...States made the right decision in intervening during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Missiles brought to Cuba were against the Monroe Doctrine, and the USA had to act on it. The Monroe Doctrine warns all nations to not interfere in American affairs. The Nuclear Missiles that were brought to Cuba were an extreme threat to the United States, therefore, establishing a naval quarantine around Cuba and intervening had to be done for the welfare of the United States. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a conflict between the United States and Soviet Union over Soviet nuclear missile bases that were found and being built in Cuba. The conflict only lasted 13 days in the October of 1962. In the short amount of time that the Cuban Missile Crisis transpired,...
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...then President J. F. Kennedy, had to suppress the nuclear threat posed by the Soviet Union (SU), who had secretly stationed nuclear missiles in Cuba – within 90 miles of the US – in order to deter any future US attempts to attack Cuba and to equalize the nuclear strategic balance of power. (Cimbala, 1999). The Movie, Thirteen Days (2000), directed by Roger Donaldson, depicts the tension that the crisis provoked and illustrates how foreign policy was made, which ultimately ended with SU’s withdrawal and removal of the nuclear missiles in Cuba. Thirteen Days began with the discovery that Russia had deployed nuclear missiles on Cuba, with evidence from the U2 photographs captured. This was an impermissible security threat; and the outcome of responses to that threat could lead to a nuclear holocaust. The main thesis of the movie is that, strategic decisions are not made individually or based exclusively on a rational deliberation of evidence, but is embedded in a web of complex organizational undertaking. US Response to the SU emplacement of missiles in Cuba The sequence of action unfolds over a course of 12 days and is illustrated through the three major models of decision-making in the field of Organizational Theory – the Rational Actor Model, the Incremental Decision-Making Model (the Organizational Decision-Making Model) and the Kingdon’s adaptation of the Garbage Can Model. In response to the Cuban missile threat, the Executive Committee of the National Security (ExComm)...
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...Cold WarPatricia Hamilton Kaplan University OnlineSS310-Exploring the1960s- An Interdisciplinary ApproachMay 29, 2012Professor Rookstoolii Cold War I will be writing about longest war in history the Cold War . First, about the historical and political conditions of the Cold War. Explanation of specific threat against United States during the Cold War. Third, my preparation to prepare my family for Cuba Missile Crisis in the Cold War. Lastly, the question I was asked about the Cold War. Historical and Political Conditions of the Cold War The Cold War begin in 1945 until 1991. The Cold War starts with conflict between the Communist nation of Soviet Union and United States. Also, what type of government should rule Eastern Europe. Their three historical and political factor in 1960s about the Cold War Bay Of Pig, Vietnam War, and Cuba Missile Crisis. Also, United States and Soviet Union competed with each other through the arm race. The Arm Race to be first to build manufacture atomic and hydrogen bomb. Also, Both developed short and intermediate – range missile that will armed with nuclear warhead and to make a nuclear weapon to battle in war. Next, is the space race the Soviet build Sputnik and United States send man to walk on the moon. According to (Naranjo,May 6,2003) “The longest conflict of the twentieth century, the Cold War affected everything, from political ideology, foreign and domestic policy, to the presidency and the personal lives of Americans. With the...
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...Spain. Spain was a colonial power at the time, holding many territories in the Caribbean and Pacific. Revolts against Spanish rule were taking place in many of these territories. In Cuba and in the Philippines, the seeds of revolution were steadily growing. The United States found themselves in a position to assist these people with their fight for independence and to gain some land and power in both the Caribbean and the Pacific. It has long been thought that the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor was the catalyst that propelled the US into war with Cuba. I have found evidence that the US entered into war for a different reason. My research has led me to believe that the spread of disease, especially yellow fever, from Cuba into the US was the true reason for the American declaration of war against Spain. The sinking of the Maine has historically been accepted to be the cause of the US entering into war. It can be argued that it was, but, was the sinking really caused by the Spanish? There is no conclusive evidence that it was or was not. The Maine was sent to Havana Harbor in January of 1898. The ship, along with other US military vessels, was used to help blockade the port. This would keep the Spanish fleet from replenishing supplies and weapons to quell the rebellions going on in Cuba against them. On February 15, 1898 the Maine sank. It was believed that the Spanish caused the sinking that led to the death of 260 American sailors. The incident was used to push Congress...
