Premium Essay

To What Extend Is the Treaty of Versailles Fair?

In:

Submitted By jmwong
Words 337
Pages 2
The TOV is a peace treaty that was put into place at the end of World War One and it was largely an unfair treaty, as Germany was not allowed to negotiate the terms of the treaty. The Germans was forced into signing the treaty or risk invasion by the Allied Forces, even though at that time, Germany had to yet surrendered but called for a ceasefire. The act of coercion is unjust towards the Germans as the Germans has not admitted that they have lost and should be given the right to discuss about the terms which involves Germany itself.

The TOV was also largely based upon penalising Germany as Article 231 effectively blames Germany for the war and states that Germany must accept total responsibility. By forcing Germany to accept total responsibility for the war, the other countries are exempt from penalty. Also, Germany had to shoulder the cost for all the reparations even though the damage was done by both the Allies and the Central Powers. Only Germany will bear the shame and blame which shows that The Big Three negotiated the conditions of the Treaty to increase their personal benefit.

The military clause was the harshest and most damaging clause, and was greatly disapproved of by Germany. The size and power of the German army was one of her greatest assets. By restricting her to an army of only 100,000 volunteers, the Treaty left her defenseless and vulnerable. For such a large country, an army of 100,000 men was just big enough to keep order within Germany at that time of political unrest and instability, but was not large enough to defend Germany from other invading powers. The army was a symbol of German pride and an important political source of nationalism. Having almost half of it taken away ruined Germany's Great Power status, and made her an easy target for other countries. In addition, the Rhineland became a demilitarized zone, meaning that Germany

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Politics

...HISTORY IGCSE REVISION BOOK ARAB –ISRAELI What was Zionism * The longing for a homeland for the Jews. * It is the international political movement supporting the re-establishment of a homeland for the Jewish people.’ * ‘The historic homeland of the Jews was in the land of Israel.’ * ‘Since its establishment, Zionists continue to support it.’ * ‘It encourages the migration of Jews to Israel.’ * ’40% of Jews live in Israel and this % is rising.’ * ‘Zionism wants to strengthen and protect Jews and the State o What problems faced Palestine in 1945 Civil disruption.‘ * Large numbers of Jews wanted to go to Palestine.’ * ‘The US was supporting a state of Israel.’ * ‘Should immigration be allowed?’ * ‘Campaigns of violence by the Irgun.’ Why did Britain decide to hand Palestine over to the United Nations * ‘It did not want to stay.’ * ‘Because of the cost.’ * ‘There was violence.’ * ‘Because of its view of Zionism.’ * ‘The pressure from the Irgun.’ * ‘Because of the guerrilla campaign. Explains why * ‘At the end of the war Britain was under great pressure to change its policy and allow in survivors of the holocaust. They refused and this brought about violent protest.’ * ‘The Irgun deliberately attacked and killed British soldiers including the explosion at the King David Hotel. The violence from the Irgun was intended to persuade...

Words: 87832 - Pages: 352

Free Essay

Politic History of France

...Course: European Political History Required Sources: A History of Modern Europe 1789-1981, 7th Edition, H.L. Peacock (available at GAU library) The Pneguin History of the World, 3rd Edition, by J.M. Roberts (available at GAU library) Recommended Sources: Donald Kagan et al: A Political History of Europe, since 1814 by Charles Seignobos, S. M. Macvane, The Western Heritage, Brief Edition, 2003 Websites: The course focuses on European history from the early 17th century to the end of the Second World War. The following aspects of political history of five selected countries - France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Spain- are covered : early kingdoms, unification, nationalism movements, political philosophies, conferences, alliance systems and conflicts which had an impact on Europe during the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th Centuries.Topics such as the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, the Concert of Europe, and the two world wars will also be discussed. Special emphasis will be placed on the relationship between the rise of liberalism and nationalism, the industrial revolution, and the emergence of modern political systems in Europe. Contents Introduction Chapter 1 Political history of France : Chapter 2 Political history of Germany: Chapter 3 Political history of Great Britain: Chapter 4 Political history of Italy: Chapter 5 Political history of Spain: Introduction In studying political history of European states, we put a focus on the beginning of...

Words: 24910 - Pages: 100

Free Essay

War Crimes and the International Community

...Running head: War Crimes and the International Community War Crimes and the International Community Abhishek Gandhi Professor Farber Sociology 300 Summer 2012 Abstract What are war crimes? Inhuman acts have been committed in all wars throughout human history. It has only been in the last 2 centuries that certain acts that were committed during war were found to be so reprehensible that they were labeled war crimes. Even thought these acts were committed during the "fog of war", they still merited punishment in a court of law in the eyes of the international community. When military and political leaders began to systematically target large civilian groups because of their nationality, ethnicity, gender or religion, then the international community began to see the necessity of holding political leaders accountable for their political decisions in a court of law, (Hauss, 2003). After World War II, when the atrocities of the Holocaust became well known, the victorious Allied powers decided to hold war crimes tribunals to punish the political and military leaders of Germany and Japan. The Nuremberg and Tokyo trials were the first of their kind in establishing international precedent for the prosecution of war crimes. Later war crimes that were committed in Yugoslavia and Rwanda resulted in the creation of separate tribunals by the United Nations to punish the leaders who perpetrated these acts. Attempts are...

