...Why did China fare much better than the United States and the United Kingdom during the 2007-2009 financial crisis ? 1. Global financial crisis 2007 to 2009 1.1 Background The 2007-2009 financial crisis started as a sub-prime crisis in the United States (US). The Wall Street, driven for higher profits and low federal fund rate in home ownership began lending to sub-primes (Whalley et al, 2009). The mortgage loans were then re-packaged into financial instruments and sold to investors globally. When the housing prices declined in 2006, sub-primes defaulted on their mortgage loans as the values of their houses depreciated. These non-performing loans grew in sizes and led to the collapse of the mortgage loan market and collateralised debt obligations, leaving banks and financial institutions with lower net worth (Bianco, 2008). Due to the interconnected economies, the impact of the crisis spread beyond the US and resulted in a global financial crisis. | | | 1. | | | 2. | | | 3. | | | 4. | | | 5. | | | | | | | | | | 1. | | | | | | | 1. | | | 2. | | | 3. | | | | | | GDP: GDP growth (%): Considering that China’s GDP was only a third of the USA’s, its fiscal stimulus package size was significant in comparison to USA and UK, where the stimulus package were only 6% and 1.4% of their respective GDP (Fleet, 2010).. Hu Jintao committed at the G20...
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...repeated. This is often used in the treatment of drug and alcohol abuse, and is being studied as a smoking cessation method. Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit substance in the United States, with approximately 5.5 million regular weekly users and high prevalence among young adults. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in marijuana use as well as in rates of marijuana use disorders among adults in the 18- to 29-year old age range, most markedly among members of ethnic groups. This paper will define contingency management and how it is implemented by a competent and trained human service worker. By using contingency management the effective treatment of marijuana abuse and the ability to abstain will be investigated. Introduction Contingency management in medicine is a treatment plan that gives immediate rewards for desired changes in behavior. It is based on the principle that if a good behavior is rewarded, it is more likely to be repeated. This paper will define contingency management and how it is implemented by a...
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...financial literacy needed to make financial decisions in their self-interest. A growing number of analysts and politicians are blaming the intersection of low levels of financial literacy with complex, financially-engineered products for the current economic meltdown and have proposed a number of solutions to this problem. These solutions range from mandatory education in personal finance to required simplification of financial products and greatly increased regulation. This paper examines evidence on the effectiveness of personal finance education on both financial literacy and financial behavior. If the problem can be solved through education, it is likely to reduce the perceived need to limit choice in the marketplace for retail financial products. If education is shown to be ineffective, the future of financial product innovation and financial engineering may be greatly limited. Supporting the effectiveness of education in promoting self-beneficial financial behavior is a well-known paper by Bernheim, Garrett and Maki (2001) which linked required high school education in personal finance to higher levels of saving, decades later, in middle age. On the other hand, five national surveys of high school seniors conducted since 2000 by the Jump$tart Coalition (Mandell 2001,...
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... GETTY IMAGESSCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IS awesome—we read it, we build upon it, we innovate with it, and we love it.But the process of getting research from the scientists who spend months or years with their data to the academics who want to read it can be messy. It takes a long time. It’s expensive. And the researchers involved give their work away for free—as do the peer-reviewers who approve it. Many researchers have long believed publishing power has evolved to lie in the hands of a few big companies, like, say, Reed-Elsevier and Springer. But none had ever done a study to see if that was true.Vincent Larivière, a researcher at the University of Montreal’s School of Library and Information Science, decided to do what any good scientist does: Test the hypothesis. Turns out the hunch was right. “In fact, we did not think things would be this bad,” he says.In a study published last week, Larivière, along with his co-authors Stefanie Haustein and Philippe Mongeon, found that in the natural and medical sciences as well as the social sciences and humanities, five major publishers “account for more than 50 percent of all papers published in 2013.” Those publishers include Reed-Elsevier, Wiley-Blackwell, Springer, and Taylor & Francis. (The fifth differs for the two major fields—American Chemical Society for the hard sciences, Sage Publications for the more social ones.)To break down those percentages, the team analyzed nearly 45 million documents indexed in Thomas Reuters’ Web of Science...
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...focusing on sending more and younger children to adult criminal court. How and where do we draw the line between adults and children? Where do we draw the line between justice and malice? Juveniles that commit crimes should be punished for the crimes that they commit, but they should not be tried as an adult. This paper will offer information on why there needs to be changes in the juvenile justice system, and it will analyze why the increased prosecution of juveniles in adult court is disastrous and nothing but a threatening policy. This policy is unjust, harmful to children and does nothing to increase public safety; consequently punishing adolescents as adults does more harm than good. Thomas J Bernard a professor of criminal justice and sociology at Pennsylvania State University explained how psychologists and sociologists saw young offenders. Bernard’s (2010) book The Cycle of Juvenile Justice recognized that minors are children and not adults. (p. 45) Bernard (2010) further explains that during the 18th century children were tried as adults. Juveniles as young as the age of seven could be tried and sentenced in criminal courts. (Bernard 2010) His research expounds on the Society for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency and their role as “child savers.” A child savers movement resulted in the first juvenile court. The child savers group was opposed to the confrontational adult criminal system, where the state's role was to prosecute the offender. However, the juvenile...