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...For over 50 years the United States of America and Cuba have had a negative relationship. In 1959, Fidel Castro and a group of revolutionists overthrew the Cuban government, changing it to a Communist country, which then created a strong relationship between Cuba and Soviet Union. During this time, the United States was at a stalemate war with the Soviet Union, now known as the Cold War. As Cuba’s relationship grew with the Soviet Union, their relationship with the United States quickly faded. As communism grew it began to ruin the United States’ idea of containment, which caused havoc within the economy. Cuba then became an enemy of the United States. Since that pivotal moment in history, the relationship between the United States and Cuba have experienced turmoil, which the current U.S. president Barack Obama, and the Cuban leader Raul Castro, have been trying to end the disorder between the two countries. In 1953 Fidel Castro and a group of 130 revolutionaries attempted to overthrow the dictatorship of Cuba but ended in a failure and later led to Castro’s imprisonment. The current dictator of Cuba, Fulgencio Batista, pardoned Castro, which was a major mistake. In 1956 Castro lead another revolt and promised the people of Cuba that he would replace Batista’s dictatorship with free elections and also promised that he would end the corruption in the Cuban government. (Dowling) Castro wanted to overthrow Batista because of his corruption and violence. Batista was known as a cruel...
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...the relationship between the USA and the USSR during the Cold War period. The Cold War referred to the hostility the US the USSR, in the post-WWII period, but no ‘hot’ war was ever fought between the two superpowers directly. From 1947-1991, the relationship of the US and the USSR can be periodized into four stages. When it was very tense – during early years and following Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, there were conflicts and confrontation. However, when it was not so tense – during détente and in its twilight years, there was communication and cooperation. During the period 1947-1962, the relationship between the US and the USSR was poor and there was much tension between them. The two superpowers treated the other as a threat and an enemy too. As a result, they challenged or competed with each other in different aspects. In 1947, the US announced the Marshall Plan, to help Europe recover from the war, believing that poverty provided a hotbed for communism and that a prosperous Europe was crucial to check the spread of communism in Europe. The USSR condemned it as dollar imperialism and prohibited the Eastern European countries to take part in it. Most crucially, to counteract the Marshall Plan, the USSR provided the Molotov Plan to aid the countries of Eastern Europe. In short, both the US and the USSR were competing with each other by providing economic aid to strengthen the ties within the capitalist bloc and the communist bloc respectively. In...
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...country. For their part, the Soviets resented the Americans’ decades-long refusal to treat the USSR as a legitimate part of the international community as well as their delayed entry into World War II, which resulted in the deaths of tens of millions of Russians. After the war ended, these grievances ripened into an overwhelming sense of mutual distrust and enmity. Post-war Soviet expansionism in Eastern Europe fuelled many Americans’ fears of a Russian plan to control the world. Meanwhile, the USSR came to resent what they perceived as American officials’ rhetoric, arms build-up and interventionist approach to international relations. By the time World War II ended, most American officials agreed that the best defence against the Soviet threat was a strategy called “containment.” In 1946, in his famous “Long Telegram,” the diplomat George Kennan explained this policy, The Soviet Union, he wrote, was “a political force committed fanatically to the belief that with the U.S. there can be no permanent modus vivendi (agreement between parties that disagree)”. As a result, America’s only choice was the long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. President Harry Truman agreed stating, “It must be the policy of the United States”, he declared before Congress in 1947, “To support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by outside pressures”. This way of...
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...“free peoples” from the threat of communism (Background Essay). Which greatly showed how anti-communist the US was. Another good example of US containment was the Korean War because of its use of military force. After World War 2, Korea was split by the 38th parallel line due to North and South Korea’s major economic differences. With North Korea being communist and supported by the Soviet Union, on June 25, 1950, North Korea, without warning, invaded South Korea. As stated by Document C, “North Korea...invades US-supported South Korea...without warning ...the help of the United Nations, vows to defend democratic South Korea”. This strongly exemplifies that the United Nations, which includes the US, will undoubtedly use military force in order to prevent communism from spreading. Thus marking the beginning of the Korean War. With the help of military force and the American commander, General Douglas MacArthur, South Korea successfully stays democratic (Document C). The Korean War is a good example of US containment because it not only demonstrated the immense amount of military power that the US, as well as the United Nations, held but also the successful, but risky, counterattacks that the US used. The final example of US containment was the Cuban Missile Crisis because of its threat of deadly nuclear missiles. In January, 1959, Cuba becomes communist under the power of Fidel Castro (Document D). With the US fear of communism spreading and Cuba being very close to US borders...
