...that is the target of toxicity most commonly involved in systemic effects is the central nervous system followed by skin, blood circulation system, liver, lungs and kidneys. Muscle and bones as well as the male and female reproductive systems often suffer debilitating impacts from many substances. Target organs can also refer to an organ is targeted to receive a therapeutic dose of irradiation. An example would be beaming gamma rays to the renal area of a kidney for the treatment of a tumor. Another example of a target organ is the thyroid gland, when the anterior pituitary gland secretes a thyroid stimulating hormone (Silbergeld, 2011). Target organ toxicity is when a toxins adverse effects or disease states manifest in specific organs in the body. The higher the cardiac output, the higher the exposure. Organs each have specialized tissues and cells with differentiated cellular processes and receptors while some toxicants and metabolites may have specific reactive pathways. As pointed out previously, toxicants do not always affect all organs to the same extent. There could be several sites of action and target organs for a particular toxicant. The same organ could be targeted by more than one toxicant. The target organ may not even be where the toxicant is stored. The degree of toxic concentrations in target organs is determined by the toxicokinetic processes (Silbergeld, 2011). One of the most important organs in the body is the liver. The liver plays a key role when...
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...therapeutic dose of irradiation. An example would be beaming gamma rays to the renal area of a kidney for the treatment of a tumor. Another example of a target organ is the thyroid gland, when the anterior pituitary gland secretes a thyroid stimulating hormone (Silbergeld, 2011). Target organ toxicity is when a toxins adverse effects or disease states manifest in specific organs in the body. The higher the cardiac output, the higher the exposure. Organs each have specialized tissues and cells with differentiated cellular processes and receptors while some toxicants and metabolites may have specific reactive pathways. As pointed out previously, toxicants do not always affect all organs to the same extent. There could be several sites of action and target organs for a particular toxicant. The same organ could be targeted by more than one toxicant. The target organ may not even be where the toxicant is stored. The degree of toxic concentrations in target organs is determined by the toxicokinetic processes (Silbergeld, 2011). One of the most important organs in the body is the liver. The liver plays a key role when it comes to detoxifying foreign substances or toxins. Through a series of...
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...1/15/12 Forensics Per. 2 Rattlesnake Venom The venom from the common western diamondback rattlesnake is a Hemorrhagic toxin. The toxin is produced within the snake and then injected through the fangs into its victims blood stream. This toxin is usually quite potent and has a complex chemical composition to it. The snake’s venom is quick acting so it proves quite dangerous to human health. The common rattlesnake venom is made up of combinations of proteins that range from hemotoxins, which separates cells and tissues, to neurotoxins and anticoagulants that might cause respiratory paralysis or arrest of the circulatory system. Rattlesnake venom has good uses too, we use it to better understand the toxins within it and make anti-venoms for it. The complex toxin in rattlesnake venom goes to work fast, showing its presence quickly but which can be a positive if you have the needed tools to treat the bite and the venom. It will be easy to find the puncture point because the victim will usually have a strong pain feeling coming from the wound/bite. The victim will have a lot of trouble breathing. Then they will get blurred vision and unable to keep their eyelids from drooping or sagging they will get discolored skin, might likely around the bite/wound. They will get destruction of the skin tissue around the bite/wound. The victim of the rattlesnake bite will eventually start vomiting uncontrollably. They may also suffer from strong nausea and will have a difficulty...
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...anything that the animal touches. They get their venom due to what they eat. The rat gets its poison by chewing up toxic tree bark and spreads its very-toxic saliva over its specialized hairs. Scientists have been learning a lot from the animals because the researchers’ goal is to save human lives. Animal venoms is being used to develop a number of new drugs, including those that treat heart disease and chronic pain. The reason they use animal venom is because the toxins can’t tell harmful cells in the bodies to stop working and destroying the human body. So this is how the animal venom can save lives. I feel that the research is really important to see the effects of animal venom on human diseases. There are over thousands of diseases that effect humans, that we don’t know cures for. So people are getting more and more harm for these incurable diseases every day. So researchers always have to look everywhere for cures, including in animal venom. You never know if the cure for AIDS or types of cancer may be found in toxins. However that’s not a guarantee that animal venom will have any positive effects on humans....
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...250 OB ON THE EDGE The Toxic Workplace It’s not unusual to find the following employee behaviours in today’s workplace: Answering the phone with a “yeah,” neglecting to say thank you or please, using voice mail to screen calls, leaving a half cup of coffee behind to avoid having to brew the next pot, standing uninvited but impatiently over the desk of someone engaged in a telephone conversation, dropping trash on the floor and leaving it for the maintenance crew to clean up, and talking loudly on the phone about personal matters.1 Some employers or managers fit the following descriptions: In the months since [the new owner of the pharmacy] has been in charge [he] has made it clear that he is at liberty to fire employees at will . . . change their positions, decrease their bonus percentages, and refuse time-off and vacation choices. Furthermore, he has established an authoritarian work structure characterized by distrust, cut-backs on many items deemed essential to work comfort, disrespect, rigidity and poor-tono-communication.2 He walked all over people. He made fun of them; he intimidated them. He criticized work for no reason, and he changed his plans daily.3 251 What’s Happening in Our Workplaces? Workplaces today are receiving highly critical reviews, being called everything from “uncivil” to “toxic.” Lynne Anderson and Christine Pearson, two management professors from St. Joseph’s University and the University of North Carolina, respectively, note that “Historians...
