...illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, and fire arm related incidents combined. There have been ten times more premature deaths due to tobacco use than casualties during all noted American wars in United States history (“Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking”, 2014, para.2). Use of tobacco products causes cancer of the nose, mouth, larynx, trachea, esophagus, throat, lungs, liver, stomach, pancreas, kidneys, bladder, cervix, bone marrow, blood, colon, and rectum (“Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking”, 2014, para.6). “Globally, it is estimated that cervical cancer is responsible for 2.7 million years of lost life, and at least 75 percent of head and neck cancers are caused by tobacco and alcohol use.” (Lamb, Dawson, Gagan, & Peddie, 2013, p. 25; National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, 2013, para. 11). These are only two frightening cancer statistics caused by tobacco from the previously stated list. It is imperative to understand the repercussions of using tobacco products so patients do not become another one of these statistics, but it is more important to explain the positive results of abstaining from those products to encourage greater chances of successful cessation of tobacco use. In this research the best practices related to patient education in patients who use some form of tobacco are established. Theoretical Framework The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a tool that can be used by educators and nurses in order to understand and improve...
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...Tobacco Cessation Effectiveness in Youth and Adolescence Despite the development of smoking cessation medications and aids, tobacco use remains a major societal problem in America today. The systemic effects of the nicotine contained in tobacco and absorbed by the body leave a devastating footprint on smokers and non-smokers alike. The financial strain on the healthcare system is self-evident. The research gathered has proven to be inadequate because the sample sizes are small, and the researchers did not properly record statistics to prove effectiveness of the cessation programs. There are three very effective steps for adolescent cessation: screen for tobacco dependency with families, counsel and use behavioral interventions and prescription medications, and finally educate parents about the dangers of second hand smoke. Lack of accessibility to numerous tobacco dependence treatments remains an issue. Furthermore, impact on health from tobacco use has been documented profusely, yet the tobacco industry still continues to lure adolescents and adults with the advertising and promotional markets. One in two smokers will die prematurely of a disease caused by dependence on tobacco. After reading findings by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, it is stated that “youths also are susceptible to tobacco advertising, and those who are exposed to frequent advertisements for tobacco are more likely to smoke than those who are...
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...Increase uptake of Smoking cessation services in deprived areas Background Tobacco is a major killer. About half of the smokers die prematurely due to smoking related diseases. The most recent estimates show that around 114,000 people in the UK are killed by smoking every year, accounting for one fifth of all UK deaths (Peto, R. et al). People under 35 who never stop smoking may lose 10 years of life expectancy. In the UK about 30% of smokers attempt to quit, of whom 3% to 6% are successful (1% to 2% of all smokers). Almost all smokers try to quit without professional support from NHS, private clinics or workplace schemes. An analysis of quit attempts made by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) category shows the largest numbers to be in the most deprived categories and the smallest in the least deprived, Scottish Household Survey estimates (2005/2006) of smoking prevalence by deprivation quintiles show a smoking prevalence rate of 41% in the most deprived areas and 13% in the least deprived areas. People from deprived background are underprivileged in terms of income, employment, housing, education and most importantly access to health services. So while planning smoking cessation intervention for people from deprived background these factors need to be taken into consideration. For instance costly habit of smoking causes burden on this poor man’s household budget. One survey found that if both partners smoke, they could be spending as much as 15% of...
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...Tools and Programs to help quit smoking 2.1 Increase in the price of tobacco Raising cigarettes taxes is considered a long term method of controlling smoking, which is prevailing in the society. According to meta-analysis in 2003, statistics from 86 research papers show more than 50% of smokers were influenced by increase of tobacco price, which means a 10% tobacco price increase would result in 2.4% less smokers (Martire, Mattick, Doran&Hall, 2010). Therefore, the effects of increasing cigarette prices have a significant influence on decreasing the consumption of tobacco. Furthermore, Hayes (2011) claims that if the government of New Zealand follows the policy completely, the deaths caused by smoking in ten years will decrease up to 300 each year. Consequently, the World Health Organization suggests that regulating the price of tobacco is the most efficient measure to reduce smoking (WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, as cited in Hayes, 2011). 2.2 Legislative response According to Hayes (2011), the main barrier in the process of controlling smoking efficiently is that government lack of policy. It means that the government policies would not only focus on the cigarettes consumers, but also on supervising the authorized tobacco sellers. In 1985, a legislation was enacted in New Zealand, children under 16 years old were prohibited to buy cigarettes (Hayes, 2011). In addition, National Public Health Partnership (2000) notes that ACT, Western Australia and South...
