...through the company lost money for the first two years (2009 and 2010), but made small profits in 2011 and first quarter of 2012.Sales are rapidly increasing in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Through a recent market survey, it indicates that sales will be increase more in the next few years. 1.1 Organizational chart of the company [pic] 1.2 Duties and responsibilities The President of Custom Gear is Mr. Roger Rhodes, the founder of Custom Gear. His responsibilities are: a) Contacts with some of the large customers b) Arranges financing needed by company c) Sits in weekly production meeting d) Discussing on problems like scheduling, employee and also production. The Engineer is responsible on: a) Design company’s products b) Procurement and maintenance of equipment c) Oversee the supervisor/foreman d) Attends weekly production meetings e) Spend most time on factory floor The Expediter: a) Review work in progress in the shop b) Select orders which are behind schedules and ensure they are treated on rush basis c) Looking for past due raw materials and lost orders The work force consists of 50 highly skilled or semiskilled employees which are managed through family type approach. 2.0 Problem Being Faced By Custom Gear i. Accepting...
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...minute. The second worker is more productive. He can create 42.5 labels per minute where the first one can only create 33.3 labels a minute. 2. Howard Plastics produces plastic containers for use in the food packaging industry. Last year its average monthly production included 20,000 containers produced using one shift five days a week with an eight-hour-a-day operation. Of the items produced 15 percent were deemed defective. Recently, Howard Plastics has implemented new production methods and a new quality improvement program. Its monthly production has increased to 25,000 containers with 9 percent defective. (a) Compute productivity ratios for the old and new production system. a. 8*5 = 40 20,000 – 3000 = 17000/160 = 106.25 good parts per hour b. 25,000 – 2250 = 22,750/160 = 142.1875 good parts per hour c. (22750-17000)/ 17000 = 34% increase (b) Compare the changes in productivity between the two production systems. d. The machine that produced 25,000 containers is better and is more efficient. Operations management is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. My boss is the CTO, he makes decisions and lines up items for all of IT to complete. He creates a strategy for us to succeed, to optimize output given out set of requirements. Being able to maximize output saves the company money, and keeps...
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...ROLL NO.:-1402014725 MAIL ID: viveksrivastav595@gmail.com SUBJECT CODE:-MB0044 SUBJECT NAME: PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT NAME: VIVEK SRIVASTAV SEMESTER: 2ND QuesNo.1) People’s productivity key to Indian manufacturing competitiveness: Boston Consulting Group. Namrata Singh, TNN/Mar14, 2013, 9.34 PM 1st Mumbai: People productivity is the key to Indian manufacturing competitiveness says a report by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In most global people productivity surveys, not only does people productivity of Indian manufacturing sector lags developed nations such as US and Japan but also lags in most manufacturing sectors to China. While earlier, many explained this to differences are not only rapidly shrinking, but they do not fully explain the significant gaps in productivity that exists. Skill gap and engagement gap are the two critical factors that explain lower productivity leads to improved skills and better working environment- thus paving the way for higher investments and faster economic growth therefore it is critical for the Indian manufacturing sector to work toward enhancing people productivity to achieve the goals it has set for itself,” the report says. The subject gains importance in the backdrop of a slowdown in western economic countries & China, as well as cost increases in China. Indian manufacturing sector stands at the cusp of a tremendous opportunity. After reading the case study answer the following questions: a) What...
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...Quantity Quantity A. Fixed Automation A system in which the sequence of processing (or assembly) operations is fixed by the equipment configuration. The operations in the sequence are usually simple. lt is the integration and coordination of many such operations into one piece of equipment that makes the system complex. Typical features: * Suited to high production quantities * High initial investment for custom-engineered equipment * High production rates * Relatively inflexible in accommodating product variety The economic justification for fixed automation is found in products with very high demand rates and volumes. The high initial cost of the equipment can be spread over a very large number of units, thus making the unit cost attractive compared to alternative methods of production. Examples of fixed automation include mechanized assembly lines (starting around 1913 - the product moved along mechanized conveyors, but the workstations along the line were manually operated) and machining transfer lines (beginning around 1924). B. Programmable Automation The production equipment is designed with the capability to change the sequence of operations through reprogramming to accommodate different product configurations. The operation sequence is controlled by a program, which is a set of instructions coded so that the system can read and interpret them. New programs can be prepared and entered into the equipment...
