...homogeneous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality | -Albania, Iceland, Estonia, Japan-the local ethnicities are relatively homogeneous | Country | a nation or state that is politically independent, or a land that was formerly independent and remains separate in some respects | -sovereign states-France, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia | Patriotism | a proud supporter or defender of his or her country and its way of life | -American, support of the American way of life, government, military, etc. | Nationalism | the desire to achieve political independence, especially by a country under foreign control or by a people with a separate identity and culture but no state of their own | -Tibet, want to gain independence from the PRC as they were annexed by the PRC | Race | one of the groups into which the world's population can be divided on the basis of physical characteristics such as skin or hair color | -Asians, Blacks, Caucasian, Muslims, Arabic, etc. | Ethnicity | the fact that someone belongs to a particular ethnic group, sharing distinctive cultural traits as a group in society | -Ethnic groups of China-Han, Manchu, Mongol, Uyghur, Tartars, etc. |...
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...333 STUDY ON REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE USED IN THE SIDEWALK SYSTEM OF THE QINGHAI-TIBET RAILWAY BRIDGE Ji Wen-yu,1 An Ming-zhe,1 Yan Gui-ping,1 and Wang Jun-min2 1 College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PRC 2 Beijing Municipal Engineering Research Institute, Beijing, 100007, PRC Abstract The Qinghai-Tibet railway lies in the west area of China at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters. The 576-km railway is being built on frozen earth. The bad climate and sandstorms of the tundra require the concrete of the bridge to have superior mechanical properties and high durability. By adding portland cement, silica fume, superfine fly ash, and superplasticizers, reactive powder concrete (RPC) is used in the sidewalk systems of bridges with compressive strength of 160 MPa. The research shows that RPC has high strength, excellent frost durability, and impermeability. Therefore, RPC is the best choice for the Qinghai-Tibet railway. 1. Introduction The Qinghai-Tibet railway lies in Qinghai-Tibet plateau in the west area of China, at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters and in a high intensity earthquake region. The 576-km railway is being built on frozen earth. The climate conditions are harsh in that area: low air temperature, concentrated rain and snow, and heavy sandstorms. The area also has complicated geology conditions, and groundwater causes corrosion. The 334 International Workshop on Sustainable...
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...Brand Communication Strategy 1st Lecture: The Ceo promotes the brand to the stakeholders: part of the brand communication strategy. Corporate social responsibility: all about ethics. Principles of Marketing (Kotler, Amstrong). Assignments: Google turns to you, how to develop brand communication strategy into the Chinese market? Market research Situational analysis Recommendations Based the strategy under the conclusion of the market research * Operational marketing 1. Study and understand the market 2. Craft a marketing strategy and plan 3. Develop operational marketing 4. Evaluate returns Managerial project: What a company wants to do Market study project: What a company needs to know We have to follow market trends, evaluating the number of Chinese using google as a metasearch engine, google is a BtoB mood. Start with a PESTEL analysis How foreign policies influence the communication? Problems of national defence, posses so much information about people, it is valuable for any intelligence agencies. Could have some temptations to hack google to get some information from google. Porter’s model to analyse clients, competitors and partners (Micro-environment). GOOGLE: 2004, 40% of the market share, now less than one percent. Google is created in 1998 by Lawrence Page and Sergei Brin. They’re not prepared to assume the rapid growth, nothing to sell, really young and brilliant people but they need a third person Eric...
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...The Han Chinese, Han people or or "Han ethnic group" are an East Asian ethnic group. They constitute approximately 92% of the population of China. The name Han was derived from the Han dynasty, which succeeded the short-lived Qin dynasty, and is historically considered to be the first golden age of China's Imperial era due to the power and influence it projected over much of Asia. As a result of the dynasty's prominence in inter-ethnic and pre-modern international matters, many Chinese began identifying themselves as the "people of Han" a name that has been carried down to this day. Similarly, the Chinese language also came to be named the "Han language" ever since. In the Oxford Dictionary, the Han are defined as "The dominant ethnic...
