...Application of Value Management in Construction Industry | | | Value Engineering “The systematic application of recognized techniques by multi-disciplined team which identifies the function of a product or process, establishes a worth for the function, generates alternatives through creative thinking and provides the needed function reliably at lowest overall cost.” Value engineering tries to provide appropriate functions at appropriate cost maintaining performance, quality, reliability or maintainability and safety. VE analyzes a function or method by asking such questions as: * What it is? * What does it do? * What must it do? * What does it cost? * What other material or method could be used to do the same job? * What would the alternate material or method cost? The essence of value engineering lies in the following four points: 1. Focus on Function Value engineering is the function oriented revision design, and hence facilitates deeper thinking. It is not cost reduction or cheapening process. 2. Step by Step approach Value Engineering is a step by step approach aimed at achieving desired function. The whole Value Engineering workshop involves following basic steps to be followed: * Project Selection Phase * Information Phase * Function Analysis Phase * Creative Phase * Evaluation Phase * Recommendation Phase * Implementation Phase * Feedback to Management 3. Emphasis on creativity In...
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...ENG Persuasive Essay To Move Out On My Own or Stay At Home? I live at home with my parents. I live for free, I pay no bills. The refrigerator is always full, my clothes are always clean as a matter of fact I constantly come home to find new clothing on my bed, compliments of my mom. I have an IPhone 6 Plus and have never paid a phone bill. I have my own bedroom with Direct TV and my own bathroom. I pay no rent. I have a 2015 Audi A3 with full insurance coverage, and I have never paid a penny towards either. What will become me of if I move out on my own? My so-called friends keep telling me I should move out, get a place on my own. In their opinion I should be out on my own, living my life and living it up. I have convinced myself to some degree that their opinion is right, that I am nineteen and I should be out on my own. That my parents have no right to tell me what to do, or how to live, or to expect anything from me. My parents with their rules to do well in college, maintain a part time job, stay our of trouble and to please keep my room clean are just way too much to expect from me. I should be able to screw up if I want, I tell myself, and have an attitude because I am a man now. I can treat people however I want. I believe that for now I need to get my act together. I need to realize what have and start appreciating all that my parents have given to me and continue to give. I must better assess the opinions and suggestions...
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...THE NAME GIVEN TO THE NEW MEMBER OF THE AUDI IS A3 SPORTSBACK WHICH IS ACTUALLY A COMBINATION OF A SPORTS CAR PERFORMANCE AND A HATCHBACK DESIGN WHICH IS THE ANSWER TO THE MERCEDES-BENZ CLA COMPACT SEDAN.WITH PREVIOUS SUCCESS OF A3 TWO-DOOR AUDI HAS NOW DECIDE TO LAUNCH A MORE PRACTICAL AND A UPDATED VERSION OF A3 .THE LONGER , WIDER AND THE LOWER SEDAN HAS SHARP CRISP LINES WHICH ADD ON TO THE CHARACTER OF THE CAR AND WITH THE ADDED SPOILER ENHANCES THE MASCULINITY OF THE CAR AND WITH TRADEMARKED SINGLE-FRAME RADIATOR GRILL IS THE PRIMARY DESIGN ELEMENT UP FRONT THE BUMPERS WHICH WORKS AS THE LARGE AIR INLET TOO. LED DAYTIME RUNNING LIGHTS FORM VISUALLY UNIFORM CONTOURS OF LIGHT AT THE UPPER AND LOWER SECTIONS. THE TURN SIGNAL IS IN THE TAPERED INNER CORNER UNDERNEATH A CHROMED STRIP WHILE THE EXTERIOR IS IMPRESSIVE, INSIDE OF THE CAR IS FILLED WITH LUXURIES SUCH AS BANG & OLUFSEN AUDIO SYSTEM , MMI 7-INCH NAVIGATION DISPLAY WHICH EXTENDS ELECTRONICALLY FROM INSTRUMENTAL PANEL , LED LIGHTING , 4G LTE CONNECTIVITY AND MANY MORE THE FEEL INSIDE THE CAR IS PREMIUM INDEED THE DASHBOARD INTERIOR FITTINGS ARE LIFTED STRAIGHT OUT OF THE OTHER A3S SO THE DESIGN IS SIMPLE AND ELEGANT WITH THE DENSE AND LUSTROUS MATERIAL WHICH IS USED AND NOT TO FORGET THE EXTRA PREMIUM SEATS WHICH IS WRAPPED WITH MILANO LEATHER AND A COMBINATION OF PEARL NAPPA LEATHER. AUDI WILL AGAIN OFFER ITS TDI ENGINE AMONGST THE SELECTION: A TURBOCHARGED 1.8-LITER ENGINE CAPABLE OF 170 HP AND 180 LB-FT OF TORQUE...