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...IAI : Expert Systems © John A. Bullinaria, 2005 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. What is an Expert System? The Architecture of Expert Systems Knowledge Acquisition Representing the Knowledge The Inference Engine The Rete-Algorithm The User Interface What is an Expert System? Jackson (1999) provides us with the following definition: An expert system is a computer program that represents and reasons with knowledge of some specialist subject with a view to solving problems or giving advice. To solve expert-level problems, expert systems will need efficient access to a substantial domain knowledge base, and a reasoning mechanism to apply the knowledge to the problems they are given. Usually they will also need to be able to explain, to the users who rely on them, how they have reached their decisions. They will generally build upon the ideas of knowledge representation, production rules, search, and so on, that we have already covered. Often we use an expert system shell which is an existing knowledge independent framework into which domain knowledge can be inserted to produce a working expert system. We can thus avoid having to program each new system from scratch. w9-2 Typical Tasks for Expert Systems There are no fundamental limits on what problem domains an expert system can be built to deal with. Some typical existing expert system tasks include: 1. The interpretation of data Such as sonar data or geophysical measurements 2. Diagnosis of malfunctions Such as equipment faults...
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...positive, the longer term prospects for sustainable production to meet this demand are tenuous and many chocolate manufacturers are becoming concerned. Supply shortages and high prices are a long-term threat to future growth of cocoa consumption since rationing of stocks will affect the most price sensitive markets first which are also the emerging markets. Subsequent establishment of consumer patterns of increased consumption of alternative snack foods and the use of less, or lower quality, cocoa in chocolate products could seriously effect long-term consumption of cocoa in these markets. Despite historically sustained growth, forecasting cocoa supply, demand and price movements is very difficult. However, as expected prices rose in 2001 due to a tightening of supply. Recent outlooks point to a demand growth range of 1.5-4.0% per annum. The current (November 2005) price is about US$1,400 per tonne. The long term outlook is for a price of US$1,200-2,000 per tonne in 2009-10 depending on demand growth Critical factors for an Australian industry Researchers and industry have been interested in cocoa production in northern Australia since the 1960s. A number of reviews were conducted showing there were suitable areas for commercial production and limited trials demonstrated that promising yields were possible. However, a combination of fluctuating world prices and the traditionally labour intensive nature of production have prevented any industry development. In 1999 a project...
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...REPORT ON APPLICATION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS Submitted to: Ms. Alpa Reshamwala Submitted by: Aashumita (351) Aditya shehkhar (371) Anshu Upadhyay (381) Abstract : An expert system is a computer program which captures the knowledge of a human expert on a given problem, and uses this knowledge to solve problems in a fashion similar to the expert. The system can assist the expert during problem-solving, or act in the place of the expert in those situations where the expertise is lacking. Expert systems have been developed in such diverse areas as science, engineering, business, and medicine. In these areas, they have increased the quality, efficiency, and competitive leverage of the organizations employing the technology. Introduction : Expert system technology has captured the interest of professionals in a number of fields in recent years. Systems have been developed in such diverse areas as science, engineering, business, and medicine. Almost every professional and computer society currently has a special interest group for expert systems technology. This widespread interest can be attributed to the ability of the expert system to aid various organizations in solving practical, real-world problems. Expert system is an off spring of artificial intelligence. Al is the study of developing computer Programs...
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...process of identifying distinct breed populations and describing their characteristics and those of their production environments. In this context, the term “production environment” is taken to include not only the “natural” environment but also management practices and the common uses to which the animals are put, as well as social and economic factors such as market orientation, niche marketing opportunities and gender issues. Recording the geographical distribution of breed populations is here considered to be an integral part of phenotypic characterization. Complementary procedures used to unravel the genetic basis of the phenotypes of AnGR, their patterns of inheritance from one generation to the next, and to establish relationships between breeds are referred to as molecular genetic characterization (FAO, 2010b). In essence, phenotypic and molecular genetic characterization of AnGR are used to measure and describe genetic diversity in these resources as a basis for understanding them and utilizing them sustainably. The guidelines distinguish between two phases or levels of characterization. The term “primary characterization” is used to refer to activities that can be carried out in a single visit to the field (e.g. measurement of animals’ morphological features, interviews with livestock keepers, observation and measurement of some aspects of the production environment, mapping of geographical distribution). The term “advanced characterization” is used to describe...
