...Chronic periodontitis (CP) is initiated by the sub-gingival biofilm but the progression of destructive disease appears to be dependent upon an abnormal host response to those organisms. The presence of microorganisms is a crucial factor in inflammatory periodontal disease, but the progression of the disease is related to host-based risk factors. Oxidative stress and antioxidants play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease, including periodontitis. Cigarette smoking is well known be a measure known problem various cell disorder including periodontal inflammation. Smoking has been identify as a most modifiable risk factor for peridontitis, followed by dental biofilm1,2 .Abundant cross-sectional data support the adverse relationship between smoking and periodontal diseases....
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...Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2013; Vol. 3: Issue 1, Pg 26-29 [AJPTech.] ISSN- 2231–5705 (Print) www.asianpharmaonline.org ISSN- 2231–5713 (Online) 0974-3618 RESEARCH ARTICLE Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Quisqualis indica (Aerial Parts) on Passive Smoking Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats Jyoti Sahu*1,2, Pushpendra Kumar Patel1,2 and Balkrishna Dubey1 T.I.T. College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India- 462021 SBRL Indrapuri, Bhopal (M.P.) *Corresponding Author E-mail: jyotisahupharma@gmail.com 2 1 ABSTRACT: In the present study the hypolipidemic activity of methanolic extracts of aerial parts of Quisqualis indica (QI) including flowers on passive smoking (PS) induced hyperlipidemia in rats had been evaluated. Hyperlipidemia was induced by passive smoking in a closed chamber having 1 burning ciggrette inside it. The hypolipidemic activity was analysed by reading the blood serum level in UV at 505 nm after treated with reagent present in auto span diagnostic kit. Dose of Methanolic extracts of QI had been prepared by using distilled water i.e. 200 mg/kg p.o. Methanolic extracts of QI significantly reduce the harmful lipid layer in blood serum at varying concentration and dose dependent manner which shows that the plant carries the hypolipidemic properties. It reduces the LDL, VLDL, cholesterol, triglyceride and raise HDL level in blood serum upto certain extent which was may be due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation as the plants...
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...activities. Smoking is a habit that favored some people in this modern age.Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Casual smoking is the act of smoking only occasionally, usually in a social situation or to relieve stress. A smoking habit is a physical addiction to tobacco products. Many health experts now regard habitual smoking as a psychological addiction, too, and one with serious health consequences. Firstly, there is no safe level of tobacco use. Nicotine, the active ingredient in tobacco, is inhaled into the lungs, where most of it stays. The rest passes into the bloodstream, reaching the brain in about 10 seconds and dispersing throughout the body in about 20 seconds. Depending on the circumstances and the amount consumed, nicotine can act as either a stimulant or tranquilizer. This can explain why some people report that smoking gives them energy and stimulates their mental activity, while others note that smoking relieves anxiety and relaxes them. Beside that, Some of the long-term effects of smoking. Smoking is often associated with diseases such as coronary heart disease, lung cancer, emphysema and chronic brokintis and otherwise the effects of smoking. Effects of smoking-induced diseases, human beings can not live any longer. Since people will be exposed to a variety of diseases with their hobby on cigarettes. Lastly, Smoking is mind debilitating. the effects of smoking on the sense of which is disturbing...
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...and heart disease; secondly health affects exposure of secondhand smoke, thirdly it affects the health of the youth smoking tobacco, and fourthly the cost of treatment associated with cigarette smoking (healthcare). Cigarette smoking increases the risk of dying from cancer of the lungs, esophagus, larynx and oral cavity (as we studied in biology). The harmful effect of cigarettes is the chemical makeup of cigarette. According to Quitsmokingsupport.com Cigarettes contain over 4,000 chemicals , some of those chemicals are the heavy metals, humectants, casting agents ,pesticide, insecticides and nicotine which is an addictive substance added into a cigarette; that is why it is very hard for smokers to stop smoking right away . A friend’s mother who smoked up to 3 packs of cigarette per day for more than 25 years. She looked healthy and often cited that cigarette kills those who were already predisposed to suffer from those diseases. Years later she died, suffered from ventricular arrhythmia which means heart did not beat properly as a result it pumped little or no blood to the body organs; usually caused by nicotine in cigarette. According to Medical News Today (MNT), cigarette smoking harms the body by raising cholesterol level and blood pressure, as well as increasing the risk of cancer and cataracts and destroys certain vitamins and creates the need for other specific nutrients. In addition research also shows that smokers have an increased risk of heart disease (including...