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...we believe will not only benefit our customers, but it will change their lives for the better. The proposed exchange with NoSmoke is simply this: buy our product, and we will give you freedom from tobacco addiction for the rest of your life. It would seem to need no marketing at all! No product, though, not even the best of the best, can stand out in today’s cluttered marketplace without marketing. NoSmoke is a natural herbal, non-medicinal smoking cessation aid product that has been developed and used privately with a high degree of success by the doctor and physical therapist who developed it. We will be entering an estimated $450M market with numerous competitors, and we intend to clearly communicate how and why NoSmoke stands out among the other smoking cessation aids currently available (Johnson, 2009). Many questions can surround herbal supplements. Customers will want to know what it is made from, how it is used, why it works, and whether there are any special instructions they must follow when ingesting it, such as taking the product with water or with a meal. While our formulation is proprietary, we endeavor to answer as many customer questions as we possibly can with regards to our product. Numerous herbal supplements have been rumored to aid in smoking cessation, including lobeline, St. John’s wort, and valerian, but these all have reported side effects and none are marketed as specifically helping to stop smoking...
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...Organization & Management College of Business San José State University “As a leading healthcare organization dedicated to fighting disease and advocating healthy living, our policies and procedures must reflect that commitment,” said Delos M. “Toby” Cosgrove, M.D. CEO and President of Cleveland Clinic. “Having banned smoking from our campuses and launched a communitywide program to promote smoking cessation, incorporating Cotinine testing is a natural extension of our efforts to highlight the perils of tobacco use.” The Cleveland Clinic informs applicants when they apply for work that those that “applicants who test positive for tobacco products will not be considered for employment and will be referred to tobacco cessation resources paid for by Cleveland Clinic. After 90 days, applicants successful in quitting will be encouraged to reapply.” Existing personnel are not covered by this policy. The Clinic continues to offer existing personnel extensive support and guidance to quit using tobacco. Use of Tobacco by Employees One has to recognize that some people enjoy tobacco. Standing outside with a group of friends smoking during a break provides camaraderie. Pacing one’s actions throughout the day by indulging in a smoke break is pleasurable for many. Smoking also satisfies one’s oral needs that may otherwise be met by eating; weight gain is one of the unpleasant consequences for many smokers that quit. Nicotine also helps some smokers focus and enhances their mental...
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... The business research that I chose for my paper is the reinforcement of smoking and drinking and how tobacco marketing strategies link themselves with alcohol in the United States. The reason I chose this topic is because I see this issue increasing within our society. The purpose of this research is to investigate tobacco companies’ awareness about concurrent use of tobacco and alcohol, their marketing strategies linking cigarettes with alcohol, and the benefits tobacco companies pursued from these marketing activities. Problems under Investigation Smoking remains the leading preventable cause of premature deaths in the United States, accounting for more than 440,000 deaths yearly. Alcohol consumption is the third-leading cause of deaths in the nation. Each year, approximately 79,000 deaths are caused by excessive alcohol use. The concurrent use of cigarettes and alcohol further increases risks for certain cancers, such as cancer of the mouth, throat, and esophagus. In addition, the use of both tobacco and alcohol makes it more difficult to quit either substance. The three basics issues are under investigation: 1. What tobacco companies knew about the association between drinking and smoking, especially about smokers’ drinking behaviors 2. How tobacco and alcohol companies developed cross promotions featuring cigarettes and alcohol 3. How tobacco companies linked cigarettes with alcohol in their marketing activities and the benefits they expected to gain...
