...------------------------------------------------- The Society[edit] The barangay was the typical community in the whole archipelago. It was the basic political and economic unit independent of similar others. Each embraced a few hundreds of people and a small territory. Each was headed by a chieftain called the rajah or datu. Social Structure[edit] The social structure comprised a petty nobility, the ruling class which had started to accumulate land that it owned privately or administered in the name of the clan or community. * Maharlika: an intermediate class of freemen called the Maharlika who had enough land for their livelihood or who rendered special service to the rulers and who did not have to work in the fields. * Timawa: the ruled classes that included the timawa, the serfs who shared the crops with the petty nobility. * Alipin: and also the slaves and semislaves who worked without having any definite share in the harvest. There were two kinds of slaves then: those who had their own quarters, the aliping namamahay, and those who lived in their master's house, the aliping sagigilid. One acquired the status of a serf or a slave by inheritance, failure to pay debts and tribute, commission of crimes and captivity in wars between barangays. ------------------------------------------------- Islamic Monarchy[edit] The Islamic sultanates...
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...Khryss Mary B. Solis Philippine History BSEDENMR-1 Sir. Eman Nolasco Don Andres Malong Revolts Andres Malong was the leader of the short-lived but devastating revolt in Pangasinan in 1660-1661. A native of Binalatongan, Pangasinan, Malong was the province’s master-of-camp, the governor’s right-hand man in dealing with the natives. He was a timawa. An Augustinian account described him as highly intelligent and clever. Although it was his job, as master-of-camp, to impress upon his fellow Pangasinenses the advantages of having the Spanish overlord, he had other ideas. Unknown to his Spanish masters, he was sowing the seeds of revolt in the minds of the people. It was the time of the Dutch invasion of the Philippines. A thousand natives were employed in Pampanga and Bataan to cut timber for the building of ships. They were recruited not just from those provinces but also from Pangasinan, the Ilocos, and Cagayan. After working for eight months away from their families and without being paid their meager salaries, they had grown agitated. The mutinous situation was turned into an open revolt by Pampangos, led by Francisco Maniago, a master-of-camp like Malong. However, this revolt in Pampanga was easily quelled, without any blood being spilled on its soil. The one that spread to Pangasinan by Andres Malong, was something else. Malong’s revolt targeted only the Spanish government officials, not the Spanish priest. Obviously, Pangasinenses had a...
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...MY MEMORABILIA (Values) “My Memorabilia” Sofia May M. Detablan 09102058302 sofiamay.detablan@yahoo.com February 13,1997 072 Topsite A, Townsite, Mariveles Bataan Message: Dear Ma’am Jass, Uhhhmmm….sa totoo po wala akong masabi sa inyo. Para sakin po kasi kayo ang naging best teacher namin sa values kahit po ngayon lang tayo nagkasama naging mabait kayo samin. First of all po gusto ko mag thank you sa mga bagay na naituro niyo samin, mga bagay na natutunan naming sa inyo, sa lahat ng pagtitiis sa kakuletan namin. Sorry po sa mga sakit ng ulo na naibigay namin sa inyo, sa magulong classroom na inyong nakikita pag dumadating kayo sa room namin, at mga maingay na estudyante. Sana po ay maging more patience kayo sa mga bago niyong matuturuan next year. I hope po na mas madaming blessing ang dumating sa life niyo, and makita niyo na si mr.right hehehe…peace tau ma’am (^___^v). 10 years from now In 10 years from now I want to be an elementary teacher. Now all I want is to study so I can reach my dreams. Para matulungan ko sila papa at mama sa pag papa-aral sa aking mga kapatid. Para makapagtapos sila ng pag-aaral at para tulungan din ako sa pag iipon para sa aming kinabukasan. At pra na din masuklian namin lahat ng naibigay at sinakripisyo ng aming mga mababait at walang sawang umiintindi sa amin, ang aming magulong. Gusto ko makita na nagrerelax sila mama at papa ko kasi pagod to the max talaga kasi sila ngayon. Sa 10 years na yun ang ginagawa...
