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Time Value of Money

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NILAI WAKTU UANG (TIME VALUE OF MONEY)

Konsep Dasar :
Bahwa setiap individu berpendapat bahwa nilai uang saat ini lebih berharga daripada nanti.
Sejumlah uang yang akan diterima dari hasil investasi pada akhir tahun, kalau kita memperhatikan nilai waktu uang, maka nilainya akan lebih rendah pada akhir tahun depan.
Jika kita tidak memperhatikan nilai waktu dari uang, maka uang yang akan kita terima pada akhir tahun depan adalah sama nilainya yang kita miliki sekarang.

Contoh 1 :
Uang sekarang Rp 30.000,- nilainya akan sama dengan Rp 30.000 pada akhir tahun kalau kita tidak memperhatikan nilai waktu unag, maka nilai uang sekarang adalah lebih tingi dari pada uang yang akan kita terima pada akhir tahun depan.

Contoh 2 :
Uang sekarang Rp 30.000,- nilainya lebih tinggi daripada Rp 30.000 pada akhir tahun depan, kenapa :
1. Karena kalau kita memiliki uang Rp 30.000 sekarang dapat disimpan di Bank dengan mendapatkan bunga misal 10 % / tahun, sehingga uang tersebut akan menjadi Rp 33.000
2. Jadi uang sekarang Rp 30.000 nilainya sama dengan Rp 33.000 pada akhir tahun.

ISTILAH YANG DIGUNAKAN :

Pv = Present Value (Nilai Sekarang)
Fv = Future Value (Nilai yang akan datang)
I = Bunga (i = interest / suku bunga) n = tahun ke-
An = Anuity
SI = Simple interest dalam rupiah
P0 = pokok/jumlah uang yg dipinjam/dipinjamkan pada periode waktu

BUNGA adalah sejumlah uang yang dibayarkan atau dihasilkan sebagai kompensasi terhadap apa yang dapat diperoleh dari penggunaan uang.

I. BUNGA SEDERHANA (simple interest)

adalah bunga yang dibayarkan/dihasilkan hanya dari jumlah uang mula-mula atau pokok pinjaman yang dipinjamkan atau dipinjam.

SI = P0(i)(n)

Nilai yang akan datang
Future value (terminal value) adalah nilai uang yang akan datang dari satu jumlah uang atau suatu seri pembayaran pada waktu sekarang, yg dievaluasi dengan suatu tingkat bunga tertentu.

FV = P0+ SI= P0+ P0(i)(n)

Nilai Sekarang (present value)
Adalah nilai sekarang dari satu jumlah uang/satu seri pembayaran yang akan datang, yang dievaluasi dengan suatu tingkat bunga tertentu.
Menghitung nilai pada waktu sekarang jumlah uang yang baru dimiliki beberapa waktu kemudian.

FVn = P0+ P0(i)(n)

PV0 = P0= II. BUNGA BERBUNGA (COMPOUND INTEREST)

Adalah bunga yg dibayarkan/dihasilkan dari bunga yg dihasilkan sebelumnya, sama seperti pokok yang dipinjam/dipinjamkan.

1. Nilai Majemuk (coumpaund value / ending amount) dari sejumlah uang merupakan penjumlahan dari uang pada permulaan periode. (Modal Pokok + Bunga pada periode tersebut). Atau menghitung jumlah akhir pada akhir periode dari sejumlah uang yang dimiliki sekarang.

FV = Pv + I FV = Pv + Pvi
FV0 = Pv(1+i)n atau FVn = Pv(FVIFi,n)

2. Nilai Sekarang (Present Value)
Menghitung nilai pada waktu sekarang jumlah uang yang baru akan dimiliki beberapa waktu kemudian PV = FV / (1+i)n

3. Nilai Majemuk dari Annuity
Anuity adalah deretan pembayaran dengan jumlah uang yang sama selama sejumlah tahun tertentu.

4. Nilai Sekarang dari Annuity

Contoh soal :

1. Bila uang ditabung pada tanggal 21 September 2006 sebesar Rp 1.000.000,- dengan tingkat bunga 10 % / tahun, berapa uang yang dapat di ambil pada tanggal 21 September 2009.
2. Setiap akhir tahun, di mulai pada akhir tahun 2006. Kita menabung uang sejumlah Rp 1.000.000,- selama 3 tahun. Dengan tingkat bunga 10 % / tahun, Berapa uang yang dapat di ambil pada akhir tahun ke-3 (2009)
3. pada akhir tahun 2009. Tn. Andi merencanakan membutuhkan dana sebesar Rp 3.310.000,-. Berapa Tn. Andi harus menabung setiap akhir tahun selama 3 tahun dalam jumlah yang sama di mulai pada akhir tahun 2006.
4. Berapa uang yang harus ditabung pada tanggal 21 September 2006 untuk mendapatka n uang sebesar Rp 1.331.000,- pada tanggal 2009, dengan tingkat bunga 10 %/ tahun.
5. Berapa uang yang harus ditabung pada tanggal 31 Desember 2006 agar setiap akhir tahun kita dapat mengambil uang sebanyak Rp 1.000.000,- selama 3 tahun dengan tingkat bunga 10 % / tahun. (Pengambilan di mulai pada akhir tahun 2007).
6. Bila uang ditabung pada tanggal 31 Desember 2005 sebesar Rp 2.486.852,- dengan tingkat bunga 10 %

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