...Century The development of technology with the onset of the Industrial Revolution, capitalism, and modernism created significant changes in the culture and institutions of human societies. Technology is rapidly evolving and has been for many years. Scientists and inventors are always on the lookout to invent something to make the average person’s daily life easier. The 20th century brought many technological advances in the world from the television to the air conditioner. Many of the technologies so fundamental to everyday life came from advancement during this time. The author of the paper will discuss three technological developments in the 20th century including: the airplane, the automobile, and the computer. The Airplane For centuries humans wanted to invent a device that would allow them to fly like birds. Kites, gliders, and air balloons were many of man’s creations to attempt to derive the privilege of flying. Two men, Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright, were the first to find some success in inventing a device that enabled flying. On December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers flew there invention for the first time. However, this was only a small start because their aircraft did not fly very high and it only stayed in the air for about a minute. Although this was a small triumph in the goal of flight it marked the beginning of the technological advances that produced the modern airplane. When the Wright brothers invented their aircraft they received immediate recognition...
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...The wealth of a nation is the total value of wealth possessed by the citizens which is generated by the economic activity. The wealth of a nation can be estimated by three major components namely Natural Capital (Resources), Produced Assets (stock) and Human Resources (labour forces). In the olden times the amount of natural resources was considered to be the wealth of a nation but with the advent of the Industrial Revolution it marked a major turning point in history as it began in Great Britain, and spread to Western Europe and North America within a few decades. This start and end of the Industrial Revolution accelerated the pace of economic and social changes. GDP per capita was broadly stable before the Industrial Revolution but with...
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...Stephen Crane’s novel Maggie: A Girl of The Streets highlights the realism of a family experiencing poverty and turmoil during the industrial age of America. Crane focuses on a young girl named Maggie and how she aspires to escape the life of abuse and filth she experiences living in the tenements with her family. The short novel addresses themes that are know as morally incorrect such as violence, greed, and prostitution. Maggie: A Girl of The Streets explores human hardship and emotional trauma caused by abuse and negligence. Maggie: A Girl on The Streets chronicles the life of a girl named Maggie and the events of her life growing up in the slums of the industrializing United States. The novel begins with Maggie’s brother Jimmy getting into a fight with a group of neighborhood boys and showing no fear about going against the boys by himself. Jimmy seems to be rebelling physically on the streets and showing that he is a strong soul since he withstands abuse in his home. Maggie and Jimmy’s parents are both abusive alcoholics who are constantly physically and verbally fighting with each other. The abusive parents cause chaos in their home for their three young children. The alcoholism...
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...Godalming in southern England into a very successful and scientific family. His father was a school teacher/writer, two of his three brothers were scientist, and his grandfather had been nicknamed “Darwin’s Bulldog”...
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...Mexican agriculture • Diaz government had a plan for irrigation but because of the peasant displacement in favor of cash crop, which they farmed on their land, lead to a shortage of crops. Irrigation and the favor cash crop with the drought and crops that were infested in the south and center lead to the famine. • Because of this drought of crops domestic companies started coming into Mexico. This didn’t make Mexican society happy • In Veracruz, foreigners held 95 percent of the city’s private property. Cost of living doubles between 1901-1911 • There was a major crisis with unemployment as well. Miners, railroad workers and factory workers were all out of jobs during the famine Monetary and fiscal crisis • Started imposing commercial agriculture, a factory system of industrial products, and monetary money exchange • Silver started to become less of value because of the economic crises. Couldn’t keep up with other...
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...the motet, while secular music was coming about in France and Spain. Afterwards, we move on to the Renaissance, an era of exploration, science, and artistic awakening. Melodies made specifically for the voice began springing up, and expressive word painting became a common theme. Around this period, amateur secular music started to appear. Later, we would be in what is now known as the Baroque era. It was a turbulent time, of change in politics, science, and arts. This marks the introduction of Monody, as well as the genre of the Opera. In a way, an opera’s Librettist, who makes the main story of the work is like the author of a show, or movie, while the composer for both make the actual music. Cantatas and Oratarios also became popular during this time. The most famous of baroque cantatas are the sacred cantatas, written by Johann Sebastian Bach. George Frideric Handel was known for his oratorios, including Messiah. Improvements in instruments in the 17th century also led way to forms of Sonata and concerto. Afterwards we...
