...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......................................................................................................................................... Since the Tang Dynasty, Chinese activity in Africa has been seen and has grown exponentially in the past decade. China’s enhanced role within the global economy has profound political implications across the world, but takes a particular form in Africa. Recently, there has been an ongoing move by the Chinese to tap in and secure natural resources in Africa through the Chinese-African trade and diplomatic relations. Though its growing interest in Africa has resulted in huge capital flows into the continent and increased exports of natural resources from Africa, it is the purpose of this paper to determine if this relationship is creating shared prosperity for both countries. It is also vital to outline the contexts of African crisis and Chinese expansionisms. The paper also tries to explain how Chinese renewed interest in the continent has been manifested and provides an analysis of its main effects. However, though Chinese involvement in Africa is subject to debate, it certainly does no, to a greater extent, merit accusations of neo-colonialism. It also brings with it some potential for greater socio-economic development, although this depends to...
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...economy remained weaker and some African countries saw severe domestic problems of various natures. But the world economy is improving and if the AEO 2015 predictions are right, Africa will soon be closing in on the impressive growth levels seen before the 2008/09 global economic crisis. Figure 1. Africa’s economic growth, 2002-16 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014(e) 2015(p) 2016(p) Africa Africa excluding Libya Growth rate (%) Note: (e) estimates; (p) projections. Source: Statistics Department, African Development Bank. West Africa achieved relatively high growth of 6% in 2014 despite its battle with the Ebola virus (Box 1). Nigeria’s growth of 6.3% came mainly from non-oil sectors showing that the economy is diversifying. But Southern Africa’s growth fell below 3% as the key South African economy only grew by 1.5%. Overview ii African Economic Outlook © AfDB, OECD, UNDP 2015 iii Table 1. Africa’s growth by region, 2013-16 (Real GDP growth in percent) 2013 2014 (e) 2015 (p) 2016 (p) Africa 3.5 3.9 4.5 5.0 Central Africa 4.1 5.6 5.5 5.8 East Africa 4.7 7.1 5.6 6.7 North Africa 1.6 1.7 4.5 4.4 Southern Africa 3.6 2.7 3.1 3.5 West Africa 5.7 6.0 5.0 6.1 Memorandum items: Africa excl. Libya 4.0 4.3 4.3 5.0 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) 4.7 5.2 4.6 5.4 SSA excl. South Africa 5.4 6.2 5.2 6.2 Note: (e) estimates; (p) projections. Source: Statistics Department, African Development Bank. Domestic demand has continued to boost growth in many countries...
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...OCCASIONAL PAPER NO 23 China in Africa Project January 2009 China in Mozambique: A Cautious Approach Country Case Study at io n al Af fai r s Paula Cristina Roque rn te f In eo t tit u . Ins hts can fr i ig ins South A l a Glob African perspectives. ABOUT SAIIA The South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) has a long and proud record as South Africa’s premier research institute on international issues. It is an independent, non-government think-tank whose key strategic objectives are to make effective input into public policy, and to encourage wider and more informed debate on international affairs with particular emphasis on African issues and concerns. It is both a centre for research excellence and a home for stimulating public engagement. SAIIA’s occasional papers present topical, incisive analyses, offering a variety of perspectives on key policy issues in Africa and beyond. Core public policy research themes covered by SAIIA include good governance and democracy; economic policymaking; international security and peace; and new global challenges such as food security, global governance reform and the environment. Please consult our website www.saiia.org.za for further information about SAIIA’s work. This paper is the outcome of research commissioned by SAIIA’s China in Africa Project. ABOUT THE CHINA IN AFRICA PROJECT SAIIA’s ‘China in Africa’ research project investigates the emerging relationship...
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...Impact of China-Africa Trade Relations: The Case of Angola By Dr Ron Sandrey Associate Trade Law Centre of Southern Africa Prepared for the African Economic Research Consortium Nairobi, Kenya November 2009 2 Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Hannah Edinger, Research Fellow, China Africa Network, Centre for Business and Academic Research, Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria; and Senior Manager & Head of Research at Frontier Advisory, for comments on a previous draft, and for research and editorial assistance. The author would also like to express gratitude to the African Economic Research Consortium for commissioning the research paper. 3 Table of Contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………. 4 1.1 Problem Statement…………………………………………………………………... 4 1.2 Objectives of Report……………………………………………………………….… 5 1.3 Overview of Report……………………………………………………………….….. 7 2. Background………………………………………………………………….… 9 2.1 Angola & China Country Snapshots and the background trading relationship………………………………………………………………………….… 9 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 2.1.7 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 Angola – A Country Snapshot………………………………………………………….…. China – A Country Snapshot……………………………………………………………… Angola’s trade profile………………………………………………………………………. Angola’s trade profile with China…………………………………………………………. Angola’s other trade partners……………………………………………………………… Who are the gainers and losers from Angola’s increasing merchandise trade flows?. The...