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...Tobacco Clinical Trials Name Instructor Institution Laboratory testing In the laboratory, chemical tests are conducted to assess the extent to which the level of toxicants from the new tobacco modified product will reduce as compared to the ordinary produced tobacco cigarettes, biological tests are also conducted to plot the early indication of whether the newly modified tobacco products provide assurance that the risk of harm will not be increased at an expense of other factors(Rees, et al., 2009). In practice, some of the laboratory testing methods and techniques has already been developed. Only the necessary amendments are required determine the effects of creating a new product from tobacco that's modified to provide salbutamol sulfate, also known as albuterol.Laboratory testing of the modified tobacco product may involve three methods; I. Use of models such as mouse II. Using prototypes such as machines III. Use of real humans(The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, 2009) Mouse models may be useful in pharmacology and molecular biology to elucidate the behavioral and molecular basis of effective and cognitive signs of nicotine withdrawal. Mouse can mimic individual biologically induced behavioral deficits that are hypothetically associated(Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee, 2012). This is because they have some genes similar to those in humans and therefore may be of great importance in this set up. However, mice are not always reliable...
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...Tobacco Clinical Trials Name Instructor Institution Laboratory testing In the laboratory, chemical tests are conducted to assess the extent to which the level of toxicants from the new tobacco modified product will reduce as compared to the ordinary produced tobacco cigarettes, biological tests are also conducted to plot the early indication of whether the newly modified tobacco products provide assurance that the risk of harm will not be increased at an expense of other factors(Rees, et al., 2009). In practice, some of the laboratory testing methods and techniques has already been developed. Only the necessary amendments are required determine the effects of creating a new product from tobacco that's modified to provide salbutamol sulfate, also known as albuterol.Laboratory testing of the modified tobacco product may involve three methods; I. Use of models such as mouse II. Using prototypes such as machines III. Use of real humans(The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, 2009) Mouse models may be useful in pharmacology and molecular biology to elucidate the behavioral and molecular basis of effective and cognitive signs of nicotine withdrawal. Mouse can mimic individual biologically induced behavioral deficits that are hypothetically associated(Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee, 2012). This is because they have some genes similar to those in humans and therefore may be of great importance in this set up. However, mice are not always reliable...
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...caused by smoking? According to a study made by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2011, more deaths are caused each year by tobacco use rather than by HIV, Illegal drug use, alcohol use, suicides, and murders. On a report based on the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco consumption kills 10 Americans every hour, that’s 240 per day and nearly 87,600 each year, due to cancer, stroke, lungs and heart diseases brought on by cigarette smoking. I had never been interested in researching the effects of smoking until I went through a very personal experience. I myself was a smoker and didn’t realize the damage I was doing to my body. Once you are more informed about the damage smoking causes, if you have a loved one that smokes, you can inform them so that they can reflect and make better decisions. With these given statistics, why would anyone choose to expose themselves to the possible side effects? I have been with my father in the hospital for the past two weeks. He started smoking when he was six years old and quit 10 years ago. Although he stopped smoking, it was too late since the damage had already been done. He started using inhalers and a lot more medications for different things, such as high blood pressure and poor circulation. In the last few months he started using oxygen, and two weeks ago one if his lungs collapsed. Today I will be discussing the potential health problems and diseases cigarettes cause, what toxic substances cigarettes are composed...
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...Philippine Tobacco Taxes Summary It is globally known that the Philippines is one of the most significant largest consumers of tobacco in the Western Pacific Region of the world. The high demand of tobacco use has constantly increased for many years and significant numbers of Filipino youth are smokers. In effect to the high levels of tobacco use, the Philippines had considerably facing adverse health issues and economic consequences from tobacco. With the current low tobacco product taxes and prices in the Philippines, significant increases in tobacco taxes will recline tobacco use and its harmful effects on health and economic consequences while directly generating new revenues. Tobacco Use and Its Consequences According to recent statistics, 30% of most adult Filipinos use some form of tobacco product, with 27.9% smoking manufactured cigarettes and 22.5% recorded daily smoking. Predominantly men smokes and about one in ten women are also tobacco users. The current population estimates, roughly 19 million adults consume tobacco in the Philippines. The socio-economic gradients in smoking prevalence are strong in the Philippines, coming from the lower socioeconomic sector two or more times as likely to smoke as those in higher socioeconomic sector. Tobacco use among the youth sector is a significant problem in the Philippines with 22.7% of 13 to 15 year olds in 2007 reporting using some tobacco product, and 17.5% reporting cigarette smoking. Tobacco use among girls has...
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...non-melanoma skin cancer. Non-melanoma skin cancer is mainly caused by the radiation that comes from the sun (Hussain, Hofseth & Harris, 2003). But, scientists have noted that ionizing radiations are not a very strong mutagen. This means that the chances of ionizing radiation to cause cancer-causing mutations are low. Radiation is toxic when it is combined with other mutagens. It is important to note that radiation can cause skin cancers in other animals showing to it and not human being only (Stewart & Wild, 2015). In addition, the chance of developing a cancer-causing change due to radiation varies between individuals. For example, children have higher chances of developing cancer-causing change compared to adults. This explains why radiation-induced leukemia is more frequent in children. The use of radiations in medical settings has been linked to the development of some cancers. The sources of non-ionizing radiations include electric power spread devices and mobile...