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...― 109 ― Toyota and Why It Is So Successful Robert B. Austenfeld, Jr. 1) As of May 2006 GM was still struggling to stay out of bankruptcy. (Received on May 10, 2006) 1. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to describe one of the most successful companies in the world and explain the reasons for that success. Fortune magazine’s February 20, 2006 edition featured this headline on its cover: “The Tragedy of General Motors” and a story of GM’s woes by Carol J. Loomis. Two weeks later, Fortune’s next edition on March 6, 2006 had this headline on its cover: “How Toyota Does It: The Triumph of the Prius.” This stark contrast is typical of the stories circulating in the media these days. At a time when a company that was once admired and for many years held the lofty position of the world biggest automaker appears on the brink of bankruptcy 1) , Toyota is about to overtake it in global sales this year (O’Dell, 2005). Why is Toyota continuing to thrive at a time when other carmakers are struggling to survive? At the outset I would like to acknowledge the main source for much of the information in this paper: The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles from the World’s Greatest Manufacturer by Jeffrey K. Liker (2004). This paper is organized as follows: 1. Introduction 2. The history of Toyota 3. The Toyota Way 4. Summary and conclusionPapers of the Research Society of Commerce and Economics, Vol. XXXXVII No. 1 ...
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...2.0 Análisis de la situación Mercedes-Benz hará el lanzamiento del Clase A la cual se llevara a cabo a finales de mes de octubre del 2012. Con este nuevo producto se busca entrar en un nuevo segmento donde la competencia acapara todo el mercado. La campaña de lanzamiento será fundamental para que el producto sea bien recibido por los nuevos clientes. Hoy en día el consumidor de autos Mercedes-Benz es una persona mayor y la idea de este nuevo producto es llegar a los consumidores más jóvenes. 2.1 Resumen de Mercado Mercedes-Benz posee una vasta cantidad de información sobre sus clientes actuales puesto a que el segmento al que va dirigido lo tiene bien definido, pero con la entrada de esta nueva Clase, Mercedes-Benz tiene como mercado target personas mucho más jóvenes. Dado que nuestro producto posee mejores características que la competencia en cuanto a tecnología, diseño más deportivo y más gadgets para las nuevas generaciones, se espera que este vehículo sobrepase las expectativas del cliente y esa es nuestra propuesta de valor. Mercado Meta: • Jóvenes (Estudiantes y profesionistas) • Deportivo • Ambos sexos • A / B 2.1.1 Demografia del Mercado El perfil del cliente típico de Mercedes-Benz consiste en los 3 siguientes mercados, geográficos, demográficos y conductuales. Geográfico. • Como se puede observar en la siguiente tabla, la población a la que se está dirigiendo es del 7.40% de la población total de México. Es decir, cerca de de ocho millones de personas...