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...Buod ng noli me tangere (JOSE RIZAL) Si Crisostomo Ibarra ay isang binatang Pilipino na pinag-aral ng kanyang ama sa Europa. Pagkatapos ng pitong taong pamamalagi roon ay nagbalik ito sa Pilipinas. Dahil sa kanyang pagdating ay naghandog si Kapitan Tiyago ng isang salo-salo kung saan ito ay dinaluhan nina Padre Damaso, Padre Sibyla, Tinyente Guevarra, Donya Victorina at ilang matataas na tao, sa lipunan Kastila. Sa hapunang iyon ay hiniya ni Padre Damaso na siyang dating kura ng San Diego, ang binata ngunit ito'y hindi na lamang niya pinansin at magalang na nagpaalam at nagdahilang may mahalagang lalakarin. Si Ibarra ay kasintahan ni Maria Clara. Siya kilala bilang anak-anakan ni Kapitan Tiyago, isang mayamang taga-Binundok. Ang binata ay dumalaw sa dalaga kinabukasan at sa kanilang pag-uulayaw ay di nakaligtaang gunitain ang kanilang pagmamahalan simula pa sa kanilang pagkabata. Di nakaligtaang basahing muli ni Maria Clara ang mga liham ng binata sa kanya bago pa man ito mag-aral sa Europa. Bago tumungo si Ibarra sa San Diego ay ipinagtapat sa kanya ni Tinyente Guevarra ng Guardia Sibil ang tungkol sa pagkamatay nga kanyang amang si Don Rafael, ang mayamang asendero sa bayang yaon. Ayon sa Tinyente, si Don Rafael ay pinaratangan ni Padre Damaso, na Erehe at Pilibustero, gawa ng di nito pagsisimba at pangungumpisal. Nadagdagan pa ng isang pangyayari ang paratang na ito. Minsan ay may isang maniningil ng buwis na nakaaway ng isang batang mag-aaral, nakita ito ni Don Rafael...
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...Komunikasyon sa Akademikong Filipino A.WIKA 1. Ano ang Wika * Ang wika ay isang bahagi ng pakikipagtalastasan. Kalipunan ito ng mga simbolo, tunog, at mga kaugnay na batas upang maipahayag ang nais sabihin ng kaisipan. Ginagamit ang pamamaraang ito sa pagpapaabot ng kaisipan at damdamin sa pamamagitan ng pagsasalita at pagsulat. Isa rin itong likas na makataong pamamaraan ng paghahatid ng mga kaisipan, damdamin at mga hangarin sa pamamagitan ng isang kaparaanang lumilikha ng tunog; at kabuuan din ito ng mga sagisag sa paraang binibigkas. Sa pamamagitan nito, nagkakaugnayan, nagkakaunawaan at nagkakaisa ang mga kaanib ng isang pulutong ng mga tao. 2.Katangian ng Wika * may balangkas; * binubuo ng makahulugang tunog; * pinipili at isinasa-ayos; * arbitraryo; * nakabatay sa kultura; * ginagamit; * kagila-gilagis; * makapangyarihan * may antas; * may pulitika; * at ginagamit araw-araw. 3.Mahalaga baa ng Wika * mahalaga ito sa atin ang ating wika kasi ito ay sumisimbolo sa ating pag katao kng saan tayo na bibilang. ang wika ay sumasagisag ng isang bansa . kaya mahalaga talaga ang ating wika sa atin. kahit na minsan ay hindi tayo magkaintindihan ay gumagawa pa rin tayo ng paraan para magkaintindihan pwede itong gawin sa pamamagitan ng pag gamit ng "sign language" o di kaya ay sa pag susulat para maiparating ang inyong damdamin..... 4.Varayti ng Wika * ang mga varayti ng wika ay engles, tagalog, epsanyol, french...