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...China’s Relations with Africa and West Name Name of Institution Tutor Date China’s Relations with Africa and West Introduction The international relations between China and countries of the West and Africa have enjoyed a long standing relationship though at different levels. Since the emergence of the People’s Republic of China, China-West and China-Africa relations have advanced continuously, as shall be demonstrated herein by the deepening relations in economic, political and cultural realms. These relations have created a new form of strategic partnerships founded on political equality, economic win-win relations, mutual trust and social-cultural exchanges. Over the last 60 years or so, China-West and China-Africa co-operations, have been based on the principles of equality, sincerity, mutual benefit and international relations development. Particularly, in Africa the co-operations have demonstrated reverence to the will of African countries, deepened relations between African and Chinese businesses and indicated a higher level of sincerity in helping African countries in their development agendas. However, this may not be the case with co-operations between China and the West due to different interest between the two entities, apparently, different from those that are experienced in Africa. Notwithstanding these different interests, a common feature on trade and economic relations have reached remarkable results and the overall effect has enabled growth in business...
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...or Western donors and China. In contrast to Western donors, China never had a presence as a colonizer in Africa. To the contrary, China played the role of a supporter in the struggle for independence of African countries. This is highlighted by a lot of Africans, particularly in response to Western criticism of China. Some Africans feel that the reactions from the West arise because Westerners fear competition from China. Consequently Western objections to China’s way of dealing with Africa, is not perceived as a result of concern for African countries, but a protection of Western political and economic interests on the African continent. The Chinese emphasize that their engagement with Africa is in fact South-South cooperation, and that it should be beneficial to both China and Africa. Rather than emphasizing its role as a donor to African countries, China considers its engagement to be a mutual benefit, leading to win-win results. Chinese aid is mainly invested in infrastructure such as roads, railways, buildings, monuments etc. This is generally very welcomed in African countries where infrastructure is often seriously underdeveloped. Many of the infrastructure projects are implemented to facilitate trade. Although all of the countries in cooperation with China are receiving some sort of aid, the size and form of the aid inflows vary. China does not disclose how much aid and investment is going into different countries, but media announcements in China give the impression that...
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...Data 02/16/2014 The mechanism behind Japanese foreign trade VS China & South Korea. Background information: After World War 2 japan recovered very rapidly and had economic boom. Japans economic growth was very high. Here is a table showing Japan’s economic growth. Behind this scenario were couple essential factors: JETRO- japans external trade organization, MITI- ministry of international trade and Industry, after renamed to METI- Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry, Sogo-Shosho independent trading houses, Japan bank for international corporation, Institute of developing economies under METI and Ministry of Finance. MITI: Combining to two different sectors under single ministry already emphasizes how long oriented and strategic meaning it carries. The main engine of Japanese economy was industry that includes- machinery, high-tech, etc… And coming to trade it is also main accumulator of Japans GPD. Japans economy relies on export mostly. Japan in early 80-90 had huge gap of budget surplus. It exported much more than it imported and that imbalance between export and imports directly influenced US economy. Japan had and still has very exclusive channel distribution. Foreign companies cannot directly sell to japan. There are many informal barriers for foreign companies. More than that Japanese companies used predatory pricing strategy wherever they go. They set aggressive pricing strategy against competitors that couldn’t survive in market. In addition to these...
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...U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2013 GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: INVESTMENT AND TRADE FOR DEVELOPMENT New York and Geneva, 2013 ii World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development NOTE The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on four decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensusbuilding, and provides technical assistance to over 150 countries. The terms country/economy as used in this Report also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The major country groupings used in this Report follow the classification of the United Nations Statistical Office. These are:...
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...U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2013 GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: INVESTMENT AND TRADE FOR DEVELOPMENT New York and Geneva, 2013 ii World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development NOTE The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on four decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensusbuilding, and provides technical assistance to over 150 countries. The terms country/economy as used in this Report also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The major country groupings used in this Report follow the classification of the United Nations Statistical Office. These are:...
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...a, CHINA IN AFRICA --SUMMARY BY MATTHIAS SUMPF Content Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 2 Main part ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Background and context ..................................................................................................................... 2 China’s approach on getting closer with Africa ................................................................................... 2 Facts and figures.................................................................................................................................. 3 Other interests .................................................................................................................................... 3 China vs. the West ............................................................................................................................... 3 Chinese emigration and its impact ...................................................................................................... 4 Africa’s relation with China ................................................................................................................. 5 The West’s reaction.......................................................................................................
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...Because of the competitive environment, the need to do the business internationally has increased. This paper provides the overview of the two countries i.e. china and South Africa. Broad description of the legal processes that were supposed to be followed by the company to initiate business in the China has been explained. Apart from this, the staffing of local and expatriate staff along with the labor organization and legislation of the foreign country has been described. Therefore, the paper provides detailed analysis of the conditions that should be kept in mind while establishing business in the foreign country. Introduction International business is a term, which is used collectively to describe issues relating to the firm’s operations with interests in numerous countries. These firms are sometimes referred as multinational corporations. The main area of concern in the international business is the cultural considerations. These considerations include dissimilarity in law and legal systems, living standards, language barriers, climate and many more (Cherunilam, 2005). All these issues need to be overcome for an MNC in order to obtain success in an overseas venture. Nationwide economic growth and globalization of the economy provide an outstanding background for businesses in China as compared to the South Africa. Nevertheless, the growth of the company and sustainability can be hampered by the factors like industry consolidation, economic reform and globalization. The...