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...REVISITING THE ”TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS” University Sciences Po Paris Semester: Fall 2011/2012 Student: Sönke-Timo Kisker Student – ID: 100033186 Course: Thinking and Acting the Environment Course-ID: 23811 Course Coordinaton: Florence Faucher-King; Thomas Léon Assignment: Mid-term paper Word-count: 2746 Date: 18.10.2011 | Agenda I. Introduction 2 II. Specifying a framework 2 a. Defining ‘global public good’ 2 b. Defining the “Tragedy,”within Game theory 3 III. Revisiting Hardin's main assumptions and argumentations 4 c. Variables influencing rational choices of Individuals 4 d. The concept value and ethics in decisionmaking 5 IV. Practical examples of dealing with the commons 6 e. Mc Evoy's findings of assigning responsibility 6 f. Co-Management 6 ...
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...Running head: PRACTICUM EXPERIENCE 1 Nursing 740 Practicum Experience Ginger VanDenBerg Ferris State University PRACTICUM EXPERIENCE Abstract 2 Orienting to the role of an academic nurse educator is a dynamic and challenging process. While engaging in this role with a preceptor, this novice nurse educator was guided by the core competencies developed by the National League for Nursing to teach Bachelor’s of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree students. Utilizing teaching, assessment, and evaluation strategies learned throughout the Master’s in Nursing Science program, this educator developed a didactic presentation on building cultural competence for Health Assessment nursing students, demonstrated and assisted in the development of essential skills to conduct an adult physical examination, and coordinated a perioperative clinical rotation for senior level nursing students. This practicum experience has played a pivotal role in strengthening this novice educator’s ability to assist students in identifying their learning needs, strengths, and limitations, while providing opportunity to experience the teaching-learning environment of the academic arena. Keywords: nursing students, learning, practicum learning, nurse educator PRACTICUM EXPERIENCE Nursing 740 Practicum Experience New nurse educators transforming into their new role often discover they are not as prepared as they would hope to be (Poindexter, 2008). Being an experienced or expert nurse is not sufficient...
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...construction Harriet Strong 1887 Direct and return mailing envelope Beulah Henry 1962 Dishwasher Josephine Cochran 1872 Drinking fountain device Laurene O'Donnell 1985 Electric hot water heater Ida Forbes 1917 Elevated railway Mary Walton 1881 Engine muffler El Dorado Jones 1917 Feedback control for data processing Erna Hoover 1971 Fire escape Anna Connelly 1887 Globes Ellen Fitz 1875 Grain storage bin Lizzie Dickelman 1920 Improved locomotive wheels Mary Jane Montgomery 1864 Improvement in dredging machines Emily Tassey 1876 Improvement in stone pavements Emily Gross 1877 Kevlar, a steel-like fiber used in radial tires, crash helmets, and bulletproof vests Stephanie Kwolek 1966 Life raft Maria Beaseley 1882 Liquid Paper correction fluid Bette Nesmith Graham 1956 Locomotive chimney Mary Walton 1879 Medical syringe Letitia Geer 1899 Mop-wringer pail Eliza Wood 1889 Oil burner Amanda Jones 1880 Permanent wave for the hair Marjorie Joyner 1928 Portable screen summer house Nettie Rood 1882 Refrigerator Florence Parpart 1914 Rolling pin Catherine Deiner 1891 Rotary engine Margaret Knight 1902 Safety device for elevators Harriet Tracy 1892 Street cleaning machine Florence Parpart 1900 Submarine lamp and telescope Sara Mather 1845 Suspenders Laura Cooney 1896 Washing machine Margaret Colvin 1871 Windshield wiper Mary Anderson 1903 Zigzag sewing machine Helen Blanchard 1873 Harriet Russell Strong of Oakland (1844-1929). An entrepreneur...
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......................39 The Philanthropic Test……………………………………………………………………….43 The Ethics Test………………………………………………………………………………47 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………..51 Chapter Four: Effective Communication Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….....50 Effective Communication Defined………………………………………………………..…50 This Student’s Display of Effective Communication…………………………………….....51 Written Communication……………………………………………………………….…51 Verbal Communication……………………………………………………………….…53 Electronic Communication……………………………………………………………....53 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………..61 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………62 References…………………………………………………………………………………….63 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate this student’s understanding of the ethical decision...
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...The 4P Classification of the Marketing Mix Revisited Author(s): Walter van Waterschoot and Christophe van den Bulte Source: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 56, No. 4 (Oct., 1992), pp. 83-93 Published by: American Marketing Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1251988 . Accessed: 21/10/2013 10:06 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . American Marketing Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Marketing. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.88.179.25 on Mon, 21 Oct 2013 10:06:41 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Walter van Waterschoot & Christophe Van den Bulte The Classificationthe of Revisited MarketingMix 4P McCarthy's 4P classification of the marketing mix instruments has received wide acceptance in past decades. In recent years, however, increasing criticism has been voiced, among other reasons because of its inherent negative definition of sales promotion and its lack of mutual exclusiveness...