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...company facilities. Public relations can be considered in a similar vein as the marketing of a product. Products can only enjoy continued success if its performance is satisfactory, as the image of the product cannot be maintained if product performance is inconsistent. Similarly public relations cannot be more effective than the corporate behavior behind it. Public relations involves more than corporate communications. China had experienced bad publicity ahead of the Olympics where Beijing's image was seriously battered by widely publicized protests especially in London, Paris and San Francisco, disrupting the Beijing Olympic torch relay. Also, Chinese embassies and consulates in several cities were also damaged because of protests by pro-Tibet groups and others capitalizing on the publicity of summer Games. Therefore, China decided that it would be a better idea to hire foreign Public Relation firms to handle the publicity issues of the games. “Several British and US agencies were invited to interviews with Chinese officials to discuss a contract, which includes pre-games PR strategies, media training and market research on western perceptions of China. Beijing intended to take full advantage of the opportunity to showcase the progress china has made in the three decades since economic reforms were launched. ). Finally China decided to hire US Weber Shandwick and British Bell Pottinger as the major PR firms of the 2008 Beijing games. Beijing...
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...Arunachal Pradesh /ˌɑrəˌnɑːtʃəl prəˈdɛʃ/ is one of the 29 states of India. Located in northeast India it holds the most northeastern position among the other northeast states. Arunachal Pradesh borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south, and shares international borders with Bhutan in the west,Myanmar in the east and the People's Republic of China in the north. Itanagar is the capital of the state. China and ROC claim most of the state as part ofTibet and call the disputed area South Tibet.[2] Arunachal Pradesh, which translates to "land of the dawn-lit mountains",[3] is also known as the Orchid State of India or the Paradise of the Botanists. Geographically, it is the largest among the North-east Indian states commonly known as the Seven Sister States. As in other parts of Northeast India, the people native to the state trace their origins from the Tibeto-Burman people. A large number of migrants from various parts of India and foreign lands have and have been affecting the state's population. No reliable population count of the migrant population exists, and the percentage estimating the total actual population accordingly vary. Arunachal Pradesh has the highest number of regional languages in South Asia[4] enriched with diverse culture and traditions. Contents [hide] * 1 History * 1.1 Early history * 1.2 Drawing of McMahon line * 1.3 Sino-Indian War * 1.3.1 Tawang * 1.4 Current Status * 2 Geography * 2.1 Climate ...
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...reported that Beijing recorded 80% blue sky days in the first quarter of 2009. The concept that there is a blue sky day is unusual for most of the world, but it represents the price that China has paid for its rapid economic growth trajectory. As cities sprout from villages and a labor force in the hundreds of millions is mobilized, China has experienced a double-digit GDP growth for much of the past thirty years. This growth however is under threat from several sources. The environmental consequences of growth are just one threat. China also faces chronic resource shortages – its industry does not want for coal but the Chinese people do struggle for things such as shortages of oil, food and clean water. The PRC also faces political tests as well, including Taiwan, Tibet and Xinjiang. Political tensions with the former could destabilize all of Asia if not the world. The tensions in the western part of China represent the social unrest that the Communist government’s march towards wealth has created. Even amongst Han, there is considerable disparity of wealth between regions and classes, and these disparities may very well threaten China’s future. This paper will analyze each of these critical issues in turn, and then synthesize the issues into an assessment for the future of China’s economic growth. All economies depend on resources for their growth. Output is determined by the availability of labor, energy and raw materials. The former has not experienced overall shortage...
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...Introduction The essay is intended to deliver an analysis about Chinese foreign policy in the upcoming years, its development and clarification of the position of the People’s Republic of China in the international relations with a focus on China’s peaceful rise. The essay covers China’s relations to the selected countries, for example the most important neighbouring countries, but nevertheless the U.S., European Union and Middle East also. It focuses also on environmental sustainability, possible economic influence in the foreign countries, controversial issues over disputed areas and possible democratization of the political system. Analytically it discusses the factors involved in shaping as the China’s foreign policy, as well as domestic policy. It deals with human rights violation and discrimination. In focus to the security issues it gives an overview of China’s military capacities and abilities, which may be considered as a threat to its peaceful rise. As a conclusion it gives an analysis of factors that contribute in China’s effort to become a regional power, in means of emerging power that is able to compete with the traditional western type powers. Theoretical basis The impressive economic growth of People’s Republic of China over the past few decades raises a profound question about China’s peaceful rise in the international relations. It is a beautiful example of a country which is to become a regional and eventually global power in our lifetime. China is...