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...Imagen de marca La Imagen de marca nos posiciona como una marca que entrega calidad, diseño y compromiso, con un seguimiento de postventa y servicio de garantía a precios adecuados, para satisfacer las necesidades del cliente con un respaldo tecnológico y de calidad comprometido con medioambiente. Además de intentar alcanzar un volumen de ventas que nos permita obtener beneficios y conseguir un buen posicionamiento en el mercado. Creándose una imagen de marca muy relacionada con la exclusividad, hoy en día dándole un trato medio para el disfrute y no como fin, Mitja como marca transmite una imagen muy sobria y equilibrada, podríamos decir que todos sus productos son muy corporativos, todos se basan en los mismos principios transmitiendo la misma percepción al mercado. Modelo ABE 90 La mejor opción con respecto a la estrategia de gama sería la de introducir un solo nuevo modelo el primer año, el monovolumen medio ABE 90, ya que consideramos que entre las alternativas existentes sería el vehículo mejor aceptado y con un precio más reducido. Además de contar con que un 10%de la cuota del mercado en 2013 es de los monovolúmenes medios. De esta forma conseguiríamos una mayor presencia en el sector que posteriormente nos facilitará la introducción de los siguientes modelos, así como, estar presentes en un nuevo segmento. Y llegar a la situación de break-even. P.V.P: 27.000€ Nuestros competidores: Mazda 2: este modelo compacto es líder en su segmento en términos de aceleración...
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...Toyota and Why It Is So Successful Robert B. Austenfeld, Jr. (Received on May 10, 2006) 1. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to describe one of the most successful companies in the world and explain the reasons for that success. Fortune magazine’s February 20, 2006 edition featured this headline on its cover: “The Tragedy of General Motors” and a story of GM’s woes by Carol J. Loomis. Two weeks later, Fortune’s next edition on March 6, 2006 had this headline on its cover: “How Toyota Does It: The Triumph of the Prius.” This stark contrast is typical of the stories circulating in the media these days. At a time when a company that was once admired and for many years held the lofty position of the world biggest automaker appears on the brink of bankruptcy1), Toyota is about to overtake it in global sales this year (O’Dell, 2005). Why is Toyota continuing to thrive at a time when other carmakers are struggling to survive? At the outset I would like to acknowledge the main source for much of the information in this paper: The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles from the World’s Greatest Manufacturer by Jeffrey K. Liker (2004). This paper is organized as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction The history of Toyota The Toyota Way Summary and conclusion 1) As of May 2006 GM was still struggling to stay out of bankruptcy. Papers of the Research Society of Commerce and Economics, Vol. XXXXVII No. 1 2. The History of Toyota For organizational convenience I will discuss...
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...Toyota and Why It Is So Successful Robert B. Austenfeld, Jr. (Received on May 10, 2006) 1. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to describe one of the most successful companies in the world and explain the reasons for that success. Fortune magazine’s February 20, 2006 edition featured this headline on its cover: “The Tragedy of General Motors” and a story of GM’s woes by Carol J. Loomis. Two weeks later, Fortune’s next edition on March 6, 2006 had this headline on its cover: “How Toyota Does It: The Triumph of the Prius.” This stark contrast is typical of the stories circulating in the media these days. At a time when a company that was once admired and for many years held the lofty position of the world biggest automaker appears on the brink of bankruptcy1), Toyota is about to overtake it in global sales this year (O’Dell, 2005). Why is Toyota continuing to thrive at a time when other carmakers are struggling to survive? At the outset I would like to acknowledge the main source for much of the information in this paper: The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles from the World’s Greatest Manufacturer by Jeffrey K. Liker (2004). This paper is organized as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction The history of Toyota The Toyota Way Summary and conclusion 1) As of May 2006 GM was still struggling to stay out of bankruptcy. Papers of the Research Society of Commerce and Economics, Vol. XXXXVII No. 1 2. The History of Toyota For organizational convenience I will discuss...
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...The 10 Best Car Brands of 1990 This page provides two rankings of the Top 10 car brands sold in North America between late 1984 and 1989. Each ranking employs a different method of computation. The statistics used in the computations for rating and ranking the brands are those found within the April 1990 issue of Consumer Reports. The two sections providing the necessary statistics are CR's Used-Cars-To-Avoid list and its reliability charts. Reliability is defined by the magazine as the infrequency of serious problems, which it measures annually by a subscriber survey. The first ranking of the car brands is based on each brand's infrequency of trouble-prone models. This ranking provides a measure of how well each brand's models successfully avoided the bottom end of the model-quality spectrum. The second ranking of the car brands is based on the average of the overall reliability ratings of each brand's models. The second ranking provides a measure of how well a brand's models performed over the entire model-quality spectrum. Brand Quality by Infrequency of Trouble-Prone Models: The Top 10 To form a brand-quality measure from the 1990 list of Used Cars To Avoid, the first step is to count each brand's entries on the list. Each model year of each model is treated as a separate entry. Next, as the number of automobile models sold under a brand name varies greatly from brand to brand, it is necessary to take account of the fact that a brand with more models has a greater...