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...Today’s greatest spy of Cuba comes from the country with one of the biggest Intelligence Community (IC), the United States of America (USA). She became one of America’s espionage stories that no one ever heard of. Before entering the IC, she was a Cuban recruit and had the potential to do even greater harm. Failure from the insider threat has led to many spies leaking sensitive US information, one being Ana Montes. Montes’ Education and Recruitment Ana Montes comes from a family that has always worked for the US. She was an Army brat of a psychologist. Growing up she received a foreign affairs degree from the University of Virginia initially with an emphasis in Latin America. She started her first real job in Washington, D.C. for the Department of Justice (DOJ) as a paralegal. She specialized in the Freedom of Information and Privacy Act (FOIA). While working in this field the Cuban government contacted her to become a spy when she was originally studying for her degrees (Popkin, 2013). With access to that information, she continued to work hard and eventually worked her way to a TOP SECRET with SENSITIVE COMPARTMENTED INFORMATION clearance (TS//SCI) which she then allowed her to move into another agency. She originally applied to many agencies. The first agency to accept her was the Defense Intelligence Agency...
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...power in Cuba in 1959. Castro aligned himself with the Soviet Union. Under Castro, Cuba grew dependent on the Soviets for military and economic aid. During this time, the U.S. and the Soviets including their allies were engaged in the Cold War. The United States and the Soviet Union at this point had basically been in conflict on a global scale. “In 1960, President Dwight D. Eisenhower and the CIA began organizing and training anti-Castro Cuban exiles for a possible invasion. After President John F. Kennedy entered the White House in 1961, he agreed to continue this program, and in April, more than fourteen hundred commandos landed at the Bay of Pigs. U.S. experts believed that the people would rise up and revolt against Castro during this assault, but Castro easily quashed this rebellion. Afterward, Kennedy devised multiple assassination plans against Castro, and he sanctioned the CIA to conduct sabotage raids upon Cuban sugarcane fields, railroad bridges, and oil tanks through Project...
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...highly reputed for distinct taste and feel; also consider containing the world’s best tobacco. As a tropical region, Cuba’s land is possibly the ideal place to grow the finest tobacco and wrappers in the world. Even though cigars have been manufactured in other countries as well, Cuba’s cigars still hold the foremost choice of all cigar aficionados around the world. Cigar is mostly popular in United States as a symbol of class. This means that anyone would be tempted to invest in the cigar industry. However, the importation of the Cuban cigar to the United States is illegal. Due to the trade embargo imposed on Cuba by the Kennedy administration forty years ago, all economic trades between United States and Cuba are blocked. With the former U.S. president Jimmy Carter, the first U.S. president to visit Cuba following the embargo, there are speculations that the U.S. – Cuba relations would soften, leading to lifting the embargo restrictions. Obviously the potential slackening of the trade barrier would be an investor’s dream within this industry, but the reality of the situation is still very unpredictable. Forty years have passed since the embargo, and many cigar manufacturing industries have evolved around the world during this period, all contributing to U.S. cigar consumption. Even United States has its own cigar industries in Connecticut and Tampa. Porter’s Five Forces Model (Appendix 1) Anyone considering investing in the cigar industry as a possibility of alleviation...
