...Tissues in the body In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level intervening between cells and a complete organ. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues. Epithelial Tissue Epithelial tissue covers the whole surface of the body. It is made up of cells closely packed and ranged in one or more layers. This tissue is specialized to form the covering or lining of all internal and external body surfaces. Epithelial cells are used for protection, absorption and secretion. Cell shapes found in epithelial tissue are squamous, cuboidal, columnar and transitional. Epithelial tissue is highly specialised for selective secretion and absorption of ions and molecules. Squamous: Squamous cells make up most of the cells in the outer layer of the skin. They have the appearance of thin, flat plates. Squamous cells form the lining of cavities such as the mouth, blood vessels, heart and lungs and make up the outer layer of the skin. Cuboidal: By lining the surface of various ducts of various glands and organs, simple cuboidal cells are able to provide a layer of protection from abrasion, foreign particles, invading bacteria and excessive water loss to the underlying tissue. In the kidney tubulus, the cells aid in the absorption and transport of filtered substances. Simple cuboidal consists of a single layer of cells with the same height...
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...Epithelial Tissue 3 types of epithelial cells are: 1. Squamous 2. Ciliated 3. Goblet cells Squamous Epithelial Cells Squamous epithelial cells are generally round and flat with a small, centrally located nucleus. These cells line any surface that come in contact with the external environment and function as mediators of filtration and diffusion. Ciliated Epithelial Cells Ciliated epithelial cells have 200-300 small, hair like protrusions known as ‘cilia’ that can do one of two things at a time; they can help cells move along the tissue, or can help debris and waste to move along the surface of cells. Ciliated cells are most often found in the body’s air passages, this includes the lungs, trachea and nose. Goblet Cells Goblet cells are column shaped cells that are found mostly in the respiratory and intestinal tracts. Goblet cells secrete the main component of mucus (mucins). Goblet cells are a source of mucus in tears and secrete various types of mucins onto the optical surface, especially in the conjunctiva which is located in the upper eye lid. On the interior surface of the intestine, goblet cells help to form a thick layer of mucus that protects and lubricates the organ. Blood Blood runs through the veins, arteries, and capillaries (known as whole blood – contains all blood cells) Blood has many different functions, including: * transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues * forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss ...
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... Health and Social Care The structure of the main tissues of the body- P2 A humans body is made up entirely of cells, without cells there would be no body. Tissues are basically groups of cells, that have almost the shape and function, and there are four main tissues of the body, which are: Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, Nervous tissue and Muscle tissue. Epithelial tissue- Epithelial tissue is one of the most important tissues of the body as it covers all of the surface of the human body. This tissue is made up of cells which are all packed in one or multiple layers. The main job of this tissue is to form the covering or lining of all of the internal and external bodies surfaces. Epithelial cells are packed tightly together, with almost spaces between them, and only a small amount of inter cellular substance. Inter celluar substance is the bodies substance in which tissue cells are embedded. No matter what the type is, Epithelial tissue is usually separated from the underlying tissue by a thin sheet of connective tissue, this is called basement membrane. The basement membrane's job is to provide structural support for the epithelium and also to bind it to neighboring structures. Connective tissue- The main role of connective tissue is to fill in the spaces between organs and tissues, and also to provide structural and metabolic support for other tissues and organs. Connective tissue is made up of cells and extra cellular matrix. The extra cellular matrix...
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...TISSUE STRUCTURE & FUNCTION There are 4 types of tissue in the body. Epithelial tissue covers the body, connective tissue is used for protection and support, muscle tissue (there are 4 different types) and then the nerve tissue which is used to send messages around the body. Epithelial Tissue It covers the whole surface of the body and it can be identified by one cell attached to another and is one cell thick or it sometimes has multi layers of thickness. Epithelial tissue protects the organs from damaging and also protects it from tension, it also protects the body from dirt, dust and bacteria and other things that may harm the body. There are 4 types of different epithelial tissue: pavement tissue, tessellated tissue, stratified tissue and ciliated/columnar tissue. Pavement tissue: has the appearance of thin, flat plates. It is normally found in the mouth, blood vessels and lungs, it makes up the outer layers of the skin and it is one cell thick. Tessellated tissue: they have wavy outlines because these cells line the blood vessels. Stratified tissue: has many layers of cells and the top cells are flat, it is all close together. Ciliated/columnar tissue: these cells occur with one or more layers and they are column shaped. They are the lining of the stomach and intestine but some of these are in the nose, ears and the taste buds of the tongue. The ciliated tissue is the same as columnar tissue the only difference is that it has thin, fine hair on the...