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...QANT620 --- A3 project: The choosing of investment portfolio Ting Ting Mei This project basically is talking about the investment of the stock portfolio, that mostly focus on investing of the different stocks from different company in different sector, analyzing how much percentage that we expected to invest in each stock under the expected return that we want to gain. This portfolio project covers four companies from four different sectors, which have their own advantages. The main goal of this portfolio project is focusing on the stable return of the portfolio, and the reason for choosing these companies. The four companies that I choose for this project are Toyota Motor Corporation (-TM-), The Coca-Cola Company (KO), Bank of American Corporation (BAC), and Marriott International, Inc. (MAR). The reason that I choose The Coca-Cola Company (KO) and Marriott International, Inc. (MAR) is these two companies have a stable historical price movement. Stable return of the portfolio is the first goal for all the investors, which can gain a stable profit. The Coca-Cola Company (NASDAQ: KO) The Coca-Cola Company is one of the largest corporations in the non-alcoholic beverage industry. Coca-Cola has a market cap of $186 billion and focuses exclusively on beverages. Coca-Cola has been a publicly traded company since 1920. One share of stock purchased in 1919 for $40, with all dividends reinvested, would be worth $9.8 million in 2012, a 10.7% annual increase, adjusted for...
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...details were relatively limited, the companies said that Toyota owners who register with Toyota Friend will be connected “with their cars, their dealership, and with Toyota,” and will have access through the network to product information and maintenance tips. If an owner’s hybrid vehicle is running short on battery power, for instance, the Toyota Friend network will alert that customer to the condition via a short message similar to those exchanged on Twitter, according to the statement. Members will be able to access the community through smartphones, tablet computers, and other mobile devices. In recent years, many companies have rushed to establish a presence in the greenfields of social networks such as Facebook and LinkedIn, creating communities of customers and fans there. Toyota’s new CRM effort is distinctive because of its closed nature and its reliance on telematics, which connects a driver directly to information on a car’s status. “To date, [Toyota Motor Co.] has developed its own telematics services to connect people, cars, and their surroundings,” the statement read. “Through Toyota Friend, TMC aims to offer its telematics services worldwide. Moving forward, TMC plans to advance toward the realization of future mobility by teaming up proactively with global IT companies.” Toyota President Akio Toyoda said this latest iteration of customer relationship management is a natural evolution for the auto industry. "Social networking services are transforming human...
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...5 737 6 8 Ikea 5 Jiffy Lube International variety-based positioning mutual fund CarMax Circuit City Stores CarMax 6 Vanguard Group index fund Citibank 25 lender Bessemer Trust needs-based positioning Company 500 1:125 14 7 Carmike Cinemas 20 access-based positioning 2% 5% 1985 Strategy gies Competitive generic strate- Continental Lite 8 Delta Air Lines Continental Airlines Continental Lite JC J.C.Penney 17 NC- 17 Sears straddling trade-offs 9 Neutrogena Corporation PH Ivory Soap 10 Continental Lite CEO Continental Lite 1,000 Lite Continental 11 Corolla Corolla 10 Honda Motor Company Toyota Motor Corporation 737 10 1995 Civic fit 12 13 optimization of effort Bic Corporation product availability Gap simple consistency Gap Gap 3 Gap 3 7.5 4 Gap Gap 6 8 entire system 14 1 0.9 0 . 81 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 . 66 15 winner-take-all Toys R Us Child World Lionel Leisure 16 10 17 M a y t a g Corporation 18 Jenn-Air Hardwick Stove Hoover Magic Chef Admiral 10 6 . 84 1985 1994 1989 1995 20 12% 70 1% 80 34 8% 20 90 Wal-Mart 19 critical mass 20...