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...was the youngest man to become the president of the United States. He held office for almost 3 years before being assassinated in Dallas, Texas. He faced many important events while being in office, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis and The Bay of Pigs. During his second year of presidency he was warned by his advisors that the United States might be under threat by the Soviet Union. They suspected that the Soviet Union had started to build powerful missiles which would be transported to the island of Cuba. These missiles would have the capability to travel great distances and could hit major US cities such as Washington D.C, Houston and San Francisco. John F. Kennedy knew about the strained relationship between the United States While John F. Kennedy was suspicious at first later it was clear to him that this was an act to shift the power from U.S to the Soviet Union. After he was completely sure about the situation JFK addressed the public on this issue on October 22, 1962. He explained his decision to perform a naval blockade near the coast of Cuba, he also said that the US was ready to use military force if there is a threat to national security. The Cold War was one of the most important wars and would have been one of the most deadly wars of the 20th century. The Cold War is the closest that the world has come to a nuclear war. One of the main events of this war was the Cuban Missile Crisis. The 2 most powerful countries at the time were fighting against each other for...
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...Five males from Cuba were given unfair jail sentences after being accused of espionage and terrorism. Under false allegations and pretenses, Gerardo Hernández, Ramón Labañino, Antonio Guerrero, Fernando González, and Rene González have been part of a long trial with minimal media coverage. The five aimed to seize the plans of anti-Cuban terrorist organizations, many of which are based in Miami, Florida. The trial lasted over six months, and became the longest trial in United States history. More than 119 volumes of testimony and over 20,000 pages of documents were collected and even with the testimony of three retired US Army generals and a retired admiral, who stated that no evidence of espionage existed, they were still sentenced. A statement by Fernando González Llort (2001) clearly states the Cuban-American National Fund (CANF) appears to be the primary foundation of such terrorist organizations, involving and gaining support from various American leaders. The acts of the Cuban Five would expose the wrong-doings of many American key figures and for such a reason; the heroes were made out to be the criminals. González Llort also states the only thing he and his fellow companions are guilty of is reporting, or more so warning, in the most docile manner, possible threats to Cuba by terrorists in the United States. Plastered all over the media in the year 1999, was a unique custody battle over Cuban born Elian González. Elian made it to Miami, after escaping Cuba with his mother...
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...Alexandra Roach Dr. Fiddner PLSC World Politics 101 006 October 8, 2015 Cuban Missile Crisis Analysis Due to the Cold War, in October 1962, tensions were high between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Cuban Missile Crisis began on October 14, 1962. This was by far the most significant event to happen in the Cold War. The Soviets had been using Cuba as a place to set their missiles from which they would be able to launch a nuclear attack at any time on almost anywhere in the Southeastern parts of the United States, this including places like Washington D.C., New York City, New Orleans, and other major cities in the United States. Photographers were able to capture pictures of these missiles with high-altitude U-2 spy planes giving evidence that the missiles were 90 miles off the American costal line. Although it seems as if the Cuban Missile Crisis happened at a blinding pace, this crisis actually was a culmination of a much longer process. In this essay I will be focusing on the events that led up to the terrifying 14 day event of the Cuban Missile Crisis as well as looking at the crisis from an individual level of analysis and from a realist point of view. In order to fully understand the Cuban Missile Crisis, we must first take a look at all of the events that had lead up to the crisis. Among many of the factors leading up to the nuclear standoff between the countries, one of the factors, of course, was the genuine concern of defense of each leader, John...
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...Final Paper Manuel Salas ECN221-1 02/19/2015 Robert Jackson Final Paper Trading has been around since ancient times; in fact, trading was the monetary system for a long time until money came around in modern times. I would guess it’s safe to say that trading nowadays is not a lot different than what it used to be. It’s just another form of money that is used to trade goods and pay less for a product we need in exchange for something we produce in excess. Now, when we discuss who the U.S. trades with and who it does not trade with, we can go on for hours. We would think that trading with the US is a no brainer, but that’s false. The US does not do business with certain countries due to political differences and then some. Currently, the USA trades with 20 countries. These countries have an agreement with the USA called “trade agreements”. These agreements are not the same in every country, as they vary based on the region and investment interests. “Although the names of Framework Agreements may vary, e.g., the Trade, Investment, and Development Agreement (TIDCA) with the South African Customs Union, or the United States-Icelandic Forum, these agreements all serve as a forum for the United States and other governments to meet and discuss issues of mutual interest with the objective of improving cooperation and enhancing opportunities for trade and investment” (Office of the United States Trade Representative., 2015). Since every country has different trade policies...
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