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...on the example of South Africa Fulfilled: Kulikov Evgeny Group 2/5591 3rd year Faculty VSHEM Leader: Ph. D. in Economics, docent Grishchenko T. Saint-Petersburg 2012 Contents Contents 2 Economic inspection in South Africa 3 The New Growth Path and Industrial Policy Action Plan 8 Investment promotion and facilitation 12 South Africa’s investment landscape 16 Government management of incentives program 19 Catalogue of incentives 20 About PEST and SWOT 22 PEST analysis 23 SWOT Analysis: 26 Соnclusion 28 Sources 30 Economic inspection in South Africa Trade and investment policies are critical for addressing the development challenges of Africa and achieving sustainable economic growth for the region. EDIP's work is broadly divided into three streams: (1) Research on global economic governance in order to understand the broader impact on the region and identifying options for Africa in its participation in the international financial system. (2) Issues analysis to unpack key multilateral (World Trade Organisation), regional and bilateral trade negotiations. It also considers unilateral trade policy issues lying outside of the reciprocal trade negotiations arena as well as the implications of regional economic integration in Southern Africa and beyond. (3) Exploration of linkages between traditional trade policy debates and other sustainable development issues, such as climate change, investment, energy and food...
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...Chinese companies are winning over European multinationals in Africa - Why have Chinese companies found the emerging markets of Africa less risky and a more attractive proposition than western multinationals? - MSc BD7 Ping SUI Introduction: As an important global player and the main drive for economical growth, China’s massive investment in Africa has drawn the world’s attention. People can see European multinationals everywhere in Africa in the 80s, while now Chinese companies seem to take over the leading role. For example, in Angola, China helped to build the Angola Benguela railway, which is the longest railway Angola has had so far; in Nigeria, Chinese Telecom companies “Huawei” has a dominating presence both in fixed and wireless services by taking more than 90% of the market share. Not only can you find commodities made in China everywhere, but Chinese companies now build the infrastructures in many African countries too. On the contrary, the presence of European multinationals is not as strong as the Chinese ones: the amount of the funds flowing from Europe to Africa has decreased from 70% to 17% since the 70s; Western Europe’s share of overall international trade with Africa has decreased from 51% to 28%, while China has taken the place and become the biggest trading partner Africa has by surpassing America in 2009. Why are European MNCs less and less preset in Africa? What are the difficulties they have encountered? Do Chinese companies have same barriers...
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...today; such as the United States, countries in the European Union and Japan are at alert in the sense that, China, one of the world fastest growing economy has been considered as a new competitor in the competition of securing a long term energy supplies around the globe. As China’s economy is rapidly growing and in other to acquire the needed resources to support its rapid growth, the government have taken a great step in focusing in other part of the world to secure oil which they deemed necessary coupled with other raw materials across the world. The rising economy of China was stated to have grown in an extraordinarily large number of nine (9) per cent per annum in the last twenty five (25) years whereas its consumption of energy has been said to have doubled to the extent that it outstripped the production of domestic energy. (Africa-practice report, 2007, p.2) Significantly, to catch up with the demand of its market, the economic powerhouse has channelled its attention to Africa. A continent widely known for its social and political unrest, though Chinese active involvement in Africa is a necessary mission in other for them to secure new export market for their manufactured goods, there are several strategic ways adopted by the Chinese government in their bilateral relation with African states; however, amongst the strategic ways is by significantly carrying out investment in the continent thereby increasing and securing a mutual relationship with various African nations they...
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... Bharat Baid A-43 From BRIC to BRICS: An Overview 1. Introduction This chapter gives an overview of the country, economic and trade profiles of the BRICS with some basic sectoral and trade policy framework analysis to highlight the potential for collaboration amongst these five emerging economies. Selected trade-related excerpts of the Delhi Declaration and Action Plan of March 2012 are reproduced in the concluding The significance of BRICS lies in their potential dynamism in an otherwise gloomy global economy fraught with concerns over the near term and future prospects of the Euro Zone and the United States. Europe and the United States were drivers of economic and trade growth in the 19th and 20th centuries, respectively. The 21st century potentially belongs to BRICS and other emerging economies. 2. Country Profiles To understand and analyze BRICS as a group, it is necessary to understand how these five emerging giants spread across four continents are situated in the global context. The BRICS together accounted for over a quarter of the world’s GDP (in PPP terms) and over 40% of the global population in 2011. In terms of landmass, Russia is by far the largest in the group (it is also the largest country in the world). In terms of demographics, China closely followed by India, are the two most populous nations in the world. Together these two countries account for over one third of the world’s population BRICS, as a group...
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