...hauling cattle and crops, they didn’t know that they carrying an unknown passenger, smallpox. It’s a disease that was very easily contagious, that caused high fever, fatigue, headaches, and backaches. Also smallpox killed somewhat one third of Europe’s population. And the Europeans were sailing to the new land to transfer the goods. In a few days, less than fifty percent of the Americas were infected. The explorers left and brought something with them, obliviously some new cattle and crops, they also brought syphilis. It was more like a STD and can be caught by touching an infected person or sexually. The disease kick in Europe in 1493. Many Europeans, like the Italians called the French disease, the French called it the Disease of Naples, Poland called it the German Disease, and Russia called it the Polish disease. Mainly everyone didn’t know who brought the disease to Europe....
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...Smokeless Tobacco Use in Bangladesh Dr. Papia Sultana1, Munjila Begum2, Shamima Akter3, Md. Mizanur Rahman4 1. Associate Professor, Department of Statistics, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh 2. MSc Thesis Student, Department of Statistics, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh 3. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, International Clinical Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan 4. Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh and Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan. Abstract Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT), commonly used in many countries, is associated with various health effects and should given ‘most urgent and immediate priority’ intervention to reduce the effects. Data and Methods: Data was obtained from GATS survey; information from 2009 individuals aged 15 years and above living in Bangladesh using smokeless tobacco products was analysed for this paper. Descriptive analysis and comparison of characteristics to gender was done. Logistic regression was used for advance analysis. Results: Respondents from rural area (56.45%) use more smokeless tobacco products than from urban area (43.55%); average age was 47 yrs with standard deviation (SD) 15.50. Female (69.89%) were more likely to use smokeless tobacco than male (30.11%). Prevalence of using smokeless tobacco was high among the less educated and illiterate...
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...He was able to annex Austria in 1938 without a single battle. But when he had his forces enter Poland in August 1939, at this moment is when Britain and France officially declared war to Germany. Poland was overrun in less than one month, Denmark and Norway in two months, Holland, Belgium, Luxemburg and France in six weeks. After the fall of France in June 1940 only Great Britain stood firm. The crucial decision of his career, the invasion of Soviet Russia on June 22, 1941, despite both of them had a deal of not invading each other’s territories Hitler didn’t care. The United States by the end of 1941 had entered the struggle against the Axis powers. United States enters the war because Japan bombs Pearl Harbor which they had their supplies and military forces. Hitler proclaimed in October 1941 that the Soviet Union had been "struck down and would never rise again." In reality he had overlooked the Russian winter to which his own troops were now forced to abandon. On April 29, 1945, he married Eva Braun and dictated his final political testament, the following day Hitler committed suicide, shooting himself through the mouth with a pistol. Economy * Hitler was able to take Germany who was on a crisis to a world power in 6 years * Hitler established a new economic system where he could increase 50% the GDP * In two years Germany went through 6 million (43%) unemployed to less than 800.000 (12%) Transport * Hitler start with the idea of a new family...
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... B ritish American Tobacco is a British multinational tobacco company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the world’s second-largest quoted tobacco company by market share (after Philip Morris International), and has a leading position in over 50 countries and operations in more than 180 countries. Its brands include Dunhill, Kent, Lucky Strike and Pall Mall. BAT has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. As of 26 December 2011 it had a market capitalization of £59.2 billion, the sixth-largest of any company listed on the London Stock Exchange. It has a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. They are leading more than 50 countries and have their presence in more than 180 countries with approximately 50,000 employees. BAT is committed to providing consumers with pleasure through excellent products, and to demonstrating that they are meeting their commercial goals in ways that are consistent with reasonable societal expectations of a responsible tobacco group in the 21st century. BAT is designed to deliver their vision and build shareholder value. It is based on growth, funded by productivity and delivered by a winning organization that acts responsibly at all times. History Born international O n 29 September 1902 the UK’s Imperial Tobacco Company and the American Tobacco Company of the United States form a joint venture, the British American Tobacco Company, in a bid to end an...