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...Japan’s Motorcycle Wars alexander.indd 1 4/14/2008 9:29:25 PM alexander.indd 2 4/14/2008 9:29:25 PM Jeffrey W. Alexander Japan’s Motorcycle Wars alexander.indd 3 An Industry History 4/14/2008 9:29:25 PM © UBC Press 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher, or, in Canada, in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a licence from Access Copyright (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency), www.accesscopyright.ca. 17 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 54321 Printed in Canada with vegetable-based inks on FSC-certified ancient-forest-free paper (100% post-consumer recycled) that is processed chlorine- and acid-free. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Alexander, Jeffrey W. (Jeffrey William), 1972Japan’s motorcycle wars : an industry history / Jeffrey W. Alexander. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-7748-1453-9 1. Motorcycle industry – Japan – History. 2. Motorcycling – Japan – History. I. Title. HD9710.5.J32A43 2008 338.4’762922750952 C2007-907431-6 UBC Press gratefully acknowledges the financial support for our publishing program of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP), and of the Canada Council for the Arts, and the British Columbia Arts Council. This book has been...
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...things, he was one of the most well known politicians and civil activists of the Enlightenment Era in North America. He was known for his role as Ambassador to France, and his work to gain French military assistance during the American Revolution. Franklin was also one of the Founding Fathers who signed the Declaration of Independence and helped draft the United States Constitution. Benjamin Franklin was extremely brilliant, but at the same time considered by many as self-effacing and approachable (Essig, 2006). Despite his great involvement in civics and politics later in his life, Franklin was first a businessman and a scientist. Franklin’s scientific work and business ventures lead him to become one of the most recognizable innovators of all time. According to Isaacson (2003), one of the main factors that caused Franklin to be thought of as a genius was the varied nature of his interests. He became involved in projects that ranged from civics to science, and he never took himself too seriously. The earliest known invention of Benjamin Franklin was the development of a copperplate press in 1728 that used ornate designs, and different colors of ink to make it more difficult for counterfeiters to forge paper money from the state of New Jersey. It was also during this period that Franklin invented a method of casting printing type by using molten metal and lead mold casts from existing printing type. These innovations in the field of printing and graphic arts would earn Franklin...
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...and farmed the land. In the summer, clans lived along the river in longhouses. In winter, they moved to the hills and lived in south- or west-facing caves. In 1672, Wethersfield and Hartford were granted permission by the General Court to extend the boundary line of Naubuc Farms 5 miles to the East, purchasing the land from the natives, forming Eastbury. By 1690, residents of Naubuc Farms had gained permission from the General Court to become a separate town and, in 1693, Glassenbury came into existence. The ties have not been completely broken: the oldest continuously operating ferry in the United States still runs between South Glastonbury and Rocky Hill, also then a part of Wethersfield, as it did as far back as 1655. During the Revolution, Glassenbury was home to George Stocking’s gunpowder factory, one of few gunpowder factories supplying George Washington’s troops. After his death in an explosion his wife Eunice continued operating the mill until the end of the war. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Glastenbury was a shipbuilding town, located between the Connecticut River, oak forests and...
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...CHAPTER 1 Italy in the early nineteenth century INTRODUCTION In September 1870, the troops of King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy entered Rome. Italian unification, the bringing together different states of the Italian peninsula under one government, was complete. The Risorgimento, the reawakening of Italy, had reached its climax. However, the creation of the new Italian state was neither inevitable nor had it been planned. Although Italian unification had taken place, there was little enthusiasm for the new state among the Italian people. In 1861, an Italian politician named Massimo d’Azeglio remarked to Victor Emmanuel: ‘Sir, we have made Italy. Now we must make Italians.’ The story of what follows is of how Italy was made, but it is also a story of division and the failure to ‘make Italians’. THE STATES OF THE PENINSULA Towards the end of the eighteenth century the peninsula of Italy was home to a number of states. The Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont) From its capital city of Turin, the House of Savoy ruled this relatively poor part of Italy. Despite its poverty, successive rulers built up a strong army and governed with an effective civil service. The island of Sardinia was particularly backward and was sparsely populated. Until 1815, the important port of Genoa was part of the Republic of Genoa. It was politically separate from the Kingdom of Sardinia. Lombardy and Venetia In the 1790s, Lombardy was part of the Austrian Empire. Its capital, Milan, was the second largest city of that...
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...instability within the Chinese society. The Chinese civil war was an armed conflict between two ideologically opposed forces - the Nationalists Guomingdang (GMD) and the Communists People Liberation Army (CCP) – to see who could ultimately restore power and regain central control over China. As Historian Jonathan Spence argues, the Chinese Civil War should refer more narrowly to this latter conflict between 1946 and 1949, as this produced a decisive result. Although there are many causes to the outbreak of the war, the main long term, mid-term, immediate and catalyst causes will be discussed. The overthrow of the Manchu Dynasty coupled with the Warlord era, followed by the ideological divide between the CCP and the GMD during the First United Front led to the catalyst cause during the Sino-Japanese war, in which the two parties truly showed the extent to which they will go to, to become the leader and unifier of the country, unleashing the ultimate trigger to the outbreak of the Chinese Civil War. The most significant long term cause of the civil war in China was the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, as it played a fundamental role in creating the conditions for the event. The Qing government became weakened economically, socially and politically from internal and external threats by the end of the 19th century. European imperialist powers and Japan forced their way into China to take advantage of trading possibilities, gaining rights and concessions in over 80 ports. Britain’s victory in...
