...Running Head: TOURISM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Ethical implications of tourism in developing countries Emily McIntyre 3378148 September 26, 2006 TREN 3P12 Sonya Graci Introduction: Tourism is instituted in ad hoc fashion, with little regard to appropriate socio-ecological planning. This paper outlines the ethical implications of tourism in terms of the social and political, environmental and economical issues in developing countries. All resolutions for these implications, follow the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism (GCET) which is a set of principles whose purpose is to guide stakeholders in tourism development: central and local governments, local communities, the tourism industry and its professionals, as well as visitors both international and local (UNWTO, n.d.). Background on the industry: In general, tourism occurs in developing countries, because businesses have adopted a development-oriented perspective. The emphasis is on development (use) in order to reach optimal economic gain by extractive use of resources rather than protection and preservation (Fennell, 2002). There has been a trend in humans, to take on the role of being bad rules, by trying to exploit and dominate for short-term personal gain at any expense (Peterson, 1996). It is a harsh reality that there are a significant lack of resources for effective management of visitors and the environment (Fennell, 2002). Therefore, resource management is a critical issue that...
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...Ireland is one of the most popular countries in Europe for toursim. It is famous for its hospitality, tranquility, mountains and the evergreen valleys. Last year it got 8 million visitors which is more than the population of ireland. Tourism also brought a net worth of €6 billion.(Failte Ireland 2016) Due to its geographical location, Ireland has maintained a huge number of its historical sites such as chamber tombs, standing stones and the Newgrange itself, which lets tourists plunge themselves into the Neolithic period. The historical heritage of Ireland is so well preserved that it allows tourists to plan the most diverse holidays. This all means that heritage as a tourism product is very important to Ireland. The word ‘Heritage’...
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...New Trends Over the past few months there have been a lot of articles on the relationship between technology and the tourism industry. There’s plenty happening, and so many things to be excited about and hopeful for. To summarize, here are five (5) ways that technology is set to transform the tourism industry. • Messaging According to data courtesy of a Skift report, it shows that across the social media sphere messaging has been the fastest-growing behaviour since 2010. Platforms such as WhatsApp, WeChat and Facebook Messenger each have more monthly users around the world than Instagram, Snapchat and Pinterest combined. And it’s a trend that looks set to continue as we move forward. The user base of instant messaging platforms is growing at an incredibly fast rate. This, alongside an active base of users, is to be expected, as many people replace older methods of communication with the latest offering from WhatsApp and the like. Instant messaging provides that which technology should provide a substantial upgrade on the normal way of doing things. Texting, faxing and writing letters are becoming increasingly obsolete, as group messages and direct...
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...There are many factors such as attitude, perceptions to influence people’s mind while making a decision to go on a holiday. Tourists’ decision-making relates to their behaviours. In this way, in order to share as much market as possible, it is worth to analyzing people’s behaviours. This assay will be evaluated in three sectors namely; psychological, personal, and social. (Marketing-consumer behaviour) First of all, within psychological field, motivation is being considered the most important one. There are dissimilar factors behind complex motivation. To be simplified, it is much understandable to analyze motives by Maslow’s(1970) Hierarchy which in order are physiological, security, social, esteem and the last, self actualisation needs. As soon as people achieve amount of level, they move on to the next stage gradually. For instance, in first stage human have physical needs such as hunger or thirsty; when they achieve the fulfilment, they move on seeking for higher order needs like security. (Cooper, Fletcher, Fyall, Gilbert & Wanhill, 2008) Attitude is another vital key of tourist decision making. Attitude is composed by cognitive, affective and conative. Cognitive, in other word, is called the belief or knowledge which based on previous experiences, individuals’ own opinion to the place or getting the information from other people; the affective describes the feelings and emotions about the destination and assess the experience basing on emotions; the...