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...series proposal for your community using one of the following four topics: 1) Bioterrorism/Disaster 2) Environmental Issues 3) Primary Prevention/Health Promotion 4) Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population Planning Before Teaching: Name and Credentials of Teacher:Elisa Lisella | Estimated Time Teaching Will Last:30 mins | Location of Teaching:Trillium Health Partners | Supplies, Material, Equipment Needed:Projector | Estimated Cost:0 | Community and Target Aggregate:Pulmonary Rehab Population (includes: COPD; Emphysema, etc) | Topic:SMOKING CESSATION: Making a difference in the life of a smoker. | Epidemiological Rationale for Topic (statistics related to topic): * Tobacco is the #1 risk factor for preventable death and disease in Canada * 7 Million canadians smoke; 45,000 die every year * economic burden is high * tobacco contributes to chronic diseases & exacerbations (i.e: COPD). Nursing Diagnosis: Readiness for Self Help Management, secondary to decision to quit smoking and reduce COPD exacerbations. Readiness for Learning: Identify the factors that would indicate the readiness to learn for the target aggregate. Include emotional and experiential readiness to learn. * Are you a smoker who is interested in quitting in the next month? * Are you willing to set a QUIT date? * If, yes, would you like to enroll in the Ontario Government’s FREE Quit Smoking Program? * Are you interested...
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...because I am addicted to it. This is because smoking has caused some changes in my body and the way I act to them thus continuing to smoke. The changes in the ways I act have now developed over time, and these changes have become my smoking habit. For example, when I am stressed, I use cigarettes as an outlet for my frustrations. I am used to a smoking environment where my friends keep on smoking thus making me continue smoking. There has been a time I attempted to break this habit, to no avail. Kleinman and Messina-Kleinman (2000) argue that ignorance is one of the causes that contribute to persistent smoking. The government has tried to raise awareness on smoking, but the tobacco companies have increased advertisement of tobacco. Thus, it is difficult for people to break the habit of smoking. Moreover, tobacco has nicotine that makes one addicted thus making it hard for one to break the smoking habit. For me it has nothing to with being uneducated on how bad smoking is for you, rather the addition and the mind set. Using behavioral personality, I now have the smoking habit. According to Duka, Crombag and Stephens 2011), the environment is the one that contributes to the different behaviors of individuals. This is because one develops certain...
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...Research Proposal (Assignment 5 semester 2) Title Further investigation into people’s relationships with smoking. Aims & Objectives The aim of this research is to establish an extensive bank of valuable information that can be used to develop more effective campaigns and techniques for the cessation of smoking. This information will be collated using various design tools to create effective and accessible resources. We will achieve this by using a combination of semi-structured interviews alongside detailed observations of those who have been smoking (socially or heavy) for 2 years or more. Background This research has been instigated as a result of continued investigation into smoking; its users and the existing, often unsuccessful cessation programs. We hope the research will be used to inform those developing cessation programs of the motives and reasons behind individual smoking behaviour so that programs and advertising can be developed to achieve a higher success rate. The knowledge gained may be used to provide a greater understanding of areas related to smoker addiction that have not been explored in depth but have a substantial impact on the effectiveness of cessation. Interest in this area stemmed from the reading of “The Tipping Point” by Malcolm Gladwell. In chapter 7 in particular he discusses the distinct personality type associated with smokers; as well as the significance of peer and psychological factors in relation to an individual’s dependency on smoking...
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...Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 2014 Longitudinal, Time series Quasi- experimental study. Methodological Research Collaborative change framework using the learning collaborative model 70 staff members from 12 VA PTSD Clinics After training and development of a expert panel team, questionnaires evaluated how feasible and effective integrative care for smoking cessation using the Learning Collaborative Model. The LC model would be useful to implement integrated care to patients without interfering with treatment. The staff found it useful but difficult to communicate and meet with teams to train Unique challenges: different clinics of VA It is unknown whether the practice will continue with time. These subjects were examined at 12 and 24 months to check for continued delivery of teaching |Implementing Smoking Cessation guidelines for hospitalized Veterans: Effects on nurse attitudes and performance | David A. Katz, John Holman, Skyler Johnson, Stephen L. Hills, Sara Ono,...
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...situation of smokers in certain countries with high tobacco taxes are influenced. Due to those reasons, many smokers are trying to overcome their addiction. The purpose of this study is to find out how psychological and medical approaches can be successfully used to quit smoking. It should explain how the methods work and what former smokers that have used those techniques experienced with them. The classical means of smoking cessation are medical treatments. They vary from laser therapy to drugs that substitute Nicotine and other ingredients of cigarettes. The psychological approaches to quit smoking have gained more popularity in the last few years. Especially hypnosis is often considered as a very effective method to overcome smoking. Also acupuncture can be seen as a psychological approach since it affects the mind and not the body. In comparison to medical approaches, hypnosis and acupuncture cannot impact the body. It can also be cheaper than a laser therapy for example. However, not every individual is receptive for hypnosis and acupuncture. This makes the medical methods more reliable. The central issue is, that every smoker who wants to overcome his addiction should try different methods, both psychological and medical. My thesis is, that the most effective way for smoking cessation is a combined therapy of psychological and medical treatment. Further Examination & Discussion The main issue about smoking cessation aided by hypnosis is the fact that not every...
