...What is Traffic jam? A traffic jam is a long line of vehicles that cannot move forward because there is too much traffic, or because the road is blocked by something. The major factor behind traffic Jam in Bangladesh: There are many reasons behind traffic jam in Bangladesh. Among them some major factors are as follows: ➢ Undisciplined traffic signal in the road. ➢ Indiscipline among the road user. ➢ Might is right, everybody are free to park their vehicle on Road. ➢ No knowledge of traffic rules which encourage violating the rules. ➢ Enforcement of rules by dishonest persons who are busy in collection of illegal money from traffic rules violators. ➢ Heavy numbers of vehicle on roads. ] When the government as well as traffic department of Bangladesh Police are continuously trying to resolve the ever increasing traffic congestions in the capital city in Bangladesh, owners of Multi Storied Buildings [MSB] are continuing to further worsen the situation as most of them do not either have under-ground vehicle parking facilities in their buildings, or have already used the under-ground parking spaces for various commercial and industrial purposes. Just because of such illegal practices by the owners of such multi storied commercial and residential buildings, vehicles are parked on road sides, causing extra burden to the existing traffic congestions. On physical verification, Weekly Blitz has already located a number of multi storied buildings...
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...stucked in a traffic jam. Tension grew up in his mind because he has to attened an interview. Shafiq is not sure whether he would reach in time. Shafiq incident is not any exception in our country. Traffic jam is a big problem in Bangladesh. Improper road construction, breaking traffic rules are the two causes of traffic jam, which results in various severe problems in our life. The first reason of traffic jam, and in my opinion the most important, is improper road construction. The existing highways, roads and streets are slender and narrow. The roads are not constructed under standard and proper planning. One-way traffic system is not in every places where it is badly needed. In some cases, the roads are so damaged that it can be hardly understood whether it is a road or a pool. Moreover, when the authority repair the damage rods, it also creates a problem to the traffic system. For instance, most of the time the authority chooose the Rainy season for repairing the damaged roads. In Rainy season, traffic jam normally occurs frequently than other times and repairing the roads in this time make the situation worst. For all of these reasons, lack of proper road construction is one of the main reasons behind traffic jam. In addition, breaking the traffic rules is another cause of traffic jam. In big cities, lots of rickshaw-puller pull their rickshaws on the roads and streets. As most of the pullers are illiterate and ignorant of traffic rules, they often break the traffic rules and...
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...Reasons behind traffic jam in Dhaka city (a) City lay-out (master plan) and over-population: The causes of traffic congestion in Dhaka city are multifarious. Starting from the city itself, it is observed that the skeleton, structure and lay-out of Dhaka City are not well-planned and well-directed. Dhaka is also a highly populated city. More than one crore people live here and the figure is increasing day by day. This huge population acts as an auto-catalyst of traffic congestion in Dhaka City. (b) Inadequate and unplanned roads: Dhaka City has very inadequate road networks. For a standard city, where the minimum road requirement is 25%, Dhaka has only 7.5% road of its total area. 30% of this 7.5% road is also occupied by the hawkers, salesman and shopkeepers. A significant portion is occupied by construction materials and waste-containers of the City Corporation. As a result, vehicles do not get sufficient space to move on. Besides this, in most cases roads are serpentine rather than being straight. This ultimately breeds a number of unnecessary junctions where vehicles automatically slow down. Again, these roads are also not well constructed and regularly repaired. City Corporation, DESA, WASA, BTTB excavate the roads randomly without any integrated and central plan. Lack of proper maintenance causes the vehicle to stop without any prior notice. During the rainy season the situation becomes more critical while the roads go under water due to heavy rain. (c) Heterogeneous...