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...PRODUCT AND IS NOT TO BE PHOTOCOPIED OR DISTRIBUTED. Philip Morris International Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Company Overview..............................................................................................3 Key Facts...............................................................................................................3 SWOT Analysis.....................................................................................................4 Philip Morris International Inc. © MarketLine Page 2 Philip Morris International Inc. Company Overview COMPANY OVERVIEW Philip Morris International Inc. (PMI or 'the company') is one of the world's leading tobacco companies. It is engaged in the manufacturing and sale of cigarettes and other tobacco products. The company markets its products in more than 180 countries. It is headquartered in New York City, New York and employed about 91,100 people as of December 31, 2013. The company recorded revenues of $80,029 million in the financial year ended December 2013 (FY2013), an increase of 3.4% over FY2012. The operating profit of the company was $13,515 million in FY2013, a decrease of 2.5% compared to FY2012. The net profit was $8,576 million in FY2013, a decrease of 2.5% compared to FY2012. KEY FACTS Head Office Philip Morris International Inc. 120 Park Avenue New York New York 10017 USA Phone 1 917 663 2000 Fax Web Address http://www.pmi.com Revenue / turnover...
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... miracle or menace? Networks, Organizations and Society Introduction The electronic cigarette or ‘e-‐cigarette’ is a rechargeable battery-‐powered device designed to resemble a conventional tobacco cigarette. The e-‐cigarette does not contain tar and the nicotine cartridges seem to be a much safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, which contain a much higher number of notoriously harmful chemicals. Nonetheless, nicotine is addictive and is classified as a poison (Cancer Research UK, 2013). The issue has attracted heated debate, but the question remains: “Should e-‐ cigarettes be classed as general consumer products, tobacco products, medicines or drug-‐delivery devices?” 2 In attempting to answer the above question, this paper discusses the evolution of e-‐ cigarettes through the lenses of technological determinism ...
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...15 Global burden of stroke “I waked and sat up…when I felt a confusion and indistinctness in my head which lasted, I suppose about half a minute. Soon after I perceived that I had suffered a paralytick stroke, and that my Speech was taken from me.” Samuel Johnson, England, 1783 Healthy years of life lost to stroke ICELAND FINLAND SWEDEN NORWAY ESTONIA UNITED KINGDOM DENMARK IRELAND NETH. BELGIUM LUX. FRA NCE GERMANY POLAND CZECH UKRAINE REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA BELARUS LATVIA LITHUANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION DALYs lost per 1000 population, age-standardized 2002 Disability-adjusted life years combine years of potential life lost due to premature death with years of productive life lost due to disability 20 and above 15–19 REP. MOLDOVA 5–9 below 5 no data Stroke is the brain equivalent of a heart attack. Blood must flow to C A N A D A and through the brain for it to function. If its flow is obstructed, The increased risk of stroke from taking oral the by a blood clot moving to the contraceptive pills is substantially reduced by e is trok single S brain, or by narrowing or bursting using the modern, low-dose pill. est r bigg of majo of blood vessels, the brain loses its U S A e he caus lity in t . energy supply, causing damage to i m disab Kingdo tissues leading to stroke. ed Unit Annually, 15 million people BAHAMAS CUBA MEXICO worldwide suffer a stroke. Of DOMINICAN REP. ANTIGUA & JAMAICA HAITI these, 5 million die and another BARBUDA BELIZE MAURITANIA ST KITTS & NEVIS...
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...Once an individual turns eighteen they can purchase a gun, tobacco, lottery tickets, they can vote, get tattoos, sue, get married and lease a house all without consent, as well as enlist in the military. Why then can they not drink alcohol? Is it not in the government’s issue of individual rights to feed one’s body what it wishes? Why is it that the government can withhold substances for consumption when it is in basic rights to feed one’s body how they wish? If one was to relate these questions to another controversial topic it could easily be compared to drugs such as cocaine, heroin, shrooms, acid, molly, opium, crack, PCP, meth, MDMA, and ecstasy. Even though these drugs are not permitted for use in the United States they are still used widely underground. The underage and illegal markets in the United States are present and vastly successful. Even prohibition and the legalization of marijuana go to show that just because the government doesn’t allow a product doesn’t mean it will not be used. However, with government support and knowledge many incidents and deaths can be avoided yearly with compromises. Even today...