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...Let’s start with a little bit of a timeline. Whenever people hear of a Dynastic government they often think of China. According to Chinese history the first dynasty is referred to as The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. These were a group of semi-mythological rulers and culture heroes from ancient China being placed somewhere around 2852 BC[1] to 2070 BC. Let’s fast forward to 221 B.C when the Chinese saw unification of it’s kingdom, in a way, under the ruling of the Qin Dynasty. Once you learn enough about China you can start to understand why I say, “in a way” when referring to unification considering the status places like Macau, Hong Hong, Taiwan, Tibet and the uninhabited Diaoyu Islands. The Dynastic ruling ended in 1912 with the last Dynasty being the Qing Dynasty. The Dynasty type of ruling was replaced with the Republic of China. The Republic of China still exists today but is no longer in control of Mainland China, Macau, or Hong Kong. The current government in place is the People’s Republic of China and took over on 1 October 1949. China is currently a 1 party Communist state. It’s party is simply called the Communist Party. The Central Government is located in Beijing. The current president of China is Xi Jinping and the vice president is Li Yaunchao. The main governmental building which would be sort of the equivalent to the white house is called Zhongnanhai. This is the building where some of the highest ranking government officials live in. Although China has...
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...Executive summary We cannot imagine our life without internet, it become internal part of our life. Some researcher considered internet to be the greatest innovation of modern’s time. Suppose the facility of internet given to us taken by someone forcibly, then imagine our life without it. In recent development china and iran have restricted the information flow throughout their country, specially china have ban Google-universal search engine and email in its country. Firstly question arises why any country will ban if internet is so useful. There lots of hidden agenda of the govt that has to be protected, if there is free flow of information is there public start questioning on the procedures of govt work. Internet censorship in China is among the most stringent in the world. The government blocks Web sites that discuss the Dalai Lama, the 1989 crackdown on Tiananmen Square protesters, Falun Gong, the banned spiritual movement, and other Internet sites The government’s computers intercept incoming data and compare it against an ever-changing list of banned keywords or Web sites, screening out even more information. The motive is often obvious: Since late 2010, the censors have prevented Google searches of the English word “freedom.” In March 2011, Google accused the Chinese government of disrupting its Gmail service in the country and making it appear as if technical problems at Google — not government intervention — were to blame. At the same time, several popular virtual...
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...Authoritarianism Authoritarianism is a form of social organization characterized by submission to authority. It is usually opposed to individualism and democracy. In politics, an authoritarian government is one in which political authority is concentrated in a small group of politician. Characteristics Authoritarianism is characterized by highly concentrated and centralized power maintained by political repression and the exclusion of potential challengers. It uses political parties and mass organizations to mobilize people around the goals of the regime. Authoritarianism emphasizes the rule of the few; it often includes election rigging, political decisions being made by a select group of officials behind closed doors, a bureaucracy that sometimes operates independently of rules, which does not properly supervise elected officials, and fails to serve the concerns of the constituencies they purportedly serve. Authoritarianism also tends to embrace the informal and unregulated exercise of political power, a leadership that is "self-appointed and even if elected cannot be displaced by citizens' free choice among competitors," the arbitrary deprivation of civil liberties, and little tolerance for meaningful opposition; A range of social controls also attempt to stifle civil society, while political stability is maintained by control over and support of the armed forces, a pervasive bureaucracy staffed by the regime, and creation of allegiance through various means of socialization and...
