of the distractions encountered by the students.

Significant differences on the distractions encountered by the students in Cavite State University-Cavite State University and its effect to their study habits.

Figure 1. Diagrammatic representation of different distractions affecting the study habits of the students in Cavite State University – Cavite City Campus school year 2014 – 2015.

Hypothesis There are no significant differences between the distractions encountered by the students in Cavite State University–Cavite City Campus and also these distractions have no effect to their study habits.

Definition of Terms

This is the operational definition of terms that based on observable characteristics and how it is used in the study.
Distraction is the divided attention of student or group of students from the chosen object of attention onto the source of distraction.
Internal force refers to the force that acts on an object or scenario within the system of the student.
External Forces Pressures that arise from outside the concern of the student and yet also affects the student behaviour.
Family problems a kind of mental disturbances affects the focus and study habits of the children. Noise is a sound that was produced external forces that was unbearable to human ear and affect the study habits of students.
Study habits are the ways that you study. The formed that you have created during your school years. Student a person engage in study, one who is enrolled or attends classes at a school, college, or university. Tolerance is a fair, objective, and permissive attitude toward those whose opinions, practices, race, religion, nationality, etc., differ from one's own; freedom from bigotry.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents related works of recognized experts. The researcher found some related works and include it on this chapter. Academic apathy can be a complicated issue, however, and generally no amount of lecturing, pleading, or threatening will change a child's point of view. First and foremost, then, you need to understand the causes behind this lack of motivation. Once you have a better idea of the source of the problem, you can think carefully and analyze the problem and formulate a more strategic approach to the problem. (http://www.greatschools.org/parenting/behavior-discipline/616-motivating-the-unmotivated-student.gs) However, motivation isn’t only the problems that the student today was facing. There are different factors that affect the student’s attitude in studying and for the researcher it was called distractions or disturbances.
Study Habits The literature on learning styles is extensive but controversial. While differences are found in the learning styles preferences of students in different academic disciplines and other populations, it is not clear if developing pedagogy to align with these styles is beneficial (Pashler, McDaniel, Rohrer & Bjork 2009, p. 105). Study habits preferences of the students differ from one another, this I maybe the reasons why the distractions that they encountered and its effect to them also differ, but it can never disregard the thought that each of the students were experiencing disturbances when it comes to their study habits. The premise that improving study habits and attitudes will lead to academic success (Luisa Baquiran Aquino, 2011). Effective study will only be achieved by the students once they overcome the distractions that were holding them to achieve its goal, and it was to focus more on studying.

Distractions Multitasking has been the subject of popular debate, but among neuroscientists, there is very little of that. Brain researchers say that what many people call multitasking should really be called “rapid toggling” between tasks, as the brain focuses quickly on one topic, then switches to another, and another. As all economics students know, switching is not free. It involves "switching costs" — in this case, the time it takes to re-immerse your mind in one topic or another (http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/instagram-shares-first-look-its-impending-feed-ads-8C11469283). Academic performance is affected by a number of factors including admission points, social economic status and school background. (Kyoshaba Martha, 2005). Froese (2012) had students participate in a mock-classroom where they watched a PowerPoint presentation followed by a 10-question quiz. Half the students engaged in active text conversations, while the others were not. Froese’s team calculated a 27 percent drop in student scores due to texting. The study of Froese’s team shows how texting distract the attention of the students and how it affects them. It shows that even though it was only 27% it still proves it has an effect to the students and yet this only caused by texting, the other distractions weren’t yet involved in this case. What if the other distractions were also involved? What effect could it result into? Learning how to minimize your distractions can dramatically increase your productivity and effectiveness, as well as reduce your stress. Without distractions you can get into flow, produce high quality work and achieve much more during the day. (http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/distractions.html) By learning top minimize distractions that the students encounter. Students may increase its productivity and could produce a higher grade than usual. We can’t totally abolish the distractions that we encounter but we can minimize it by the use of enough motivations for us to work to a certain goal. Study habits and distractions are somehow related to each most of the times students or not encountered different distractions that affects their productivity. Especially students who are commonly exposed to distractions and some of them are finding hard to avoid these distractions and that results to some unlikely performance in classes.

Family When parents become involved, children do better in school, and they go to better schools. (Anne T. Henderson,1987) This study also supports the idea of Uwaifo(2008) the presence of a single adult will lead to a positive influences that involves on the degree of tension of the students.

Financial Problems Children who has financial problem are more likely to show behavioural problems rather than the wealthier family (A. Zilanawala and N.V. Pilkaukas, 2010). Financial problems were obviously encountered by the less fortunate people. Financial problems were does not only affect the head of the household but also the whole family. The children were also affected and not only the head of the family.