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...Rachel Blankenship Professor Bohn English 1020, section 005 3 December 2012 Outline I. Introduction i. Adams, Mike. “Exclusive Interview with Billy Best.” ii. Personal Narrative II. Body A. Background Information iii. “Carcinogen.” Wikipedia. iv. “Cancer.” Wikipedia. B. Opposing Perspectives v. Schorr, Andrew. "Interview with Amie Blanco: Hereditary Colon Cancer." vi. Joe Chemo. Image. vii. Phillips, Gavin.“Interview with Dr. Burzynski.” C. Thesis + Support viii. Holistic vs. Medical treatment: medical treatment seems to be a better shot at surviving. ix. Kelly. “Adenoma/Glioblastoma multiforme/Anaplastic astrocytoma/Glioma Cured.” x. Cousins, Emily. “Life after Treatment Can Be Almost As Hard as the Chemo.” xi. Messoria, Josie. Personal interview. 15 November 2012. III. Conclusion xii. Personal. Abstract In this essay the author discusses cancer, what causes cancer, holistic vs. medical treatments. The first part of the essay the author presents a piece of an interview conducted with a young cancer patient who was going against the grain and refusing treatment. The essay then goes into a personal narrative on how the author feels about cancer then from there goes into a great descriptive paragraph about cancer and carcinogens. Her thesis is clearly surrounding the argument whether or not holistic or medical treatments...
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...Alcohol regulations. Europe, USA, Russia Introduction. Within my work I am going to review part of the countries’ legislation related to the existing alcohol regulations and existing polices, conventions and its development plans. Analysis will be based on the samples of different countries: Russia, EU (different countries) and United States. There are different areas of the existing alcohol regulations: risky environments, tax and prices, market restrictions and marketing control. All of them are more or less affecting business activities in different aspects. Applicability of this report: There are a lot of different types of businesses strongly dependent on alcohol sales or alcohol production worldwide. Moreover there are a lot of international corporations which has core business linked to operations with alcohol. To be able to operate their business on the different markets they have to consider different alcohol regulation in different countries in their business models before making market enter decision and follow existing rules and respective policies updates in daily operations. The examples of this business could be: 1. Producers or importers of alcohol beverages or cosmetic. Examples of corporations - Heineken, Diageo. Strong dependency of core business on alcohol regulation 2. Distributors of alcohol beverages or cosmetic within the country. Strong dependency of core business on alcohol regulation 3. Café, bars and restaurants...
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...LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF INGVAR KAMPRAD ! !1/!11 Leadership Analysis of Ingvar Kamprad IKEA, founded in 1943 in Sweden. The IKEA Group has become the largest furniture household businesses in the world. It products including seat / sofa series, office supplies, bedroom series , kitchen series, about 10,000 products. IKEA has 31 stores in 38 countries, 16 stores in China. China has become one of the most important space of IKEA 's largest procurement market and business growth, playing a decisive role in IKEA 's global strategy. The CEO of IKEA, Ingvar Kamprad, one of the richest men in the world. He was born in Mar. 30, 1926 , a town in the south of Sweden. His father is a farmer. He had the rich life in his childhood. But he was interesting in riding a bicycle, selling the products to the neighbors.From this he can feel the happy of earning money. He was not only good at finding others needs but also good at promoting his products. In 1943, Kamprad established his own company, called IKEA. In my paper, I will comb how Ingvar Kamprad grew up in the business world and his leadership behaviors and traits. (Zuvela, 2013) Life Experience Childhood period Ingvar Kamprad was the first child in his family, when he was a little boy he had a strong talent in doing business. Such as his aunt helped him to buy 100 boxes match cost €88, then he sold them out by €2-€3 even if €5. So his profit margin is €1-€2. He was very excited about that. He also sold the fishes and...
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...products and animal health products. Products are sold in five different regions: Slovenia, Central Europe, South-East Europe, East Europe, West Europe and Overseas Markets. I have done analysis of lately published report and company long term strategy from annual report. I suggest for company has to invest into countries ensuring demand in the future and developing. As well it is important to evaluate possibility to expand further in terms of country development in size and going to other regions. X is mostly acting in Europe and I think that company has to search for investment opportunities inside Europe. Turkey is as important as the BRIC countries in terms of its vast potentials and I have selected Turkey as country to invest. X can use Turkey in three selected directions: 1. Market with huge potential at the moment and bigger in the future; 2. Production capacities; 3. A bridge for further development to other East countries. Bellow I will list reason to go for and few risks company has to take into account. Macroeconomics reasons: GDP growth. Turkey will have one of biggest GDP growth in short term and long term compared to Emerging Europe and CEE. Economy size. Currently Turkey is biggest in CEE in population, which leads to No. 16 by GDP (PPP) in US Dollars. Turkey intends to become one of the top 10 economies of the world by 2023 Rank Country GDP (PPP) $Billion 1 United States 15,653 2 China 12,383 3 India 4,711 4 Japan 4,617 5 Germany 3...