Words: 3270 - Pages: 14

Free Essay

The (Un)Official United States History Cram Packet

...The (un)Official United States History Cram Packet This is not intended as a substitute for regular study ……. But it is a powerful tool for review. 1494: Treaty of Tordesillas – divides world between Portugal and Spain 1497: John Cabot lands in North America. 1513: Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain. 1524: Verrazano explores North American Coast. 1539-1542: Hernando de Soto explores the Mississippi River Valley. 1540-1542: Coronado explores what will be the Southwestern United States. 1565: Spanish found the city of St. Augustine in Florida. 1579: Sir Francis Drake explores the coast of California. 1584 – 1587: Roanoke – the lost colony 1607: British establish Jamestown Colony – bad land, malaria, rich men, no gold - Headright System – land for population – people spread out 1608: French establish colony at Quebec. 1609: United Provinces establish claims in North America. 1614: Tobacco cultivation introduced in Virginia. – by Rolfe 1619: First African slaves brought to British America. 15. Virginia begins representative assembly – House of Burgesses 1620: Plymouth Colony is founded. - Mayflower Compact signed – agreed rule by majority • 1624 – New York founded by Dutch 1629: Mass. Bay founded – “City Upon a Hill” - Gov. Winthrop - Bi-cameral legislature, schools 1630: The Puritan Migration 1632: Maryland – for profit – proprietorship 1634 – Roger Williams banished from Mass. Bay Colony 1635:...

Words: 7863 - Pages: 32

Premium Essay

History Ib Review Notes

...Higher Level History Notes 19th Century Russia The Russian people are descendants of the ‘Rus’ who are thought to be a mixture of Scandinavian and Slavic origin and settled in that region out of ± 800 AD Byzantine Empire A major legacy of the Byzantine Empire for the Russians was the eastern orthodox or Greek Orthodox Church With the decline of Byzantium came a wave of conquest from the East, the Mongols until the 15th century (Tatars). To a large extent, the Mongols allowed Russians to maintain their way of life: - Slavic based languages including writing system (Cyrillic) - Orthodox religion The Russians adopted much from Asian culture and this led western Europeans to think less of the Russians Geographically Russia was isolated from the rest of Europe: - Entirely land locked (mostly) - Huge Plains of Eastern Europe prevented overland travel During these early years there were a series of muscovite princes based in Moscow and called themselves Tsars. By the 17th century the Romanov family became the ruling dynasty: - Alexander I (1801-1825) - Nicholas I (1825-1855) - Alexander II (1855-1881) - Alexander III (1881-1894) - Nicholas II (1894-1917) Under the rule of Peter the Great (1689-1728) Russia grew greatly in size and entered the European World www.ibscrewed.org The Russia of 1800 was one of the greatest autocracies in Europe where: - The Tsar’s rule was absolute - There was a small...

Words: 32400 - Pages: 130

Free Essay

France Period

...HISTORY OF FRANCE • 13th century Spreading the weight of vaults over a series of ribs, columns, and pilasters, Gothic architecture allows the dissolution of the wall. Windows in cathedrals and churches are filled with stained glass; the shimmering colored light transfigures the vast interiors. Depicting biblical stories, scenes from the lives of the saints, or single figures, stained-glass windows complement the sculptures on the exterior and the rites and ceremonies observed within. • 1209 The Albigensian Crusade is launched by Pope Innocent III with the help of Cistercian monks. While the original spark for this war springs from papal desire to extinguish the growing problem of heresy in the region surrounding Toulouse, the political struggle between the independent southern territories and lords from northern France, joined after 1226 by Louis VIII, plays itself out in a war. In 1229, Count Raymond VII of Toulouse, who had been Louis VIII's main adversary, is compelled to cede territory to the king's control. • ca. 1210–1250 Artists at Chartres install an elaborate and extensive program of stained-glass windows in the cathedral under construction there. In addition to religious and historical subjects, the intensely colored windows depict numerous scenes of tradespeople at work, including bakers, furriers, wheelwrights, and weavers. These tradespeople were likely contributors—through hefty taxes—to the construction of the church. • 1226 Louis IX (d. 1270), grandson...