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...The Four Basic Human Body Structure Units and Their Functions The four basic human body structure units are cells, tissues, organs and systems which, all working together make the human body function. The cells are the core structure that make up the human body, although there are many different shapes, sizes and types they consist of three main parts, the cell membrane which maintains the shape of the cell and separates and controls the movement of material into and out of the cell, the nucleus which contains the cells DNA and determines its structure and function and the cytoplasm which is the fluid in the cell that contains the organelles which perform its specific functions. There are many cell functions dependant on the cell type but the generalized functions are molecule transport, reproduction and protein synthesis. Molecule transport is the transfer of material through the cell membrane, there are two ways this happens, diffusion and active transport. Diffusion is when molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and water move from areas where there are many of the particles to areas with less. Active transport is when substances are at lower concentration and require energy to be transferred. There are two means of active transport, endocytosis which is the movement of molecules from outside to inside the cell and exocytosis which is movement of molecules from inside to outside the cell, both performed through the formation of vesicles which package the molecules...
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...Chapter 4 Learning outcomes 4-1 Identify the four major types of tissues in the body and describe their roles. The four major types of tissues are epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural tissue. The functions of each are that the epithelial tissue covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways, and chambers, and forms glands. The connective tissue fills internal spaces, provides structural support for other tissues, transports materials within the body and stores energy. The muscle tissue includes the skeletal muscles of the body, the muscle of the heart, and the muscular walls of hollo organs, The neural tissue carries information from one part of the body to another in the form of electrical impulses. 4-2 Discuss the types and functions of epithelial tissue. The types of epithelial tissue include epithelia and glands. Epithelial provides four important functions that include physical protection, controls permeability, provides sensation, and produces specialized secretions. 4-3 Describe the relationship between structural and function for each type of epithelium. There are columnar, cuboidal, and squamous, which are flattened and scale-like cells. Basically columnar are much higher than they are wide, cuboidal look like squares, and squamous are flat like turtles and therefore not very tall at all. The relationship between each other is that squamous cells provide physical protection and performs absorption and secretion. The cuboidal structure relationship...
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...The four basic human body structure units are cells, tissues, organs and systems which, all working together make the human body function. The cells are the core structure that make up the human body, although there are many different shapes, sizes and types they consist of three main parts, the cell membrane which maintains the shape of the cell and separates and controls the movement of material into and out of the cell, the nucleus which contains the cells DNA and determines its structure and function and the cytoplasm which is the fluid in the cell that contains the organelles which perform its specific functions. There are many cell functions dependant on the cell type but the generalised functions are molecule transport, reproduction and protein synthesis. Molecule transport is the transfer of material through the cell membrane, there are two ways this happens, diffusion and active transport. Diffusion is when molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and water move from areas where there are many of the particles (high concentration) to areas with less (low concentration). Active transport is when substances are at lower concentration and require energy to be transferred. There are two means of active transport, endocytosis which is the movement of molecules from outside to inside the cell and exocytosis which is movement of molecules from inside to outside the cell, both performed via the formation of vesicles which package the molecules then fuse...