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...Assignment On: “Corporate Social Responsibility: A Comparative Study on FMCG Sector.” SUBMITTED TO: Sabrina Hoque Chowdhury Lecturer, UIU School of Business & Economics SUBMITTED BY: Group : A Section : NQ School of Business & Economics, UIU DATE OF SUBMISSION: 31-03-2013 United International University Group Details: NAME | ID | PERCENTAGE | Jobayda Akter | | 20% | Tumpa Datta | | 20% | Farhad Hossain | | 20% | Md. Mesbahul Islam | | 20% | Md. Naymur Rahman | | 20% | Table of Contents: No. | Name of Topic | Page No. | 1. | Introduction | 4 - 5 | 2. | CSR impact on Economy of Bangladesh | 5 - 6 | 3. | Sector overview | 7 - 7 | 4. | Company overview | 8 - 18 | 5. | Comparison | 19 - 19 | 6. | Recommendations | 19 - 20 | 7. | Conclusions | 20 - 20 | Introduction: History: CSR is about how companies manage the business processes to produce an overall positive impact on society. The phrase Corporate Social Responsibility was coined in 1953 with the publication of Bowen's 'Social Responsibility of Businessmen', which posed the question 'what responsibilities to society can business people be reasonably expected to assume?. Writing on the subject in the 1960s expanded the definition, suggesting that beyond legal obligations companies had certain responsibilities to society20. In 1984, the celebrated management consultant Peter Drucker wrote about the imperative to turn social problems into economic opportunities21...
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...Investing in a Rebound The 2010 A .T. Kearney FDI Confidence Index® The Global Business Policy Council is a strategic service that assists chief executives in monitoring and capitalizing on macroeconomic, geopolitical, socio-demographic and technological change worldwide. Council membership is limited to a select group of corporate leaders and their companies. The Council’s core program includes periodic meetings in strategically important parts of the world, tailored analytical products, regular member briefings, regional events and other services. Global Business Policy Council A.T. Kearney, Inc. 8100 Boone Boulevard Suite 400 Vienna, Virginia 22182 U.S.A. 1 703 891 5500 telephone www.atkearney.com I n the two years since A.T. Kearney released its last Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index, the global economy has faced unprecedented turmoil—a housing market collapse, a banking system teetering on the edge, rising unemployment and falling sales across almost all industries. In the 2010 FDI Confidence Index®, we examine the future prospects for international investment flows in the context of these tumultuous times. While conditions have improved, senior executives at the world’s largest companies remain wary of investing during the current climate, and few expect a full turnaround before 2011. Amid the economic downturn of the past two years, several emerging markets remain attractive to foreign investors. China, India and Brazil are in...
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...NOTE #6: EUROPE (Patrick Ellwood, Fall, 2011) Page 1 NOTE #6 relates to Chapter 2 of the text. In Chapter 2 pay particular attention to the following pages: Map, p.44; Main Points, p.43; FIGURES 2.10 and 2.11, p.53; FIGURE 2.12, p.55; Wine, p.56 and 57; Europe’s Golden Triangle, p.62 and 63; The Southern Crescent, p.65; FIGURE 2.29, p.71; A “European” Identity?, p.72; FIGURE 2.34, p.75; FIGURE 2.35, p.76; FIGURE 2.36, p.77; Future Geographies, p.77; FIGURE 2.37, p.78; Main Points Revisited, p.78. Movie: "Blue Danube" 1. Physical Geography The boundaries of Europe have been determined more by politics and culture than any physical barriers like mountains and rivers. Today, the eastern boundary is the western frontier of Russia following the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991. So countries like Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova are considered part of Europe. These countries had been forcibly incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940, but had previously been independent from Tsarist Russia since 1919. Moving westwards from Russia are some plainlands, but Europe mainly consists of a peninsula of Eurasia fragmented into smaller peninsulas (Scandinavian, Iberian, Balkan, and Italian) and large islands (Britain, Ireland, Sicily, Iceland and Sardinia). ( 1, pp.59-65 ) Europe has benefited from its location and major physical features. It has direct land and sea routes to Asia (through Southwest Asia, Middle East, and Africa (post 1488 around the...
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