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...Definition of 'Bond Valuation' A technique for determining the fair value of a particular bond. Bond valuation includes calculating the present value of the bond's future interest payments, also known as its cash flow, and the bond's value upon maturity, also known as its face value or par value. Because a bond's par value and interest payments are fixed, an investor uses bond valuation to determine what rate of return is required for an investment in a particular bond to be worthwhile. Formula to calculate the bond valuation: pb=I/(1+Y)^1+I/(1+Y)^2+I/(1+Y)^3+..............+I/(1+Y)^n+Pn/(1+Y)^n Where, Pb=Price of the Bonds I=Interest Payments Y= Yield to Maturity Pn=Principal Payment at maturity n=Number of Periods. Concepts of Yield to Maturity: The yield to maturity, or discount rate, is the rate of return required by bondholders. The bondholder, any investor for that matter, will allow three factors to influence his or her required rate of return. 1. The Required Real Rate Of Return: This is the rate of rate of return the investor demands for giving up the current use of the fund. It is the financial ‘rent’ the investor charges for using his or her funds for one year, five years of any given period. 2. Inflation Premium: The investor requires a premium to compensate for the effect of inflation on the value of taka. 3. Risk Premium: We must add the risk premium to the risk-free rate of return. There are to types of risk: business risk and financial risk. Short-Cut formula...
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...A traffic jam is a long line of vehicles that cannot move forward because there is too much traffic, or because the road is blocked by something. The major factor behind traffic Jam in Bangladesh: There are many reasons behind traffic jam in Bangladesh. Among them some major factors are as follows: ➢ Undisciplined traffic signal in the road. ➢ Indiscipline among the road user. ➢ Might is right, everybody are free to park their vehicle on Road. ➢ No knowledge of traffic rules which encourage violating the rules. ➢ Enforcement of rules by dishonest persons who are busy in collection of illegal money from traffic rules violators. ➢ Heavy numbers of vehicle on roads. Traffic Jam and its reason at glance in Bangladesh Traffic jam is a common phenomenon in our country especially in Dhaka city, one of the mega cities in the world. It is not a problem now-a-days rather it is more than a problem because problem has some solutions that traffic jam has not. Time is the most valuable things in the twenty first centaury no doubt. And traffic jam is killing the most productive time of the people of Dhaka city. Time is going on and on and we are lagging behind. The world is becoming speedy where as we are becoming slower. It is a common scenario that in morning and evening the jam becomes bad to worse. Student pressure is another vital reason for traffic jam because kindergartens, schools, private universities and coaching centers are growing like...
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...20 or 30 minutes required. Who is responsible for this? Traffic jam is that magician. Traffic jam has become a great monster in our modern life. Traffic congestion is not only affecting our business but the education sector as well. Students cannot do other tasks such as photocopying or collecting notes before attending class in the morning because a lot of time gets wasted on traffic congestions. It wastes lot of working hours of students as well as teachers. In many occasions, students and teachers fail to attend classes in due time. And it is more painful when students fail to reach exam halls and fails just due to a social problem. Now just think everyday how much national time is wasting, how much economical activities are losing, for the traffic congestion problem. This assignment is focusing current situation of traffic congestion problem in Dhaka city. What is Traffic jam? A traffic jam is a long line of vehicles that cannot move forward because there is too much traffic, or because the road is blocked by something. Over the last few years the traffic congestion problem of Dhaka City has visibly been deteriorating steadily. Limited resources, invested for the development of transport facilities, such as infrastructure and vehicles, coupled with the rapid rise in transport demand, existence of old transport and also huge number of non-motorized vehicles on roads, lack of application of adequate and proper traffic management schemes are producing severe transport problems...
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...Traffic Jam in Dhaka City Over the last few years the transportation problem of Dhaka City has visibly been deteriorating steadily. Citizens constantly complain about the unbearable twin problems of traffic jam and air pollution. Democracy watch decided to address this problem through an opinion poll covering around eight hundred households randomly selected from several purposively selected neighbourhoods of the city, representatives of middle and lower income areas. The questions asked focused mainly on three issues: (a) the nature of the problem as perceived by the surveyed residents, (b) their understanding about the causes of these problems and (c) their recommendations on solutions to these perceived problems. Some preliminary results from this survey were presented at a workshop, which was participated by persons associated with the formulation and implementation of traffic policies, rules and programmes .This Draft Final Report benefits from valuable discussion and comments received at the workshop. The methodology of this survey is explained below in brief. It is easy to see that the study extended beyond a standard opinion poll and entered the arena of investigative research in seeking some explanations to perceptions as well as behaviour. The findings are presented mainly in the form of self-explanatory tables with some introductory highlights and conclusions. A further extension of the survey is currently being completed to cover the very poor and the...