Peers/ Friends In recent studies there are opposite effect to male and female of having influenced by their peers. Study shows that female with more female peers benefited from each other unlike the males with more female friends are having disadvantages (S. E. Black, P. J. Devereux & K. G. Salvanes, 2010). The interaction of the student within his/her family and friends are somehow plays a great role on how he/she could respond to this distractions and learning capability of the students. As Henderson says, that there are positive responds from the child if the parents get involved to his learning. This study was supported by the work of Zilanawala and Pilkaukas, that problem within the family affects the child in some way especially the financial problems. The interaction of the child to different to others does not end within its family, the Child sometimes spends more time with his peers or friends in which he/she develop different social skills and somehow develop its behaviour toward things. Family and friends play a huge and delicate role in the child’s behaviour toward things it could lead to either good or bad behaviour of the child.

Hunger Hunger is a condition in which people do not get enough food to provide the nutrients for fully productive, active, and healthy lives. People living in households where there is hunger are often forced to go without food because they cannot afford to buy it or cannot provide enough for everyone in the household. (Global Concern Classroom, 2013) These nutrients provide us nutrients to improve and maintain proper brain activity. Proper brain activity leads to being active and attentive in class in which result to nicer results in each activities in school.

Noise A major effect of noise in the classroom is the reduction of speech intelligibility, and the hearing and understanding of speech by children of different ages in various noise and acoustic conditions is a related important research field (B.M. Shield & J.E.Dockrell, 2003). Background noise can affect the academic performance, reading and spelling skills, concentration, attention, and behaviour of the students. Classroom noises can also affect the teachers and instructors (C.C. Crandel & J.J. Samartino, 2000).

Level of Interest Level of interest or educational interest in some terms is the desire to continually engage in a particular activity and the investment of time and effort is very similar to the characterisation of educational motivation. While the literature uses both terms, our reading of the literature suggests that the constructs educational motivation and educational interest are defined and characterized in very similar ways and are often used to express the same idea ( P. Goulhart & A.S. Bedi, 2011). As the population grows, the supply of foods couldn’t keep to its demand. That somehow leads to the increase of the price of one of the basic of every living being, food. Foods provide nutrients to our body without food we’re all going to die but according to Global Concern Classroom there are house hold where hunger are being forced to because they cannot afford to buy food. This situation leads to the inability of the child to focus or fully develop its body. For example when the child is in the classroom and his/her teacher suddenly called him/her to answer but he can’t seem to answer because he is more focused on his/her hunger. This is also the same if the student experience noise its attention is being diverted to the source of the noise rather than to the things he/she must do. While when it comes to the level of interest of the child, there are different things that interest the child. If the child shows less interest to the things that they were doing they won’t be able to show their full capability the same as in the class if the child is not interested to the subject or topic being discussed, the child shows lesser attention the discussion.

Internet (Social Media) Social media were such as facebook and twitter were known and popular around the world. Most of the teens and even adults were on the internet everyday and spent hours just checking their email and pages. And now the era of smart phones you can check your emails or be in the net by just using their mobile phones. Regular teens were spending an hour just to use the pc and another hour using their mobile web. This show how accessible is the net for us nowadays. (D.J. Flannery PhD., 2009 ).

Online Games/ Video Games One of the most common pass times of teens or even adults is video games. There are a lot of types and kinds of games that will suit everybody’s taste. Some of us was not only considering video game as a pass time, these was not a problem unless it messes with our other activities. In a recent a study on the how much time have a typical teen spend their time playing video game, shows that they were spending 1hour or more just playing video games. This was just for the typical teenager who played video games. These exposure to video games result to lower attachment to school of the students, they’ve prefer to play more video games than to do their homework (D.J. Flannery PhD., 2009 ).

Texting One of the most known features of a cellphone is SMS (Short Messaging System) or as we all know as text messaging. The creation of this system starts a phenomenon the texting phenomenon. This has been accepted by the public because of the reasons that texting is inexpensive, unobtrusive, and more convenient than snail mail (K.J. Paul, 2011). Due to its accessibility people spends more time pressing to their phones. This sometimes interferes with other task that we do leads to unfinished task or poor performance regarding to a certain task. We can’t deny that technology makes our life more simple and easy but there are still downsides in the abundance of technology. As the computer was invented the continuous development of its uses are unstoppable. Now, you can talk with your friend from a far away land and even see his face with the use of social media. You can also play a game with hundreds of different people from different side of the world thank to the internet. And even our phones are also capable of doing these things. But as it helps us, it sometimes affect us negatively just like when we are bound to the some things but we forget or set aside this things to play or talk with our friends. Technology can also be a distraction.