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...Health Education Plan Deborah Hibbs Nurs 405 March 12, 2012 Beth Meadows RN,MSN, NCSN Health Education Plan This health education plan is based on information collected from information gathered from a Windshield Survey and from interviews of a subject family. Educational Needs Although smoking rates have gone down over the last few years, there is still a need for education related to smoking and smoking cessation. In the Windshield Survey, it was stated that due to local and state regulations, smoking in public places is illegal and since these laws have been in force, smoking rates in the area have dropped. “New survey results show Washington’s adult smoking rate has dropped to a new low of 14.8 percent. That’s down from 15.3 percent the previous year. Washington now has the third lowest smoking rate in the nation—the state’s best ranking since measuring across all 50 states started in 1995 (Washington State Department of Health, 2010).” Even with the lower rate, there is still a need for more education, especially among the lower income group. According to the Washington State Department of Health (2010) website, “The smoking rates among people from low income or with lower educational backgrounds remain high at 29 and 27 percent, respectively. While people with lower incomes try to quit as often as people with higher incomes, they are less successful.” My subject family has a mother and father who are chain smokers and two teenage children who are suffering from...
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...Trends in Tobacco Use American Lung Association Research and Program Services Epidemiology and Statistics Unit July 2011 Table of Contents Mortality Consumption Prevalence of Tobacco Use and Cessation Tobacco Advertising and Promotion State Laws and Secondhand Smoke International Smoking Prevalence List of Tables Table 1: Smoking-Attributable Deaths Among Adults, 2000-2004 and Projected Smoking-Attributable Deaths Among Youth, 2003-2004 Table 2: Cigarette Consumption, United States, 1900-2007 Table 3: Number of Adults Who Were Current Smokers by Sex, Race, and Age, Selected Years, 1965-2009 Table 4: Percent of Adults Who Were Current Smokers by Sex, Race, and Age, Selected Years, 1965-2009 Table 5: Age-Adjusted Prevalence (%) of Current Cigarette Smoking by Persons 25 and Older by Sex, Race and Education, Selected Years, 1974-2009 Table 6: Percent of Adults Who Smoke by the Number of Cigarettes Smoked Daily and the Percent Who Smoked >24 Cigarettes Daily by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, Age and Education, Selected Years, 1974-2009 Table 7: Percent of Young Adults (Ages 18-24) Who Were Current, Former or Never Smokers by Sex, Race and Education, 1965-2009 Table 8: Current Cigarette Smoking Prevalence (%) Among Adults by State, Selected Years, 1984-2009 Table 9: Percent of Adults Who Use Other Tobacco Products by Age and Sex, 2002-2009 Table 10: Percent of All Middle and High School Students Who Were Current Users of Tobacco Products by Sex and Race/Ethnicity...
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...Health promotion is of great importance to nursing because it has long been acknowledged in nursing literature as fundamental to health care. A dramatic increase in chronic lifestyle diseases has prompted an emphasis on health promotion (Egger et al, 1990). Health promotion can be defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and to improve their health WHO (1986) cited in (Bright, 1997). However, health promotion is commonly confused with health education and yet health education, is an instrument in health promotion together with health protection and illness prevention. Without knowledge people cannot make healthy choices about their lifestyles therefore health education is very much a part of health promotion (Tannahill, 1985) cited in (Bright, 1997). This assignment is going to be based on a health initiative towards a group of young adult smokers within age range of seventeen and twenty five years. The author has chosen smoking because more young people continue to take up cigarette smoking and yet smoking has been identified as the biggest single cause of preventable ill health and premature deaths in the United Kingdom (DOH, 1999). The paper is going to support the choice of the topic with statistics and what the government is saying. The needs of the young adult smokers are going to be identified and these needs are going to be addressed through interactive lecture approach. It is essential to consider a health promotion model as...
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