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...In Uganda, the fight against HIV/AIDS has been the struggle for them for quite a while and one which is decreasing the population in this country. Despite this current situation the country’s leaders try very hard to reduce the stigma associated with being HIV positive for Ugandans around the world. Tourism is not a vibrant industry in Uganda, despite its obvious beauty and it is widely assumed this is due to because the fear of coming into contact with anyone with this non-discriminatory disease. After conducting my research, despite the government’s attempts to distribute free condoms and a massive public information campaign the general this seems to have had very little impact on the behaviour patterns of the citizens. Thus, ending this plague hasn’t been successful over the years. The rates at which HIV/AIDs spreads in Uganda are increasing not only in cities, but villages too, the survey shows. Adult husbands and wives, not youths or commercial sex workers, are the ones spreading the disease, according to the survey. By their late 30s, roughly one in 10 women now become H.I.V. positive. For men, roughly one in 10 are infected by their early 40s. “An estimated 1.7 million people in Uganda are...
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...this essay is to discuss the characteristics of the tourism industry that can provide challenges for the implementation of sustainable tourism. This essay will include a description of the concept of sustainable tourism, the goal of sustainable tourism, characteristics of sustainable tourism ,the challenges of sustainable tourism and a conclusion. The entire world, including the tourism industry, is facing the economic problem of man’s unlimited needs appose to society’s limited resources( Du Toit et al.,2010) Therefore all industries has to become more sustainable, including the tourism industry. The concept of sustainable tourism can be defined as meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It includes the management of all resources in such a way that social, economic and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems( Ivanovic et al., 2009) According to Ivanovic et al (2009) the goal of sustainable tourism is to minimises the negative economic environmental and social impact of tourism, to enhance the well being of host communities, improve working conditions and to make positive contributions to the conservation of natural and cultural heritage sites. The tourism industry has some very specific characteristics which can cause challenges for the implementation of sustainable tourism. According...
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...destination in the world, it attracts many tourists from overseas every year. And their money of spending is definitely contributed to the tourism industry in the United Kingdom. In 2014, the total revenue from inbound tourists in UK is £125.2 billion and it is 9% of the UK’s GDP. In this essay, we will like to find out both positive and negative impact of tourism on the United Kingdom’s economy. To define the term clearly, Tourism means the temporary short-term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work, as well as their activities during their stay at these destinations. And tourists define as a person who travels to destinations outside his/her residence and working place, and stays for at least 24 hours, for the purpose of leisure or business. Developing tourism can increase the employment rate in the UK. Being one of the most popular tourist destination in the world, it attracts about 32 million overseas tourists every year. Tourism industry relies on a high demand of labour force and it depends on a large amount of people with different skills and abilities. For example, waiters in restaurant, tour guides and staff works hotel. And this creates many job opportunities in the UK, the tourism industry supports 3.1 million jobs in 2013, it is 11.9% of the UK’s total employment rate. In general, tourism industry in the United Kingdom has a large capacity to provide more jobs opportunities than other industry in the...
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...Tourism is big bucks! Developing countries are turning to tourism as a means of survival as well as development. Developing countries are shifting from an agrarian based economy towards a more lucrative tourism based economy. When a developing country shifts their economy to tourism based it can have its benefits as well as challenges that it must face in order succeed. There are some viable options that any developing countries can choose in order to minimize the disadvantage…. This essay will demonstrate the benefits and challenges ….. Developing countries are characterized by lower standard of living, less GNP/head, a poorer urban infrastructure and a higher percentage of people engaged in agriculture or manufacturing compared with more developed countries (citation Tourism, Leisure and recreation book). The people living in developed countries have a higher income to spend on recreational activities. Tourists from developed countries are attracted to developing countries such as Zimbabwe, Kenya, Majorca, Santa Lucia and the Caribbean Countries for various reasons such as: rich wildlife, world famous game reserves (NEED PICTURE), tropical climates (which are very attractive to tourists living in Europe as well as North America, especially in the winter months), glorious beaches, relatively low cost of living (compared to developed countries) and natural attractions (such as exotic animals, scuba diving sites such coral reefs, rain forests, etc…) (citation Tourism, Leisure...