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...| The Future Role of Procurement in the Global Supply Chain | | Strategic Sourcing and Procurement | | Quiqueena Cintadita | Presented to: Tim Parker Msc. Logistics and Supply Chain Management December 10 2015 | Role of purchasing has changed from year to year. Years ago, it was considered as a job to buy materials. Now, purchasing is an essential function, which is used as a strategy by companies (Monczka et al. 2010). There are many reasons leading to the changes, such as increase in competition between companies, rise in technology, and growth in customers request (Lysons and Farrington 2012). These changes make the relationship with suppliers more important and therefore transparency is needed. Nevertheless, new concepts are needed which involves technology to keep a track to organize a global supply chain (Monczka et al. 2011). Supply chains are mergers from all activities, processes, and functions, which involve all the suppliers to support organizations or companies to deliver the products and services that customers or consumers needed (Business Dictionary). As a function, purchasing took part in the process of supply chain and all the internal organizations that related with supply chain, such as engineering, manufacturing, marketing, finance, information technology, logistics, and legal. Firstly, engineering, purchasing can help the engineering to reduce the defect. For example, in one global electronic manufacturing company, the purchaser...
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...UCLA’s Institute for Democracy, Education, & Access Williams Watch Series: Investigating the Claims of Williams v. State of California (University of California, Los Angeles) Year Paper wws rr School Facility Conditions and Student Academic Achievement Glen I. Earthman Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University This paper is posted at the eScholarship Repository, University of California. http://repositories.cdlib.org/idea/wws/wws-rr008-1002 Copyright c 2002 by the author. School Facility Conditions and Student Academic Achievement Abstract This paper shows that the condition of school facilities has an important impact on student performance and teacher effectiveness. In particular, research demonstrates that comfortable classroom temperature and noise level are very important to efficient student performance. The age of school buildings is a useful proxy in this regard, since older facilities often have problems with thermal environment and noise level. A number of studies have measured overall building condition and its connection to student performance; these have consistently shown that students attending schools in better condition outperform students in substandard buildings by several percentage points. School building conditions also influence teacher effectiveness. Teachers report that physical improvements greatly enhance the teaching environment. Finally, school overcrowding also makes it harder for students to learn; this effect is...
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...encouraged to build a relationship with oneself, requisite for self discovery. To this end, the course emphasizes on building the conceptual foundations and acquiring psychological skills through classroom teaching/learning consisting of reflective as well as creative engagement in exercises, projects and hands on experiences. The teaching-learning of the programme would be organized through lectures, group discussions, experiential exercises, group projects, presentations, workshops and seminars. Students would be encouraged to connect to real life issues and participate in the programs and practices in the different social context. To this end practicum is incorporated as an important component in most of the papers with hands on training in the use of various research methods such as: laboratory experiments, field experiments, observation, testing, survey, interview, case study. The programme has three components i.e. Discipline 1(DC1), Discipline 2 (DC2) and Application courses (AC). While in DC 1 practicum is a key component, AC follows a modular pattern where hands on training will be provided for developing psychological skills and their applications. Every semester, teaching will be spread over 16 weeks, including 2 weeks for review. Teaching of DC 1 and...
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...Calculus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the branch of mathematics. For other uses, see Calculus (disambiguation). Topics in Calculus Fundamental theorem Limits of functions Continuity Mean value theorem [show]Differential calculus [show]Integral calculus [show]Vector calculus [show]Multivariable calculus Calculus (Latin, calculus, a small stone used for counting) is a branch of mathematics focused on limits,functions, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. This subject constitutes a major part of modernmathematics education. It has two major branches,differential calculus and integral calculus, which are related by the fundamental theorem of calculus. Calculus is the study of change,[1] in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of operations and their application to solving equations. A course in calculus is a gateway to other, more advanced courses in mathematics devoted to the study of functions and limits, broadly called mathematical analysis. Calculus has widespread applications in science,economics, and engineering and can solve many problems for which algebra alone is insufficient. Historically, calculus was called "the calculus of infinitesimals", or "infinitesimal calculus". More generally, calculus (plural calculi) refers to any method or system of calculation guided by the symbolic manipulation of expressions. Some examples of other well-known calculi are propositional calculus...
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...Public Disclosure Authorized WPS6107 Policy Research Working Paper 6107 Public Disclosure Authorized Financial Literacy around the World An Overview of the Evidence with Practical Suggestions for the Way Forward Lisa Xu Bilal Zia Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank Development Research Group Finance and Private Sector Development Team June 2012 Policy Research Working Paper 6107 Abstract Financial literacy programs are fast becoming a key ingredient in financial policy reform worldwide. Yet, what is financial literacy exactly and what do we know of its effectiveness? This paper collects insights from the literature thus far and summarizes global evidence on financial literacy, its correlates, and existing and upcoming causal investigations. The authors conclude with a synthesis of policy advice and practical suggestions for the way forward in this fast growing area of research. This paper is a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Team, Development Research Group. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://econ.worldbank.org. The author may be contacted at bzia@worldbank.org. The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development...
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