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...Melissa Ruiz Biology Review Rasmussen College 10/07/2011 1. Describe the interdependency of structure and function in the human body. Physiology depends on anatomy; anatomy is study of the structures in the body, physiology is the study of the functions of those structures. In other words, without structure there is no function. Physiology depends on anatomy, the operation or function of a structure is dictated by its anatomy. Anatomy and physiology are really inseparable because function always reflects structure. For example, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged across the thin membranes of the lungs but not across the skin. (Marieb and Hoehn, 2010, page 3) 2. Describe the three patterns of chemical reactions. Synthesis reaction is when atoms or molecules combine to form a larger, more complex molecule. It always involves bond formation and can be represented as A+B→AB. This is the basis of constructive activities in body cells. Amino acids are joined together to form a protein molecule. Decomposition reaction occurs when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules. It can be represented as AB→A+B. Decomposition reactions are the reverse of synthesis reactions. This underlies all degradative processes in body cells. Bonds are broken in larger molecules, resulting in smaller, less complex molecules. Glycogen is broken down to release glucose units. Exchange reactions involve both synthesis and decomposition. Bonds are both made and broken, which...
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...1.1 Describe the four basic human body structure units and their functions The way in which physical processes and functions take place in the body can be looked at on four main levels, moving progressively from the detailed to the general. At the most detailed level are the cells – the most basic of the physical structure units. Similar cells, when combined and held together, form tissue, the next main structure unit. Organs are collections of tissues that are combined to perform a particular function in the body. Organs do not work in isolation, however, and combine with other organs to create a biological system. Cells The cell is the most basic structural unit in the body. There are around 300 different cell types in the human body. While they differ in function, there are certain fundamental components or features that they generally have in common, such as a nucleus (with the exception of red blood cells), cytoplasm and a cell or plasma membrane. A cell membrane is composed of 60% protein, and 40% lipid, or fat. This membrane is a phospholipid bilayer which contains embedded protein molecules. It is a living boundary separating the living contents of the cell from its environment. Its function is to regulate the passage of molecules into and out of the cell. Within the membrane, the cell consists of cytoplasm, a gel-like substance containing organelles - small structures each with their own function. Common to all human cells except red blood cells, the nucleus is...
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...Tissues Squamous Epithelial Tissue Squamous epithelial tissues are thin and flat, scale-like in appearance, tend to have larger, elliptically-shaped nuclei. Squamous epithelial tissue are used for filtration and diffusion. Due to their simple and thin construct, they allow for easy transmembrane movement. Squamous epithelium is found in locations where rapid diffusion or filtration take place. In the kidney, simple squamous epithelium lines the Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus. Filtration and diffusion is instrumental to the kidney's function, as the kidney filters about 180 litres of blood per day. Simple squamous epithelium also makes up the alveoli in the lungs, where rapid gas exchange occurs, as oxygen enters the bloodstream through alveolar blood vessels and carbon dioxide exits as waste. Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue These tissues are equally wide as they are tall, creating a square profile with a spherical nucleus at its centre. Cuboidal tissues are able to provide a layer of protection from abrasion, foreign particles, invading bacteria and excessive water loss. In the kidney these distinct surfaces allow the simple cuboidal cells to facilitate in the absorption and transportation of substances that are filtered by the kidney. In the proximal convoluted tubules, the apical surface of the epithelium is lined with microvilli, creating a brush border, giving it a fuzzy appearance. The microvilli can aid in helping to transport material by “brushing” the molecules...
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...in adipose tissue? Why people become obese? Name: Wong Ming Yan Cannis SID: 54404835 Introduction: In this piece of innovative essay, I am going to have a brief introduction on the structure of adipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT): an indispensable part of our body with the function of energy storage and as an endocrine gland. After introducing the functions of adipose tissue, I will focus on topic: about the function of adipose tissue as a place for storage of fat. People become obese is partly due to adiponectin and leptin, the two hormones affecting adipose tissue and resulting in obesity....