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...Discuss the socio – cultural impacts of the tourism development using examples from the country of your own choice This essay will argue that Lithuania has many positive and negative social and cultural impacts on the tourism industry. In these days tourism became one of the most important in economic, social and cultural environment. People pay attention in these things because they are also very important to develop any business. Tourism is very significant for countries, because it may bring a lot of money if it will be developing properly. First of all, talking about Lithuania’s social positive impacts: people are travelling to different countries to find something new in other cultures, traditions, to see different environment and to meet different people and to know something new. This is like a positive impact in tourism industry, because they bring something new too. Lithuania is a small country, but it has socio – cultural positive things, such as, meaningful leisure, improving the public and also work in communities, because people all the time with each other and that make the country stronger and stronger. These things make positive impacts, because social tourism is about people and their activities. People, who comes to new country should adapt to that country’s customs, traditions, social environment but also should not lose their own. As it was mention before, Lithuania is a small Scandinavian country, where is about just 3,000,000 people. So there is not...
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...ICTs in the Tourism Industry and its influences on the tourist consumer behaviour The tourism industry often needs a various range of information to satisfy and attracts its consumers and most of this information is delivered promptly to the customers with the help of the information and communication technologies (Poon, 1993). And as result, the global tourism industry is rapidly changing and the information and communication technologies ( ICTs) such as the internet is altering the structure of tourism industry and how it market his products and conducts its promotion. In order to understand the role and impacts that ICTs has in the wider tourism industry and to find its influences on the tourist consumer behaviour, it is advised to first know what ICTs are and to comprehend the study on consumer behaviour based on the tourism industry. Information and communication technologies are defined as the collective term given to the most recent development in the mode (electronic) and the mechanisms (computers and communications technologies) used for the acquisitions, processing analysis, storage, retrieval, dissemination, and application of information (Poon 1993 cited in Buhalis 2003, p 7). It can also be defined as “the use of digital tools for business functions and processes” (Cooper et al 2005, p.704). When tailing about ICTs, it consist of hardware (self service terminals), software (front office applications), and telecommunications (broadcast of images, teleconferencing...
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...Tourism Essay Tourism is undoubtedly the single largest industry in the world and contributes vast amounts of revenue into any given country. In New Zealand alone, tourism accounted for 10.2% of Gross Domestic Product in 1996 or in dollar terms $11.78 billion (Collier, 1999). In 1999, half a billion people traveled worldwide which indicates the huge scale of the tourism industry. And the speed of tourism growth is also outstanding - airplane numbers have increased thirty times since 1960 and in the last fifteen years the number has doubled. And the amount of international tourists is also increasing rapidly. In 1939 there were only one million tourists worldwide whereas in 1999 there were more than one million international tourists from New Zealand alone (Otago University Resource, 2001). After understanding how large the tourism industry is and the speed it is growing at, it is necessary to then learn about the associated impacts from tourism. The impacts are divided into three categories: economic, socio-cultural and environmental and each impact can create either a positive or negative outcome. Obviously the most important impacts that need to be dealt with are the negative ones. Throughout this essay each different impact will be explained and an example provided. It will also indicate how important it is for a tourism manager to be aware of these impacts and how they could possibly minimise or eliminate any of these adverse effects. Custom Essay on Tourism ! Socio-cultural...