Words: 10574 - Pages: 43

Free Essay

Public International Law

...acknowledges that on occasions when there was a conflict between the two systems, a municipal judge would be bound by the jurisdictional rules of the domestic domain. 2 Primacy of International Law 1 Municipal Tribunals Whether international law has primacy over municipal law depends on each particular country’s constitution. In Australia, there is no express incorporation of international obligations in Australia. Implementing legislation is required for both treaty and customary international law to apply. See below for further information. 2 International Tribunals A State cannot invoke domestic laws as an excuse for failure to perform its international duties and obligations. [Draft Declaration on Rights and Duties of States 1949, Article 13; Alabama Claims Arbitration] • Draft Declaration was noted and commended to members by General Assembly Resolution 375 • Under Article 27 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, a State cannot rely on domestic law to sanction the breach of a treaty 1...

Words: 34402 - Pages: 138

Free Essay

Ssc Gk

...India. Macaulay’s minutes on education were accepted declaring that English should be the official language of India; Abolished provincial courts of appeal and circuit set up by Cornwallis, appointment of Commissioners of revenue and circuit. • Wars: Annexed Coorg (1834), Central Cachar (1834) on the plea of misgovernment. Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835–1836): Passed the famous Press Law, which liberated the press in India (called Liberator the Press). Lord Auckland (1836–42): 1st Anglo-Afghan War (1836–42)—great blow to the prestige of the British in India. Lord Ellenborough (1842–44): Brought an end to the Afghan War. Annexation of Sindh (1843); War with Gwalior (1843). Lord Hardings I (1844–48): 1st Anglo-Sikh war (1845–46) and the Treaty of Lahore 1846 (marked the end of Sikh sovereighty in India); Gave preference to English education in employment. Lord Dalhousie (1848–56): Abolished Titles and Pensions, Widow Remarriage Act (1856). Made Shimla the summer capital. • Administrative Reforms: Introduced the system of Centralized control in the newly acquired territories known as Bon-Regulation system; Raised Gurkha regiments. Click Here To Buy Hard Copy of This Book: http://www.upscportal.com/civilservices/order-form/gk-books Click Here For Current Affair News For UPSC,IAS,SSC, Govt. Exams http://upscportal.com/civilservices/current-affairs • Education Reforms:...

Words: 14356 - Pages: 58

Premium Essay

French Revolution (Timeline)

...French Revolution AOS 1 Revs Revision Notes – Part I AOS 1 – French Revolution Index: 1. PRE REVOLUTION FRANCE a. France in the 18th Century b. Power and Limitations of the King c. Privilege and its Spread d. Frances Taxes (How and What) e. The Estates 2. IDEAS, INPUTS AND CAUSES a. Very Short List of Causes of the Revolution b. Shift to Sensibility c. American Revolution Input d. The Liberal Economic Theory (Physiocracy) e. The Philosophes 3. FINANCIAL CRISIS AND MANAGEMENT a. Frances Financial Crisis b. Frances Finance Ministers (Comptroller-General) c. Compte Rendu d. Parlements and Their Role e. Assembly of Notables and Their Role 4. EVENTS PRECEEDING AND DURING EXILE AND RECALL OF PARLEMENTS a. Ségur Ordinance b. Diamond Necklace Affair c. Eden Treaty d. Calling of the Assembly of Notables e. The Dutch Crisis (Spring 1787) f. Last Chance with the Notables g. Notables Dissolved h. Attempts to Pass Reforms at the Parlements i. Exile and Recall of the Parlements j. Society of Thirty 5. EVENTS PRECEEDING CALL OF ESTATES GENERAL a. The Reduction of Parlement’s Rights b. The Day of Tiles (Grenoble) c. The Famine of 1788 d. The Calling of the Estates-General 6. ESTATES-GENERAL ...

Words: 32945 - Pages: 132

Free Essay

I Dont Card

...tolerate the British government’s policies toward the American colonies no longer, he sailed back to the colonies. By the time his ship arrived, the first battles of the American Revolution had already been fought. Franklin was chosen to serve on the Second Continental Congress, which, acting as the government for the colonies, declared independence from Britain and appointed George Washington as commander in chief of the American army. Franklin was one of five men selected to draft the Declaration of Independence, the formal document proclaiming freedom from British rule. During the war, Franklin secured from France financial assistance for the colonies. He also helped formulate the peace treaty between the colonies and Great Britain. He was present at Versailles in 1783 when that treaty—the Treaty of Paris—was signed. He then returned to...

Words: 8787 - Pages: 36

Premium Essay

Chaucer

...tolerate the British government’s policies toward the American colonies no longer, he sailed back to the colonies. By the time his ship arrived, the first battles of the American Revolution had already been fought. Franklin was chosen to serve on the Second Continental Congress, which, acting as the government for the colonies, declared independence from Britain and appointed George Washington as commander in chief of the American army. Franklin was one of five men selected to draft the Declaration of Independence, the formal document proclaiming freedom from British rule. During the war, Franklin secured from France financial assistance for the colonies. He also helped formulate the peace treaty between the colonies and Great Britain. He was present at Versailles in 1783 when that treaty—the Treaty of Paris—was signed. He then returned to...