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...Anthropology of the Filipino People I Filipino Prehistory Rediscovering Precolonial Heritage By: Felipe Landa Jocano A Book Report Submitted by: Alexson T. Battung A student of Bachelor of Arts in History 1-1 Submitted to: Prof. Maria Rhodora Agustin Professor in History I. Introduction This book is the revised and expanded version of an earlier one, entitled Philippine Prehistory: An Anthropological Overview. Many new archaeological materials have been recovered since its publication in 1975, requiring changes in the earlier descriptions and interpretations of Philippine prehistoric society and culture. The title of this new edition is focusing in keeping with the currently emerging national consciousness which seeks to uncover the roots of Filipino cultural identity. I guess that the objectives of this book or this study are considered in four purposes. First, to reconstruct obscured by external influences- particularly those of the earlier interpretations of prehistoric events in the country. Old assumptions, including our earlier views, have to be reexamined and revised in the context of new data and new scientific thinking in...
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...PHILIPPINE LITERATURE Philippine literature is the body of works, both oral and written, that Filipinos, whether native, naturalized, or foreign born, have created about the experience of people living in or relating to Philippine society. It is composed or written in any of the Philippine languages, in Spanish and in English, and in Chinese as well. Philippine literature may be produced in the capital city of Manila and in the different urban centers and rural outposts, even in foreign lands where descendants of Filipino migrants use English or any of the languages of the Philippines to create works that tell about their lives and aspirations. The forms used by Filipino authors may be indigenous or borrowed from other cultures, and these may range from popular pieces addressed to mass audiences to highly sophisticated works intended for the intellectual elite. Having gone through two colonial regimes, the Philippines has manifested the cultural influences of the Spanish and American colonial powers in its literary production. Works may be grouped according to the dominant tradition or traditions operative in them. The first grouping belongs to the ethnic tradition, which comprises oral lore identifiably precolonial in provenance and works that circulate within contemporary communities of tribal Filipinos, or among lowland Filipinos that have maintained their links with the culture of their non-Islamic or non-Christian ancestors. The second grouping consists of works that show...
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...I. Instant Baby Kahit ano pa sigurong pagtatalo ng isip ko, nandito na yun eh. Ang sakit man tanggapin na hindi ko sila makikita ng matagal, ayos na rin siguro yun. Isa pa, para sa amin din naman ito ‘di ba? Alangan naman mag-stay na lang ako doon habang-buhay at maghintay sa wala? Ano ba itong iniiyak-iyak ko? Sus, para yun lang! Ako pa! Wala naman akong hindi kinakaya. Kahit ano pang lakas ng bagyo at ulan, walang-wala naman yan sa akin. Basta ‘wag lang sobrang lakas, eh iba naman usapan na iyon. Pagsakay na pagsakay ko sa bus at unti-unti na ring umaandar, parang gustung-gusto ko nang bumaba at yakapin sila uli. Tinignan ko na lang yung huling pabaon sa akin ni Papa, at nung tinignan ko uli yung direksiyon nila eh unti-unti na ring lumiliit yung itsura nila sa kinakatayuan nila. Sabay-sabay silang kumakaway sa akin. Mahigit dalawang oras yung biyahe simula sa bahay namin. Medyo may kalayuan yung bahay namin sa bus station, at simula doon eh isang napakahabang biyahe papunta sa Villejas City. Isang napakahabang istorya rin kung bakit paalis na naman ako, pero sa ngayon, itutulog ko na lang muna yung sama ng loob ko. Nananaginip pa ako noon. Kasama pa sa panaginip ko si Richard Gutierrez at si Patrick Garcia. Sa panaginip ko, nagsho-shooting daw kami ni Richard ng isang scene sa drama na kami yung magka-partner. Bigla na lang pumasok si Patrick at naglabas ng baril. Niyakap na lang ako ni Richard sa panaginip ko at si Patrick naman eh nagsisigaw ng...
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