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...Goliath Tarantulas Imagine a huge, hairy, vicious looking spider. It has giant fangs and hair all over its body. Surprisingly, there is nothing to worry about. You are looking at the Goliath tarantula. These spiders are not what people say. They aren’t very dangerous whatsoever. If anything, you are no concern of this tarantula if you keep your distance. The largest spider in the world, the Goliath bird-eating tarantula, has a unique lifestyle where it lives in South America fighting for survival so it can achieve its one life goal: mating. The Goliath tarantula is a typical tarantula in the Theraphosidae family. This family has 850 species in it. That’s a lot of different species. This includes Typical and Atypical tarantulas (Trap-door spiders). The Goliath is a Typical tarantula, which is a tarantula that is more along the lines of what you think when you hear “tarantula.” It is part of kingdom Animalia, phylum Arthropoda. There are many different species that are involved in this one including vertebrate. The Goliath seems like one insignificant member of a huge family. But it is more than that. This tarantula, the Goliath bird-eater tarantula, has many different features that contribute to its name. The Goliath got its famous namesake from painting of a tarantula attacking a hummingbird by Madame Maria Sibylla Merian. The concept that the Goliath attacks birds was mocked in “Age of Reason” by socialists since they are not fit enough to (Hillyard 64). Though it had “earned...
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...Industrial poisons These are mainly due to various chemical substances from industry, which get into public water supply. Usually they contain solvents, detergents, heavy metals, dyes, pigments, sulphides, organic substances etc. These chemicals may affect directly, by contact, to produce severe skin diseases, allergies or eczemoid reaction or chemical burns. Some toxins produce acute effects while others produce chronic effects. Sometimes, the chemicals are ingested by workers if they do not wash their hands before taking food various toxic chemicals, and their effects on health. One may come in contact with them through other means besides water. Consequences of a negative impact of poisons on the human body depend on many factors: gender, age and individual sensitivity of the body, the chemical structure and physical properties of the poison. Its concentration in the air, the amount of substance taken into the body, the duration and continuity of its revenue, as well as a number of related factors of production environment, such as temperature and humidity, noise, vibration. Industrial poisons enter the human body in two main ways: through the respiratory system and skin. Through airways fall poisons which are in air, preferably as a vapor, gas and dust. Through skin penetrate oily liquid substances which highly soluble in lipids (fats and fat-like substances). Delivery of poisons through the gastrointestinal tract with contaminated hands when eating is also possible. ...
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...advantageous which actually has unlimited capabilities; in seeking a certain information, for recreation, for entertainment purposes and many other uses. But despite those infinite uses of computers, some say that computers cause detrimental effects to those who are exposed to its radiation. Radiation, in Physics, it is defined as the process of transmitting energy through space. There are two types of radiation exposure—82% is from natural resources such as cosmic and solar rays and 18% of the exposure is from man-made radiation. Radiation injures the body by destroying cells and parts of cells. It hinders cells from dividing which gives rise to cells which does not have the ability to reproduce. The reason why the researchers have chosen this topic is to stress out the hazardous effects of computer radiation.Long-term exposure to radiation increases the risk of all forms of cancer, tumors, blood disorders, miscarriage, headaches, insomnia, anxiety, aging of the skin, skin burn, etc. Radiation exposure over time can cause skin burn, dry wrinkled skin and photo aging. This skin damage is identical to sun damage and causes the same health problems. Many electronic products that we use on a daily basis expose us to harmful radiation. A television, microwave oven, cellular phone and computer are examples of products that emit radiation. To preserve your health use electronic products carefully, in ways that shield...
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...Using the control wheel Using the In-Camera Guide In-Camera Guide Shooting Tip Back to top Copyright 2012 Sony Corporation Cyber-shot User Guide undefined Search Search Print Top page > Shooting Before Use Shooting Viewing Using MENU items (Shooting) Using MENU items (Viewing) Changing settings Viewing images on a TV Using with your computer Shooting Shooting still images Shooting still images Zoom (Still images) Shooting movies Shooting movies Zoom (Movies) Shooting still images while recording a movie (Dual Rec) Setting REC mode Printing Troubleshooting Precautions/About this camera Contents list List of mode dial functions Intelligent Auto Superior Auto Program Auto Aperture Priority Shutter Priority Manual Exposure Memory recall Movie Sweep Shooting Scene Selection Functions not available in some REC modes...