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...Asthma Bronchial asthma; Exercise-induced asthma Last reviewed: July 14, 2010. PubMed Health U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health National Center for Biotechnology Information U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airways, which causes attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. See also: Pediatric asthma Causes, incidence, and risk factors Asthma is caused by inflammation in the airways. When an asthma attack occurs, the muscles surrounding the airways become tight and the lining of the air passages swells. This reduces the amount of air that can pass by. In sensitive people, asthma symptoms can be triggered by breathing in allergy-causing substances (called allergens or triggers). Common asthma triggers include: * Animals (pet hair or dander) * Dust * Changes in weather (most often cold weather) * Chemicals in the air or in food * Exercise * Mold * Pollen * Respiratory infections, such as the common cold * Strong emotions (stress) * Tobacco smoke Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provoke asthma in some patients. Many people with asthma have a personal or family history of allergies, such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis) or eczema. Others have no history of allergies. Symptoms Most people with asthma have attacks...
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...parents and can not choose to walk away from it like an adult can. Just consider how many adults smoke in a car when they have a child as a passenger. The media is full of commercials on cancer and smoking letting all know about that health risk. But besides lung cancer, there are other problems associated with the second hand smoke, especially in young children. Smoke in the Air First of all what is passive or second hand smoke? Second hand smoke is consider smoke exhaled by a smoker and the smoke from the burning tobacco product. Second how are people exposed to second hand smoke? Anytime we are in the company of a smoker we are breathing smoke. The more extreme exposure would be the that of the children of smokers endure. The smoke directly coming from the burning tobacco product is more harmful the exhaled smoke. A lesser hazard for exposure...
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...Asthma Describe the Disease: Asthma is a chronic disease of the lungs that affects the airways and causes them to become very swollen and sensitive to the air that you breathe. With this disease you can get what is called an asthma attack, this is where your airways become narrower, making it difficult to breathe. You may notice that someone is having an asthma attack if the person begins wheezing, getting a tight chest/ chest pains, breathing problems, and coughing. There are different types of asthma depending on your age and what causes you asthma to get worse. There is Child-Onset Asthma, Adult-Onset Asthma, Exercise-Induced Asthma, Cough-Induced Asthma, Occupational Asthma, Nocturnal Asthma, and Steroid-Resistant Asthma. Asthma is different for all patients so what they react to is different, for the most part, patients tend to have symptoms from common allergens in the environment, exposure to particles or chemicals in everyday things, during/ after exercise. Asthma can prevent you from doing physical activity, and/ or going outside and being able to breathe normally during the months with dust and mold. This disease is still not curable but there are ways to control it. Doctors Treatment: You should see your doctor regularly and make an asthma plan to help control your asthma, because most asthma is physically active induced, it may be difficult to get you on a plan that will help keep you healthy. This is called an asthma action plan which will help you...
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...their parents and can not choose to walk away from it like an adult can. Just consider how many adults smoke in the car when they have a child as a passenger. The media is full of commercials on cancer and smoking letting all know about that health risk. But besides lung cancer, there are other problems associated with the second hand smoke, especially in young children. Smoke in the Air First of all what is passive or second hand smoke? Second hand smoke is consider smoke exhaled by a smoker and the smoke from the burning tobacco product. Second how are people exposed to second hand smoke? Anytime we are in the company of a smoker we are breathing smoke. The more extreme exposure would be what the children of smokers endure. The smoke directly coming from the burning tobacco product is more...
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...Using Caenorhabditis elagans to Investigate Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s disease Abstract Oxidative stress is thought to play a part in the advancement and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the fact that it is at present considered a trademark of such procedures, the intertwining of a multitude of signaling cascades deters the complete comprehension of the direct role played by oxidative stress in neurodegeneration. Notwithstanding its broad use as a model used for aging, a few scientists have turned to Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to further explore molecular mediators that either intensify or guard against receptive oxygen species (ROS) - interceded neurodegeneration. Because of their completely mapped genome,...
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...Bronchial Asthma is an inflammatory disease that deals with your airways and your lungs.Asthma doesn't yet have a cure, but there are specific medications you can take that are their to control your asthma symptoms.Asthma is associated with your respiratory system and it can cause trouble breathing with symptoms of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and tightness in your chest.This disease has been more prevalent in recent years, with an increased rate of children with asthma. When it comes to bronchial asthma there are many different factors that can trigger an asthma attack,but with different people the triggers for each person may vary.Some of the factors that trigger asthma attacks include many different type of allergens like pollen,pets, mold, dust mites, tobacco smoke. Other things include exercise, inhaling cold or dry air, and Gastroesophageal reflux disease is also known as acid reflux which is a digestive...
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