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...archaeological sites such as the temples of Angkor have contributed to the rise in mass tourism currently present in many south East Asian countries today. In recent years Cambodia has showcased itself to be a country that is highly rich in culture due to its people, its history and most importantly, its treasured archaeological monuments and sites, such as the Angkor Wat, a cultural site linked to the civil war of Khmer Rouge in the 1970’s. Sites like the Angkor Wat have increasingly become popular and well promoted tourist destinations for both domestic and international tourists in Cambodia. Visiting tourism sites associated with war and death has become an increasing phenomenon within the tourism world. Many debates in tourism research and literature have resulted. New literature seems to debate various touristic themes associated with sites like than Angkor Wat. This essay will draw on three of the major themes that have caused been presented within this tourism literature. Firstly, this essay will aim to analyse the Khmer Rouge’s civil war on tourism to Cambodia, and the views and perceptions of visiting sites associated with the regime. Secondly, this essay will introduce the topic of ‘dark tourism sites’, a tourism phenomenon which can be exampled with the Angkor Wat sites. Lastly, this essay will analyse two paradoxical, intertwining issues of heritage site conservation, and tourism development and promotion, and what literature views as being more important. The Cambodian...
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...Discuss the effect that international tourism has on developing countries and suggest what measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism. Tourism is one of the most profitable and growing sectors for the economy of many developing countries. Governments are aware both of this and the opportunities that lie within the industry, and wish to, with the combined effort of public and private sectors, focus on providing goods and services to international tourists for economic benefits to the country. Tourism creates jobs and eventually leads to a better standard of living for the country’s inhabitants. However, too much focus on economic gain can risk neglect in other areas and negate any progress. This essay outlines the effect of tourism in terms of the economic and environmental, social and political issues in developing countries. The tourism industry in developing countries is constantly supported by various supplementary services such as the transportation services, travelling services, hospitality services and others. This indicates the vast range of industrial and economic integration of international tourism across the world. However, there is an on-going failure for economic systems to see the whole picture and to consider other aspects to implement correct development strategies to help ensure conservation, rather than just economic, short-term gain. Tourism has consistently been shown to have a negative impact on the environment through land erosion, noise...
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...Class Name | FTDipHTM11 | Module | Tourism Systems | Assessment 1: Group Oral Presentation- 20% (Learning outcome from Chapter 2: Structure of Tourism and Travel Industry, Chapter 3: Travel Intermediaries, Chapter 4 & 5: Accommodation, Leisure Facilities & Transportation & Chapter 6: Tourism Product & Market Segmentation) This is a group oral presentation consists of 3- 5 students. You work in a travel agency. A well educated and well- heeled middle- aged couple wishes to visit Europe and they have an interest in cultural tourism, loves sight- seeing and visiting winery. They want to customise a luxury Europe travel package with everything top- notch. They seek your advice on where they should go. In order to provide them with quality customer service and adequate product knowledge, you are to research the following list of criteria: 1. Choose an Europe destination from the list below: * North Europe/ Scandinavian Countries: Norway and Sweden or Denmark or Finland * Western Europe: Great Britain and Ireland, or Netherlands, or France, Germany or Switzerland * Southern Europe: Italy, or Greece, or Spain, or Turkey 2. Capital City 3. Official language 4. Currency with 3 letter- code 5. National Air Carriers with 2 letter- code 6. Weather and climates 7. National Religions & their rituals (creating awareness for potential travellers) 8. Cultural (Expectations, Events, Costume and etc; the do’s and...
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...undoubted that tourism has become one of the largest and fastest growing industries at the global level. In fact, the majority of developing countries consider international tourism as a main approach to generate more local economic activities and encouragements of environmental improvement for regional areas. This leading service sector, however, could draw severalproblematic issues for the local environment and even economy of recipient countries due to many reasons. This essay will argue that in developing countries the economic and environmental negative impacts caused by tourism outweigh its benefits for local communities. To understand the influence of tourism on host countries, this essay aims to provide the evaluation about the benefits and costs of tourism on both economy and environment throughout two sections. The first section discusses the outperformance of negative consequences caused by tourism on environment comparing to its positive effects, while the second argues that the impacts ofvulnerable economy arose from tourism outweighs its benefit for the developing countries. Besides, the essay also points out the genuine situations of the tourism industry in South East Asia as the typical case of developing countries. Firstly, tourism has posed several destructive effects on environmental structure of the host regions where tourism activities take place. Undoubtedly, the constructions of facilities and infrastructures constructed for tourism as well as heavy...
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