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...main tissue types such as Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous. Tissues are groups of cells, which are placed together to achieve a common function. There are four main types of tissue: Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous. Most of these tissues are found in our bodies, however the epithelial tissue is covered all over the surfaces of the body. Epithelial tissue This tissue covers the whole surface of the body and is specialised to form the covering or lining of all internal and external body surfaces. The bottom layers of the cells are attached to the basement membrane for support and connection. Endothelium is an epithelial tissue that occurs on surfaces on the interior of the body. There are nerve supplies to Epithelia; however, they are supplied with oxygen and nutrients from deeper tissues by diffusion. Simple epithelia cells are very flat, with each nucleus with a small lump in the middle. They fit closely and can’t offer much protection and their function is to allow materials to pass through diffusion. This is usually found in lung alveoli and blood capillaries. Compound epithelia main function is to protect deeper structures and multiple layers of cells that obstruct the passage of materials. Connective tissue Connective tissues lie beneath the epithelial tissues; this connects different parts of the internal structure. They are in all parts of the body. It is responsible for providing structural support for the tissues and organs of the body. There...
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...the four basic human body structure units and their functions The four basic human body structures and their functions are as follows: • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Systems Cells Cells have been identified as the simplest unit of living matter that can maintain life. A cell is the simplest and smallest unit of living matter and cells can live independently and can also reproduce themselves. Cells exist in a varity of shapes and sizes including elongated, oval, and square, cells also have many different function. A group of cells is called a tissue and the study of the structure, form of cells and tissue is called histology. Tissues Tissue is a group/organisation of a number of similar cells, not all identical but from the same origin, that carry out a similar function, which also consists of varying amounts and varity of non-living, intercellular substance between them. It is the level between cells and organs. There are four types of tissue: Epithelial – tissue that is widespread throughout the body. They form the covering of all the body surfaces and are the main tissue found in glands. Epithelial tissue performs a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, filtration and sensory reception. Connective - tissue that binds structures together, and forms a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole. Connective tissue also acts as a transport system for substances to be carried around the body, and helps store fat...
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...Unit 5 Anatomy and physiology Functions of the component of the human cell.( http://www.slideshare.net/kristenaoconnor/cell-organelles) Cell membrane: the cell membrane also known as plasma membrane is the biological membrane that separates the interior cell from the outside environment. It provide support and protection for the cell. It serves as the entrance and exit of the cell. Cytoplasm: cytoplasm is a jelly like material that fill the cell. It contains food and water for the cell. It holds the organelle in place. It is mainly composed of water, salt and proteins. Nucleus : it contains the majority of genetic materials as DNA molecules along with variety of protein to form chromosomes. which makes humans who and what they are. Endoplasmic reticulum: the endoplasmic reticulum serves many functions, it folds protein molecules in sacs cisternae, it transports synthesized proteins in the vesicles to the Golgi apparatus. Golgi apparatus: it is made up of membrane bound sacs .The function of the Golgi apparatus is to process and bundle macromolecules like protein and lipids as they synthesize in the cell. It modifies sorts and package proteins to be secreted. Mitochondria: it is of the referred to as the powerhouse . It breaks down food and release energy to the cell. Lysosomes: they organelle that contain the digestive enzymes. It cleans up the cell’s waste product. Centriole: the main function of the centriole is to help the division in cells. It also helps in...
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...Basic Human Body Structure Units And Their Functions In: Science Basic Human Body Structure Units And Their Functions 1.1 Describe the four basic human body structure units and their functions The four basic human body structures and their functions are as follows: • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Systems Cells Cells have been identified as the simplest unit of living matter that can maintain life. A cell is the simplest and smallest unit of living matter and cells can live independently and can also reproduce themselves. Cells exist in a varity of shapes and sizes including elongated, oval, and square, cells also have many different function. A group of cells is called a tissue and the study of the structure, form of cells and tissue is called histology. Tissues Tissue is a group/organisation of a number of similar cells, not all identical but from the same origin, that carry out a similar function, which also consists of varying amounts and varity of non-living, intercellular substance between them. It is the level between cells and organs. There are four types of tissue: Epithelial – tissue that is widespread throughout the body. They form the covering of all the body surfaces and are the main tissue found in glands. Epithelial tissue performs a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, filtration and sensory reception. Connective - tissue that binds structures together, and forms a framework and support...
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