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...PROD 2100 - 2110 Production and Operations Management 2004-2005 Pierre Semal Prod 2100/2110 Introduction 0 Rules of the Game Tutorials Readings • • • Morgan, “Mechanization Takes Command” in “Images of Organizations”, Sage Press, 1986. Meal, “Putting production decisions where they belong”, HBR, 1984. Zeithaml, Berry, Parasuraman, “Communication and control processes in the delivery of service quality”, Journal of marketing, 1988. Working Sessions: • Individual • Computerized • Classical Manuals: • commented transparencies (Culb IAG, web) • exercise manual (Culb IAG, web) • readings (Culb IAG) • personal notes • Chase and Aquilano, Production and Operations Management, Irwin (Edt). • McLain, Thomas and Mazzola, Operations Management: Production of goods and services, Prentice Hall (Edt). Objectives / Exam ... Winnie the Pooh spent the rest of the day by walking and happily humming a new hum, all about the common sense approach and what The Stranger has been teaching them and the hum went like this: Select the problem of the day Finding one that’s right to do, You can choose it either way, You pick it ot it picks you. Observe it very carefully, “Where do I start? Where am I going?” And don’t forget about the bee, “What’s in the way of doing or knowing?” Prod 2100/2110 Introduction 1 Introduction What is POM ? What kind of problems are studied in POM ? 1. DEFINITIONS...............................................................
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...Instructor: Michael Snell July 4, 2011 L. & J. G. Strickley was founded in 1900 by brothers Leopold and George Strickley. The company produces fine cherry, white oak, and mahogany furniture. Over the years the company has experienced both good and bad times. At one point the company employed over 200 people and at another point when the business was in disarray they employed only 20 full time employees. When the business hit its low point in 1974, it was bought by the present owners. Since then the business has prospered and grown. Stickley furniture now has 1,350 employees has five retail showrooms in three states. Their furniture is sold nationally by some 120 dealers. Within this paper I will discuss the history of Strickley furniture, the production process, and changes that might be beneficial to the company. The Stickley brothers burst into international prominence in the early 20th century with their Mission Oak designs. These were based on the notion that furniture should be “honest”—a reaction against the fake joinery, unnecessary gaudiness, and shoddy workmanship of many of the pieces created in the early days of industrial furniture making. [pic]The Stickleys used solid construction, what-you-see-is-what-you-get joinery, and the highest quality woods. But even more, they showed a genius for design, creating hundreds of new forms that were at once beautiful to look upon, practical to use, exceedingly strong and long-lasting, and perfect for the new ways American families...
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...Chap -1 Production management DEFINITION As any premises in which person are employed for the purpose of making altering , repairing ornamenting , finishing , clearing , washing , breaking , adopting for sale any article PRODUCTION AS THE CONVERSION PROCESS Production process of changing input into output . INPUT Lab our Material Equipment Capital Management OUTPUT Goods and services Conversion Process COMPARISION Actual V/s Planned The input to the production system are raw material , parts , energy , production schedules , information technology , capital or management and output are the goods , transported goods ,delivered message , services customers. For example :- 1) In manufacturing organization like steel plant , input are materials like iron , ore , coke , lime stone ,etc 2) In service organization like bank , inputs are customer and output are serviced customer COMPONENTS OF PRODUCTION FUNCTION PLANNING | * Product selection and design * Process selection and planning * Facility location * Facility layout and materials handling * Capital planning * Forecasting * Production planning | ORGANISING | * Work study and job design | CONTROLLONG | * Production control * Inventory control * Quality control * Maintenance and replacement * Cost of reduction and cost control | 1. Production selection and design -A right kinds of products and good design of the product are crucial for the...