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...Shaping of the Modern World 5/8/11 Cruel Labor The Industrial Revolution wasn’t the first instance of cruel human labor in the history of the world, but some may argue that it was the harshest. Flora Tristan says in her piece from the London Journal, “Since I have known the English proletariat I no longer think that slavery is the greatest human misfortune.” (1) Cruel labor is an injustice that originated in ancient civilizations, became worse in the eighteenth century, and unfortunately still exists today. No matter what event you choose to focus on, between the Atlantic Slave Trade, to the London Laboring Classes and its child labor, to the more recent sweatshops that still exist in Asia, the pain and suffering these people had to go through and are still going through is not only inhumane, but also immoral. “The London Laboring Classes” is an excerpt from the London Journal by Flora Tristan. The article is broken down into two parts: Factory Workers and Prostitutes. Tristan wrote this article in order to expose the cruelties suffered by industrial workers, women, and slaves, during the Industrial Revolution. It would be an injustice to Tristan if I paraphrase her shocking description of the life of the factory worker, so I’ll quote her directly. “Most of the workers lack clothing, a bed, furniture, a fire, wholesome food, and often even potatoes! They are shut up twelve to fourteen hours a day in mean rooms where they breathe in, along with foul air, cotton, wool...
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...For the first half of the 20th century, China faced political chaos. Following a revolution in 1911, which overthrew the Manchu dynasty, the new Republic failed to take hold and China continue to be exploited by foreign powers, lacking any strong central government. The Chinese Civil War was an attempt by two ideologically opposed forces – the nationalists and the communists – to see who would ultimately be able to restore order and regain central control over China. The struggle between these two forces, which officially started in 1927, was interrupted by the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war in 1937, but started again in 1946 once the war with Japan was over. the results of this war were to have a major effect not just on China itself, but on the international stage. Long-term causes of the Chinese Civil War[edit] Socio-economic factors[edit] Summary of Socio-economic factors In 1900, China was ruled by the imperial Manchu dynasty. The vast majority of the population were peasants. Their life was hard, working the land, and most were extremely poor. It was the peasants who paid the taxes that in turn paid for the great Manchu imperial court.It was also the peasants who faced starvation during floods or droughts, as their subsistence farming techniques often left them with barely enough to feed their families. The population in China grew by 8 per cent in the second half of the 19th century, but the land cultivated only increased by 1 per cent. This imbalance made famines...
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...Introduction to management Barak Remalli DATE \@ "d MMMM y" 9 April 2015 “Are idea’s such as mutualism and industrial democracy of relevance to the 21st Century business management?” The world as we know it today is in constant advancement of technology and knowledge. In result, economists have developed a myriad of theories that have shaped and changed the way we manage people, time and resources. Organisation theorists such Russell Ackoff, Warren Bennis & Chris Argyris have been advocating the need for a more ‘free-form, humanistic, and democratic organisation’ (Nodoushani & Nodoushani para. 23), whereas theorists with the names of Henry Ford and Frederick W. Taylor oppose such notions. Some theories stand true and thrive in today’s economy, while others have faded as time has progressed. However, are ideas such as mutualism and industrial democracy of relevance to the twenty first Century business management? Is there still social and economic inequality? Or do citizens have natural rights to liberty, justice and property? Perhaps these ideas may have been diminished with time? This paper argues that the business management has had a major shift in its structure due to the concepts and influences of mutualism and industrial democracy. Although these ideas may not be prevalent in its purest form, there have been major refinements in the structuring of management in twenty first century, including the focus on de-layering and a more co-operative environment....
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...What Is Organizational Communication?[edit] L ike defining many aspects of communication study, many of the definitions of organizational communication share common elements. Stanley Deetz (2001) argues that one way to enlighten our understanding of organization communication is to compare different approaches. However, for the purpose of this text, we want to define organizational communication so you have a frame of reference for understand this chapter. Our definition is not definitive, but creates a starting point for understanding this specialization of communication study. We define organizational communication as the sending and receiving of messages among interrelated individuals within a particular environment or setting to achieve individual and common goals. Organizational communication is highly contextual and culturally dependent, and is not an isolated phenomenon. Individuals in organizations transmit messages through face-to face, written, and mediated channels. Organizational communication largely focuses on building relationships, or repeated interpersonal interactions, with internal organizational members and interested external publics. Goldhaber (1990) identified a number of common characteristics in the variety of definitions of organizational communication -- Organizational communication 1) occurs within a complex open system which is influenced by, and influences its internal and external environments, 2) involves messages and their flow, purpose...
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