Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Foreign Literature:

The Internet now is a very important tool that proves useful to many of us humans. But the vastness of the internet proves that there are some sectors of the internet that may give ‘negative effects to those who would use lt. But of course, as we all know the internet is also used for many productive and helpful uses.

Dokoupil (2012) stated that majority of the human race use the internet and the devices used to access it But with the rising population of users it would be fairly obvious that we are slowly evolving into and age of smart people but even smarter machines. It could be a relatively symptoms of psychosis. Wherein we are consumed by the constantly evolving machines. As people observed in the internet, many stay indoors for longer periods loitering about surfing the net. Message boards and social networking sites often have users that stay logged- in for more than ten hours. Based on a recent internet survey, we see that the majority of people speend most of their time in front of computer screen
Now relating it to psychosis. Psychosis is a mental disorder wherein we lose touch reality varying in two forms, delusions and hallucinations.
Delusions are false beliefs about what is taking place of who one is.

Because of prolonged isolation some frequent intern users tend to develop symptoms of psychosis, hearing voices, seeing things, depression… etcetera. That’s why most experts fear that even though we are developed technologically, evolving machines drive us mad mentally. Actually, nowadays machines tend to act like cagers and the ones trapped are us humans.
As stated by Long et al (2001) that the most common negative use of the internet is pornography. Of course, pornography is only allowed to internet users age eighteen and above or in some countries twenty one and above But because the internet grants users being anonymous, minors can easily say that they are above the said age and access pornography with ease Aside from the fact that pornography is explicit for the youth to view, pornography may also cause mental disorders to the child in the future.

Most researchers believe that although pornography does not naturally cause direct or immediate damage to the child, just like smoke, prolonged exposure make slowly but surely cause severe damage to minor's mind. An effect of exposure pornography as a minor is extreme lust as an adult. Rapists and pedophiles are other victim of trauma due to early exposure to sex. Rapist are often those who were sexually abused or people who have depression and loneliness, a symptom that can be further enhanced when watching or looking at pornographic materials. Because they themselves think that they cannot find another person to love, that's why they search for people to victimize, but of course like the nature of a mental disorder traumatize rapist have no direct control of themselves as reported by some police officers in Northern America and Europe.
That come along the way. Nonetheless, the barriers should not stop individuals from truly discovering themselves. For it they want to utilize their potentials and the best of what they are in the world they live in, the secret and magic lie in achieving self- understanding first. These are three reasons for empowering the self. For oneself, For
Others, and For the Givers of Life.

* Barriers to Empowering the Self
The longest journey that an individual will take as the journey toward oneself
Discovering oneself takes e long time. lt is a lifelong process and oftentimes a painstaking one. Individuals may spend every day doing just that and still be a life time short of who they really are This is because they are hindered by their own lack of sincere effort and awareness. There fear pretensions and even false beliefs. And these barriers are Lack of Awareness, Egoism and Fear of Change. * Factors that Affect the Self-Concept
As individuals there are factors that affect the self-concept. These are
Relationships in the Family. Peers, Intelligence, and Abilities. Socio-Economic Status,
Names and Nicknames, and Appearance.

According to Littauer (2001), everyone wants a better personality. We rush off to personality courses that promise to transform us into sparkling within twenty-four hours, self evaluation experiences that will make us into minigods with maxi power or sensitivity sessions where we will feel our way into a fantastic future. We go expecting miracles and come home disappointed. We do not fit in the mold of the exciting person. bursting with potential. pictured as the norm, We have different drives, abilities and personalities and we cannot be treated as the same. * No Two Alike
If we were all identical eggs in a carton, a giant mother hen could warm us up and turn us into slick chicks or roving rooster overnight, but we are all different. We were all born with our own set of strengths and weaknesses, and no magic formula works wonders for all of us. Until we recognize our uniqueness, we cannot understand how people can sit in the same seminar with the same speaker for the same amount ot time and all achieve different degrees of success. * It is What Underneath That Counts
Every masterpiece is unique There are things that are similar, yes but not the same. * Each one of us is Unique
We started out with a combination of ingredients that made us from different from our brothers and our sisters. We were all born with our temperament traits, our raw material, and our own kind of rock. Some of us are granite, some marble, some alabaster, some sandstone. Our type of rock does not change but our shapes can be altered. So it is with our personalities. We star with our own set of inborn traits. Some of our qualities are beautiful with strains of gold. Some are blemished with fault lines of gray. Our circumstances, IQ, nationality, economics, environment and parental influence can mold our personalities but the rock underneath remains the same. This provide a quick psychology lesson in easy, enjoyable terms so that we may examine our own strengths and weaknesses and learn how to accentuates our positives. and eliminate our negatives. And understand other people and realize that just because others are different does not make them wrong. Personality is the sum of total man's character traits. It is the expression of what a person is and what he or she do. This affects the identity to express or who he or she is, along with behavior. As the differences in personality are caused by two major factors: heredity and environment.
Individuals or the adolescents, who experiences the two major factors eventually experience the need for self-actualization. The adolescent group is a unique audience.
Their personality is shown in varied places and through their speech and actions. They intend to explore many things, places. people, and their identity, they hang out more that with their family, they somewhat evolve in social transformation having each radical change. They have the anxiety towards their identity, copying another person, imitating that person, losing their original self, not becoming somebody else. Their insecurities kill them, slowly but surely. There are different phases of personality; physical which refers to outside make-up of the person, social is how the person relate with himself or herself and with other people; intellectual refers to the range of ideas the person has; emotional is determined by the likes and dislikes of a person; and value system which refers to the way the person look of life.
The study of personality is very much important because the failure and success of a person's everyday undertakings depends on it. And also that, personality is in tied with identity, it is outside while the latter is in the inside.

intervening in the cycle more possible.

* Your Attitude ls a Decision
Attitude is defined as a way of looking at or viewing life Thu is why attitude has been described as the "control center" of their life Their attitude is a decision, and it is a learned behavior. Make a decision to bring a positive mental attitude to everything they do in sports. Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference. It is their attitude at the beginning of a difficult task which, more than anything else, will affect its successful outcome. They always believed that they can think positively just as well as they can think negatively. Ability is what they are capable of doing. Motivation determines what them do. Attitude determines how well they do it. They cannot control what happens to them, but they can control their attitude toward what happens to them, and in that, they will be mastering change rather than allowing it to master them. A pessimist is one who

As cited by Gonzalez Psychologist such as ( Hoelter and Rosenberg) have formulated complex of the self-concept , in which self-perceived traits are attached to specific roles, while others are attached to several or all roles creating a source of consistency in the self-concept. These differences in self- attribution across diverse contexts are expected to emerge especially in adolescence, when cognitive advance and expansion of social role propel dedifferentiation into “multiple selves”.
Such complex development of identity structure has far-reaching implication for adolescent identity formation in the Philippine context, whose collectivist culture highlights the importance of relational aspect in determining self-concept. Filipino adolescents might find themselves confronted with task of integrating multiple, often conflicting societal expectation and standard in the process of acquiring a viable of adult identity. Indeed, according to Erikson (1956) stressed that the crucial leak of establishing an identity appropriate for adult life entails successful resolution during the adolescent development stage otherwise unsuccessful resolution in an identity crisis.