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...basis. Below is a breakdown of how three businesses, Macy's, McDonald's, and Microsoft, differ in the aforementioned operations and material management, also known as OMM, process. Although these three companies conduct business around three different services and products, their business principles and operating systems are quite similar. They have also fine tuned their OMM processes to be effective and profitable companies. Macy's main objective as a retailer, with a mass production operating system, is to provide a quality and valuable product and service at an affordable price. They specialize in the sale of brand name clothing and furniture from external suppliers in a department store setting. Macy's also relies on computer systems to track available stock, employee sales, and company performance. In order for them to operate their stores effectively they hire competent and personable employees who uphold the philosophy of cleanliness, neatness, professionalism. Macy's employees range from stockers and janitors to managers and salesmen, all of which are a key component to daily operations. Similar to Macy's, McDonald's uses a mass production operating system to provide a dining experience that will become their customer's favorite place and way to eat (McDonald's, 2013). They specialize in the sale of hamburgers, cheeseburgers, and specialty sandwiches at a high-rate of speed for an affordable price. This is only made possible through the use of specialized machines and...
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...1. Inditex financial results compare to competitors. The four companies shown above have very different business models. Inditex owned much of the production and most of its stores. Inditex is thus a vertically integrated company. This made Inditex gain a competitive advantage, which is quick response to the market requirements. On the other hand, The Gap and H&M have a different business model. They owned most of the stores, but outsourced all the production. Benetton had a third business model. It invested heavily in the production, but licensees ran its stores. The most interesting company to compare Inditex is The Gap. Although The Gap has much higher revenues than Inditex (almost five times Inditex), it incurred a net loss, as opposed to Inditex, which achieved a 23%, return in investment. This is due to the extremely high costs of good sold for The Gap. This could be caused -at least partially- by the complete outsourcing of the production. They do not have enough control over the production costs. Although The Gap has larger market share than Inditex and has equity almost double that of Inditex, Inditex is much more profitable. 2. How specifically do the distinctive features of Zara business model affect its operating economics? Specifically, compare Zara with an average retailer with similar posted prices. Zara sources fabric, other inputs, and finished products from external suppliers. It has purchasing offices in Barcelona and Hong Kong. This gives Zara a competitive...
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...considering the adoption of a level monthly production plan for the coming year. The manufacturer of children’s plastic toys currently employs a production plan that follows the seasonality of sales. In considering whether to implement a level monthly production schedule, we compared the benefits and costs of both methods in relation to the financial and operational needs of the business. This allowed for an in-depth analysis of the savings allowed by a level monthly production schedule, and the impact of such a system on timing, cash flow and risk. As a toy manufacturer, Mr. McClintock’s company would face unique risks under the proposed system of production. These risks were compared to those accepted under a seasonal production schedule. By completing this analysis, we determined that Toy World Inc. would benefit the most from maintaining a seasonal production system. However, since a level monthly production plan would result in cost savings for the company, we have presented options through which Mr. McClintock can manage the financial implications of this schedule. Benefits of Level Monthly Production Mr. McClintock can expect to see savings of $490,000 in labour costs under this production system. These savings would be reflected in a lower cost of goods sold (70% of sales to 65.1%). A level monthly production plan allows the removal of overtime wage premiums in peak seasons, resulting in savings of $225,000, and streamlining of production, resulting in $265,00 in direct labour...
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...policy approaches based on place marketing and associated initiatives is described. The possibilities of a more powerful second-generation approach are then sketched out with special emphasis on localized complexes of cultural-products industries. An extensive review and classification of these complexes is laid out, and their inward and outward relations to global markets are considered. On this basis, a critical discussion of local economic policy options focused on cultural-products industries is offered. Contrasting examples of development initiatives in major global cities, in selected old manufacturing towns, and in the Multimedia Super Corridor of Malaysia are briefly presented. It is suggested that the growth and spread of localized production agglomerations based on cultural-products industries are leading not to cultural uniformity but to greatly increased diversity at the global level. Keywords: agglomeration; cultural economy; globalization; industrial districts; local economic development; place marketing Over the past decade or so, the industrial profile of many countries has tilted perceptibly in the direction of a new creative or cultural economy. In some countries, indeed, the cultural economy is now one of the major frontiers of expansion of output and employment. This turn of events is actually one facet of the wider resurgence of a so-called new economy generally in AUTHOR’S NOTE: This research was supported by the National Science...
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