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...based on the most happening concern of Dhaka city- Traffic congestion. Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh is burdened with many different problems, namely housing problem, sanitation problem and problem related to water logging, etc. Yet, among many other problems, the city has been experiencing severe traffic-problem which is a common phenomenon in our daily life. Dhaka city situation is more alarming mainly due to vehicular movement and traffic jam. There are different types of vehicular namely, car, bus, jeep, truck, minibus, microbus, auto-rickshaw, tempo, mini-truck, motorcycles and innumerable numbers of rickshaws. There are many reasons behind traffic jam in Bangladesh. Among them some major factors are as follows: • Undisciplined traffic signal in the road. • Indiscipline among the road user. • Might is right, everybody are free to park their vehicle on Road. • No knowledge of traffic rules which encourage violating the rules. • Enforcement of rules by dishonest persons who are busy in collection of illegal money from traffic rules violators. • Heavy numbers of vehicle on roads. Time is the most valuable things in the twenty first centaury no doubt. And traffic jam is killing the most productive time of the people of Dhaka city. Time is going on and on and we are lagging behind. The world is becoming speedy where as we are becoming slower. To reduce traffic jam we can take steps such as: • Have a good public...
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...Assignment Of Project Management On An improved proposal of reducing and solving Traffic problem from Dhaka city Prepared For Mohamed Emran Hossain Course teacher Department of business administration Faculty of Business and Economics Daffodil International University Prepared By Name | ID | Yeasser Ahammed | 091-11-856 | Saqib Ahmed Arif | 091-11-804 | Shaila Afrin | 091-11-823 | Md. Sumon Ali | 091-11-761 | Md. Sohel Rana | 091-11-812 | Section: A Batch: 22nd Date of submission: 22nd July 2012 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL July 22nd, 2012 Mohamed Emran Hossain Course teacher Department of business and administration Faculty of Finance and Economics Daffodil International University Dear Sir, As per our course requirement, we have prepared our report “An improved proposal of reducing and solving Traffic problem from Dhaka city”. We are grateful to you for selecting this topic. This topic has given us the wonderful opportunity to work with real project. Beyond any doubt it has enriched our knowledge and increased our experience. This report enabled us to get acquainted with the real life project problem in Bangladesh. We hope you will appreciate our sincere effort. We have tried our level best to gather and show all necessary information relevant to the topic. Our report may suffer from some unintentional mistakes due to inexperience. I hope you will consider my inexperience and this report will meet the standard of your judgment. Sincerely yours Yeasser Ahammed On...
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...Term Paper on Traffic Jam in Bangladesh TERM PAPER ON Traffic Jam in Dhaka City Prepared For Mohd. H.R. Joarder United International University Prepared By MD. Aminul Islam Ariful islam MD. Mesbahuddin Shahanaz Parvin Mou Jeenniifeerr Islam Date of submission Name of Group Members Letter of Transmittal May 5, 2012 Mohd. H.R. Joarder Faculty School of Business Administration United International University Dear Sir, It is a great pleasure for us to submit our Term papers on “Traffic Jam in Dhaka city”. It is a great opportunity for us to implement the knowledge that we have learned in our academic career to work a Term papers on “Traffic Jam in Dhaka city”. We try our level best to make this Term papers to the required standard. We hope that this report will fulfill your expectation. We therefore, hope that you would be kind enough to go through this report for evaluation Sincerely yours ------------------------- --------------------- -------------------- MD. Aminul Islam Ariful Islam Shahanaz Parvin Mou ----------------- ------------------- Jennifer Islam MD. Mesbah...