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...Toyota Recall: Five Critical Lessons Posted by Michael Connor • January 31, 2010 • Printer-friendly by Michael Connor Toyota’s announcement of a technical fix for its sticky gas pedals – which can lead to sudden acceleration problems - is not likely to bring a quick end to the company’s current recall nightmare. Having already halted sales and production of eight of its top-selling cars in the U.S. - and recalled more than 9 million cars worldwide, in two separate recalls – Toyota faces the prospect of billions of dollars in charges and operating losses. The Toyota brand, once almost synonymous with top quality, has taken a heavy hit. While all the facts are not yet in, it’s clear that Toyota’s crisis didn’t emerge full-blown overnight. Fixing the problem and ensuring that something like it doesn’t happen again will require an all-out effort, from assembly line to the boardroom. Even then, there are no guarantees. Maintaining a good corporate reputation in the 21st century is tricky business indeed. Toyota’s case offers a number of valuable lessons for other business people and companies to consider. Here, for starters, are five: Aggressive growth can create unmanageable risk. Toyota’s desire to supplant General Motors as the world’s number-one car-maker pushed it to the outer limits of quality control. “The evidence that Toyota was expanding too much and too quickly started surfacing a couple of years ago. Not on the company's bottom line, but on its car-quality ratings...
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...Toyota Automobile Corporation Toyoya merged with Daishat SU, lexis and Scion (Toyota Motor Corporation-mergers and acquisitions). This was a horizontal merger. They all manufactured and sell cars, SUV’s and trucks. They set a global image which included being kind to earth, comfort of life, excitement for the world, and respect for all people. The Toyota was a Japanese owned company that expanded to the United States around 1988, when the first American owned factory was built. They set their principles for contribution toward a prosperous 21st century for growth in harmony with the environment ( the challenge of zero emissions). They worked on a close relationship with individuals and organizations involved in environmental preservation, and the pursuit of environmental technologies enabling the environment and economy to exist together. Their vision was toward a recycle oriented society, the age of IT, a mature society and global motorization. Their externalities and policies were: local air pollution-automobile emission declining, taxes, road and bridge maintenance, energy security, undesirable side effects, dependence on oil for gas. The concerns about the reassessment of federal automobile policies, centered around energy security, growing pressure on the federal government to curb greenhouse gases regarding global warming. Several new companies entered the market . These included Coda Automotive, The Wheego electric car, The Think, Fisher...
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...vTAREA II “Aplicación de Modelo de Índices a la Optimización de Portafolios” Participantes: Julinho Salas. Tanya Mayol. Gonzalo Muñoz. Profesor: Roberto Stein. Curso: Teoría de Finanzas. Santiago, 05 de julio de 2013 Realizamos una optimización de Portafolio, donde realizamos los siguientes pasos y concluimos lo siguiente: 1. En primer lugar seleccionamos las 10 empresas que utilizaremos para obtener un portfolio óptimo, donde escogimos las siguientes: Banco Santander AT&T, Inc. American Electric Power Co., Inc. Citigroup, Inc. Exxon Mobil Corporation Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co. Ltd. Unilever PLC Pepsico, Inc. Toyota Motor Corporation Amazon.com Inc. 2. Calculamos los , y de los precios de las acciones seleccionadas desde el año 2006 al 2012. 3. Luego de realizar el cálculo en Excel del portafolio riesgoso óptimo, obtuvimos los siguientes resultados: 4. El Beta negativo quiere decir que cuando el mercado cae el valor de nuestro portfolio tenderá a subir y en caso contrario deberá bajar. Dado lo anterior, es de esperar que ante una caída de de mercado nuestro portfolio activo no sufrirá como las carteras con betas iguales o mayores a 1, ya que es menos volátil o sensible a efectos de mercado. 5. El Sharpe ratio inferior a 1, significa que el rendimiento de nuestro portfolio óptimo es inferior al riesgo del mismo, en el caso de nuestra optimización, podemos señalar...
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