Words: 8712 - Pages: 35

Premium Essay

Study Guide for Ben Franklin

...George II of England. When he could tolerate the British government’s policies toward the American colonies no longer, he sailed back to the colonies. By the time his ship arrived, the first battles of the American Revolution had already been fought. Franklin was chosen to serve on the Second Continental Congress, which, acting as the government for the colonies, declared independence from Britain and appointed George Washington as commander in chief of the American army. Franklin was one of five men selected to draft the Declaration of Independence, the formal document proclaiming freedom from British rule. During the war, Franklin secured from France financial assistance for the colonies. He also helped formulate the peace treaty between the colonies and...

Words: 8904 - Pages: 36

Free Essay

Information

...Hungary From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the European country. For other uses, see Hungary (disambiguation). Hungary Magyarország | | | Flag | Coat of arms | | Anthem:  Himnusz Hymn | Location of  Hungary  (dark green) – in Europe  (green & dark grey) – in the European Union  (green)  —  [Legend] | Capital and largest city | Budapest 47°26′N 19°15′E | Official languages | Hungarian | Ethnic groups (2001[1]) | * 92% Hungarians * 2% Roma * 6% others | Demonym | Hungarian | Government | Parliamentary republic |  -  | President | János Áder |  -  | Prime Minister | Viktor Orbán |  -  | Speaker of the National Assembly | László Kövér | Legislature | National Assembly | Foundation |  -  | Foundation | 895  |  -  | Christian kingdom | 1000  |  -  | Secession from Austria-Hungary | 1918  |  -  | Current republic | 23 October 1989  | Area |  -  | Total | 93,030 km2 (109th) 35,919 sq mi  |  -  | Water (%) | 0.74% | Population |  -  | June 2012 estimate | 9,942,000[2] (84th) |  -  | Oct 2011 census | 9,982,000[3] |  -  | Density | 107.2/km2 (94th) 279.0/sq mi | GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate |  -  | Total | $195.640 billion[4] |  -  | Per capita | $19,891[4] | GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate |  -  | Total | $140.303 billion[4] |  -  | Per capita | $13,045[4] | Gini (2008) | 24.96 (low / 3rd) | HDI (2011) |  0.816[5] (very high / 38th) | Currency...

Words: 14260 - Pages: 58

Premium Essay

Julius Ceasar

...OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY OUTLINE OF OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY C O N T E N T S CHAPTER 1 Early America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 CHAPTER 2 The Colonial Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 CHAPTER 3 The Road to Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 CHAPTER 4 The Formation of a National Government . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 CHAPTER 5 Westward Expansion and Regional Differences . . . . . . . 110 CHAPTER 6 Sectional Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 CHAPTER 7 The Civil War and Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 CHAPTER 8 Growth and Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 CHAPTER 9 Discontent and Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 CHAPTER 10 War, Prosperity, and Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CHAPTER 11 The New Deal and World War I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 CHAPTER 12 Postwar America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 CHAPTER 13 Decades of Change: 1960-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 CHAPTER 14 The New Conservatism and a New World Order . . . . . . 304 CHAPTER 15 Bridge to the 21st Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 PICTURE PROFILES Becoming a Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Words: 104976 - Pages: 420

Premium Essay

Labour Laws

...LABOUR LAWS IN INDIA Index Particulars 1. Introduction a) History of Labour law 3 5 6 6 8 9 27 Page No. b) Evolution of Labour law in India c) Purpose of Labour Legislations d) Constitutional provisions with regard to labour laws e) 2. 3. 4. Labour Policy of India List of Labour laws in India Classification of labour laws in India Overview of important labour laws in India a) Apprentices Act, 1961 29 36 51 of 55 b) Employees State Insurance Act, 1948 c) Employees Provident Fund And Misc. Provisions Act, 1952 Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification d) The Vacancies) Act, 1959 e) f) g) Factories Act, 1948 Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 Labour Laws (Exemption From Furnishing Returns & Maintaining Registers By Certain Establishments) Act, 1988 h) Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 i) j) Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 Workmen’s  Compensation  Act, 1923 83 87 91 58 74 80 1 k) l) The Trade Unions Act, 1926 Shops and Establishment Act, 1954 97 101 104 118 129 132 135 144 147 151 157 172 177 179 180 186 190 m) Laws related to wages n) Laws related to child labour o) Law related to contract labour p) Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Checklist of labour law compliance Unfair labour practice Labour laws in the unorganized sector Women labour and the Law Industrial relations 10. Special points to be noted while drafting Employment Agreement 11. Important case laws under various labour legislations 12. Important organizations 13. Authorities under...

Words: 57757 - Pages: 232