METHODOLOGY This chapter deals with the research design, sources of data, data gathering procedure, data analysis, statistical treatment, and research instruments. Research Design A descriptive research is kind of research that uses questionnaire to gather data that will answer the questions about the current subject or topic of the study. This kind of research also uses formal instruments to study preferences, attitudes, practices, concerns, or interests of a sample. This research design will be used by the researcher to gather the needed information for the research. This research design would help the researcher to prove its given hypothesis.

Sources of Data The required data will be obtained by the use of the questionnaire and interviews. The researcher will get the number of students in Cavite State University –Cavite City Campus from the registrar’s office of the Cavite State University Cavite City Campus. The other data will be gathered through the survey, the researcher will interview the selected participants from each tear and class in Cavite State University – Cavite City Campus for further analysis of the data gathered. The other supporting data shall be obtained by the use of books, internet sites, thesis, and other research works.

Data Gathering Procedure The researcher will create a survey form with the help of the researcher adviser. The questionnaire will be formed by the researcher for the students in Cavite State University Cavite City Campus. The researcher will request for the number of enrolled students in the campus from the campus registrar. After determining the number of respondents, the researcher has started to conduct a pre-test survey before conducting the actual survey to the chosen participants. The pre test has been conducted in San Sebastian College in Cavite City. The researcher chooses a section which the researcher uses random sampling and chooses 20 participants to answer the questionnaire in order to determine if there were possible problems that could happen while answering the questionnaire. The researcher gathered the data and analyzes the data of the pre test samples in order to see the possible result of the study, but this may vary when the study is done. After editing the questionnaire the researcher will validate the questionnaire to its adviser and start the actual survey. Before the actual survey on the particiapants, the reseacher will use fish bowl sampling technique in order to determine which sections in the specific year and courses will be the participants of the study. The researcher is aware that the students could have a class and because of this, the researcher would ask for the permission of the home room teacher for the researcher to conduct its survey. The researcher will distribute the questionnaire and collect it when the participants are done answering. The researcher will also conduct personal interviews to obtain other supporting data that could help the study and further understand the answer of the participants. The researcher wouldn’t rush the participants when they are answering because the researcher knows that it may affect their answers. After the participants are through with the survey questionnaire and the researcher are done conducting the interview, the researcher will summarize the data gathered. The researcher assures that the answer of the participants will be classified and summarized to obtain necessary data. The researcher will assure the confidentiality of the answer of the participants throughout the survey is done.

Research Instrument The researcher formulate questionnaire in order to gather the needed information. The researcher will conduct a survey within Cavite State University-Cavite City Campus.
The questionnaires was based on the previous study of Bagongon, Christian K and Edpalina, Connie Ryan “ The Effect of Study Habits on the Academic Performances of Freshmen Education Students in Xavier University, Cagayan De Oro City, School Year 2008 - 2009” in year 2009. The researcher has conducted a pre – test on San Sebastian College de Recoletos Cavite city in order for the researcher to determine the difficulties that will be encountered by the participants that would answer the questionnaire. After, determining the problems that the participants would encounter the questionnaire will be revised by the researcher and its adviser according to the information needed in this study. Data Analysis Frequency and percentage will be use to present the data. The frequency is the number of times that particular values are obtained in a variable while percentage is a special type of proportion where the ratio is multiplied by a constant, 100, so that the ratio is expressed per 100. This was used to determine the percentage of the students in the different courses the will participate in answering the questionnaire. By the use of frequency and percentage the data would be easy to understand. ANOVA and weighted mean will also be used to determine the significant differences between courses. ANOVA will show the comparison of data from each courses in which they were treated equally. By this, data will be clearly stated and the questionnaire will be distributed equally.

Statistical Treatment The level of the effect of these disturbances to the study habits of students in Cavite State University Cavite City Campus will establish by converting the weighted means into verbal description using the following equivalents: Likert scale Score | Verbal Description | 1 | No Affect | 2 | Minor Affect | 3 | Moderately Affects | 4 | Greatly Affects |

Percentage Formula: %= fn x100 where: % = percentage f = frequency n = total number of beneficiaries Weighted Mean: Formula: X= ∑fxn where: x = weighted mean ∑ = summation n=total number of participants ONE-WAY ANOVA between the groups:
Formula:
MSA= SSAdf
Where:
MSA = Mean square
SSA = Sum of square df = degree of freedom

Formula:
MSSA= SSSAdfsa

Where:
MSAS/A = Mean square
SSS/A = sum of square df = degree of freedom

Formula:
F= MSAMSSA

Where:
F = mean square
MSA = Mean square
MSAS/A = degree of freedom