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...GNlu | US-CHINA RELATIONS | SUBMITTED TO:Dr.Aruna Kumar Malik | | SUBMITTED BY :ABHISHEK CHATTERJEE | REG NO :11A006 INDEX Introduction Pg 2 US China Comparison Pg 3 Brief History Of US-China Relations Pg 5 Conclusion Pg 21 INTRODUCTION Since the dawn of civilization there have been great nations, 5000 years back the Mesopotamian,Egyptian and Indus Valley Civilization were the super-powers,if not the only advanced civilization of their time,2000 years back we had the roman empire and the chineese,500 years back the mughal empire,the ottoman empire etc. The world order keeps on changing, the end of the first world war saw the rise of America along the ranks of other European superpowers like the British Empire,France and Germany and saw the fall of 2 superpowers,the ottoman and the Austria-hungry empire. The second world war ushered the modern world into a new world order. The United Nations was born and its membership suddenly grew. The United States brought about reconstruction of the war torn economies of Europe and Japan and ensured stable democracies for her new allies...
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...How far were Mao’s agricultural policies responsible for the scale of the great famine in China, 1958-65? Mao introduced collectivisation in 1956, two years before the beginning of the great famine. It lasted between the years of 1958 and 1961, where millions of peasants and industrial worker died due to a severe lack of food. Most historians argue that the scale of the famine was due to the agricultural reforms introduced by Mao in the Great Leap Forward, but Mao blamed other factors. Collectivisation involved the peasants joining together to farm collectively rather than individually. They then had to share the food produced with the rest of the community, as opposed to just their families, which had been the way the previous, traditional system worked. This, in theory, was a good idea; if the peasants worked together they could share knowledge and potentially grow more food. However, they didn’t like the policy as it meant, regardless of how much they grew individually, they would only get a set amount, and it was never enough to feed the whole family. Mao believed that many peasants were growing more food than necessary and keeping some for themselves, however this was proved not to be the case; production rate had fallen from 200million in 1958 to 143.5million in 1960, proving that they were innocent; Mao simply didn’t trust the peasants, believing they were ‘inherently capitalist’ and were against being a communist state. The policy of collectivisation contributed...
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...Introduction : Rise of India and China India and China are the two most populated countries in the world, each with a little over 1 billion people. Both countries have long and ancient history. Both are unique in having an unbroken stream of ancient culture and civilization for centuries before the dawn of the Christian era. Populations of both countries consist of very highly educated and technically skilled work force. In both countries, there is very large middle class, progressively becoming very hungry for vast quantities of consumer goods. However until the 1980s, their economies were among the poorest in the world. India has been the largest democracy since 1947 but heart-rending sights of extreme poverty can be seen even in the flourishing business capitals. There are no subways, very few highways which results in nightmarish tangle of traffic all the time. China has been under the communist rule since the revolution led by Mao Tse Tung in 1966 and still continues to be under the centralized communist rule. Both the countries operated under centralized planning and kept their economies closed to global markets. However, in the past two decades, the world is witnessing a strange miracle taking place in both the countries. In the early 1980s, first China and later, India, started opening their economies to foreign direct investment and began participating more and more in global trade. The world had never witnessed this rare phenomenon of two relatively poor countries...
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...RESEARCH PAPER 06/36 19 JUNE 2006 A Political and Economic Introduction to China “If the 20th century ended in 1989, the 21st began in 1978” Martin Jacques, The Guardian, 25 May 2006 China’s political and economic rise and what it means for the world is now a central preoccupation of analysts and policy-makers. Public awareness of China is likely to increase as the 2008 Olympics in Beijing draw near. This Research Paper is intended to act as a resource that Members of Parliament and their staff can draw upon when engaging with China’s remarkable transformation. Part I provides key facts and figures about China. Parts II and III review recent developments and future prospects by addressing four key questions. Is political authoritarianism sustainable? Can China’s development be peaceful? What are the main domestic economic challenges facing China? What is China’s impact on the world economy? Part IV summarises key aspects of UK and EU relations with China. The Paper ends with a select bibliography of key sources. The Research Paper is intended to act as a platform for a series of Library Standard Notes that will address in more depth specific issues about China that there is space here only to discuss briefly. Jon Lunn, Maria Lalic, Ben Smith and Claire Taylor INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AND DEFENCE SECTION Ed Beale, Ed Potton, Ian Townsend and Dominic Webb ECONOMIC POLICY AND STATISTICS SECTION HOUSE OF COMMONS LIBRARY Recent Library Research Papers include: List of 15...
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