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...help create but I had grown enough to understand the significance of the experience I gained. I had been exposed to exclusive training with the company and had acquired the necessary skills to help me handle difficult tasks. I was always available when my manager required my contribution; I knew he would miss that. However, I was more concerned about my experience and exposure in other fields, as well as what I had to do to achieve my life goals. Position 2: You are right, I am wrong Leaving my previous employer who trained me to be a top notch administrative professional was obviously painful. According to him, if I only took some more time, he would have promoted me to a managerial position in the company. He was willing to expose me to higher responsibilities that would prepare me to handle extremely difficult situations that managers experience in their duties. However, I no longer had the desire to be someone’s secretary. Position 3: both right, both wrong My employer was correct when he claimed that he was concerned of me and would ensure that I am well versed with experience and exposure in my field of work. He was also right to say that he had trained me on the basics of my career and he was ready to expose me to more knowledge in the field....
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...Cortina dʼAmpezzo Venice Portofino Cinque Terre Two photographers, Italy and the D80 Photographers from different fields share their impressions after shooting with the D80 on a trip to Italy. About shooting in Italy - H (Hien): Iʼ ve long dreamed of shooting in Venice. As a photojournalist, I always strive to convey the moment just as I see it with my own eyes. This demands a great amount of footwork to get acquainted with the location, and the time to establish a rapport with the locals. Shooting early in the morning with the D80 left an immediate impression on me. There was limited light, and that was comprised of a mixture of natural and artificial light. A film camera in such a situation requires complicated use of filters, whereas the D80 was able to achieve accurate white balance and metering under mixed light sources and produce beautiful results. Y (Yves): I believe shooting in the cafe allowed m e t o c l e a r l y ex p r e s s m y f e e l i n g s a b o u t the location. I am always exploring how best to express myself based on the inspiration I draw from the actual scene. And for me, the light is the inspiration. I like to control the light in each shot, which of course includes capturing the mood of the natural light, while at times also taking advantage of reflected light or using flashes. The D80 produced images just as I envisioned them, performing perfectly throughout the trip. Images from the D80 are of the highest quality, and I can edit them freely after...
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...in the United States each year. There are three major types of botulism: foodborne, wound, and infant botulism. All of these botulism types can be fatal. Foodborne botulism is a public health emergency because a lot of people can be poisoned by eating a contaminated food. Clostridium Botulinum can be found in soil. It produces spores that can survive and thrive in improperly preserved or canned food, where it produces toxin. Tiny amounts of this toxin can lead to poisoning when ingested. Early symptoms include fatigue, weakness, usually followed by blurred vision, dry mouth and difficulty in swallowing and speaking. Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal swelling may also occur. The disease goes to the neck and arms making them weak and after that the respiratory muscles and muscles of the lower body are affected. There is no fever or loss of consciousness. Symptoms in infants may include contipation, drooling, poor feeing and weak sucking, respiratory distress, weakness and loss of muscle tone. The symptoms usually appear 12-36 hours after exposure but can occur as early as six hours or as late as 10 days afterward. Severe poisoning can cause respiratory failure and death....
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...thought it was the most obsurd thing they had ever heard of, injecting deadly toxins into your body. According to Brown, Botox has now become the “number-one most-performed nonsurgical dermatologic procedure” (240). One of the first wrinkle fillers to be introduced to the U.S., a “toxin” made from the same protein that causes botulism created quite a stir. Wunder stated “Botox injections are no longer limited to Hollywood types and the super rich” (62) anymore it has taken the stay at home moms to the working class mothers and fathers to a whole new beauty regiem. With the economy being at the lowest, women and men are still having their faces refreshed on a routine scheduled visit at their favorite dermatologist or plastic surgeons office. Picking a trained physicihian is one of the most critical parts of using the neurotoxin. Botox is not only for beauty anymore, now uses for the toxin is helping other areas of health issues in men and women. As negative issues reached the news about the use of Botox, one of the scariest was when Begley stated “one of the deadliest posions in nature and a possible bioterroism agent, this neurotoxin reached the market, in very dilute doses”. Many factors must be taken in to consideration when a person is going to try the injectable neurotoxin Botox. There is always the possibility of those “potential pitfalls in untrained hands or if overused, injecting this toxin could lead to a frozen face or a drooping effect” according to Janes (65). Other...
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...Loder, Carey Ann Maines, Charles Schweizer ISBN-13: 978-1-58428-258-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008942244 Printed in Korea. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded or otherwise, without prior written consent from the publisher. Notice of Disclaimer: The information contained in this book is based on the author’s experience and opinions. The author and publisher will not be held liable for the use or misuse of the information in this book. Table of Contents FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 by David A. Williams INTRODUCTION Why Manual Exposure Mode? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Exposure Metering Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Metering Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Metering Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Using a Hand-Held Incident Light Meter . . . . .18 Using and Interpreting the Camera’s Built-In Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Using the Histogram to Determine...
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...When most people think of Botox®, they think of skin injections that smooth out wrinkles and fine lines. But while Botox® is indeed a skin rejuvenation miracle, it has other uses as well. Anand Medical Spa in New York City utilizes nonsurgical procedures to help enhance the natural beauty and health of their clients. They understand the many benefits Botox® has to offer, and here they share three of its common applications. Skin Rejuvenation: Botox® injections are widely known as an effective, noninvasive way to combat wrinkles. From crow's feet to worry lines, from sagging brows to wrinkling necks, Botox® can give your skin the boost it needs. Contrarily to popular belief, the Botox® protein is not a poison, has been approved for use by the...
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