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...our day-to-day life. And as such, the bad effect of traffic jam can better be understood than described. So movements on the roads and streets must strictly be regulated by certain rules, which we call traffic rules. Vehicles must keep to the left, obey speed limits and should avoid overtaking and follow the traffic signals. If these rules are followed strictly, the vehicles can go on smoothly without causing any traffic jam. But most often than not, there is glaring carelessness about these rules. As a result, the common people pay very dearly for it. People lose their time on their way for nothing. Sometimes we feel inclined to think that our government and the people at the helm of these affairs are very indifferent to such vital problems. Something positive must be done to relieve the people from such problems. Traffic congestion is a condition on road networks that occurs as use increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queuing. The most common example is the physical use of roads by vehicles. When traffic demand is great enough that the interaction between vehicles slows the speed of the traffic stream, congestion is incurred. As demand approaches the capacity of a road (or of the intersections along the road), extreme traffic congestion sets in. When vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time, this is colloquially known as a traffic jam. Consequences of Traffic jam: At rush hour, a distance of three to four kilometres...
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...NOISE POLLUTION IN DHAKA: CURRENT SITUATION AND SUGGESTIONS FOR ACTION Amit Ranjan Dey Nazneen Kabir Debra Efroymson Work for a Better Bangladesh House #49, Road #4/A Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1209 tel. 966-9781 fax (8802) 862-9271 wbb@pradeshta.net http://wbb.globalink.org Report Highlights □ 97% of students reported that their studying is disrupted by horns. □ 86% of the general population consider noise pollution a big problem; only 1% said it is not a problem. □ Among the general population, 78% experience aggravation, 71% experience headaches, 49% bad temper, 43% difficulty concentration and trouble sleeping, and 33% experience hearing problems from noise pollution. □ 45% of drivers say they honk in traffic jams. □ The general public strongly support actions to reduce noise pollution, with the vast majority supporting improved traffic control, banning industrial activity and brick breaking machines in urban areas, placing limits on the decibels allowed in different areas, and banning miking for processions, advertising, and election campaigns. METHODOLOGY Survey During the months of May and June 2002, Work for a Better Bangladesh (WBB) surveyed a total of 2,500 people—500 drivers, 1,000 students, and 1,000 members of the general public—to understand their opinions about noise pollution, the problems they experience, and what they feel should be done. Focus group In order to gain better understanding of people’s feelings...
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...grateful to you for rendering us the opportunity of working on such an interesting field. If you need any clarification regarding this report, we shall be available for this. Thanking you. Yours sincerely, ID | Name | | | | | | | | | | | Term Paper On “Self-Ride” Bicycle Renting “Take a cycle and have a sound journey” Executive Summary The current situation of Dhaka city in because of traffic jam and growing demand of bicycle pushes us towards starting bicycle renting business which in one side will decrease the traffic jam on the other side bicycle will also be available to all. TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE NUMBERS AND TITLES OF CONTENTS No. | Name of content | Page no. | 1. | Title Fly | | | Title page | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Introduction Now a days it's becoming tougher to move on the road because of traffic...
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...Transport Planning of Dhaka City: Some Contemporary Observations Adil Mohammed Khan; Assistant Professor; Department of Urban and Regional Planning; Jahangirnagar University; E-mail: adilmdkhan@yahoo.com Dr. Md Akter Mahmud; Professor; Department of Urban and Regional Planning; Jahangirnagar University; E-mail: aktermahmud@yahoo.com Abstract Traffic problem of Dhaka City is one of the major problems of the city that the city dwellers are facing in their everyday life. Despite all the planning programs and projects, designed by the successive governments, the situation is getting worse day by day. Hence, some underlying questions related to traffic and transport system of the Dhaka city are quite important here. Whether transport planning and management were given proper attention in the past years? What were the past planning efforts regarding transport and traffic in Dhaka city? Why these efforts have proved to be unsuccessful for better transport management of Dhaka city and what are the shortcomings of those plans? However, Strategic transport plan (STP) for Dhaka city has been approved in 2005 for an period of twenty years up to 2025. STP has proposed for installation of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) as a solution of transport problems of Dhaka City among ten alternative transportation strategies. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the existing plans and programs designed for efficient transport system of Dhaka city, to examine...
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...“Consumers attitude towards cycling in Bangladesh” Date of Submission 05-05-2015 Please go to the next page TABLE OF CONTENTS Page numbers Chapter 4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 5 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM 5 2.1 ORIGIN OF THE REPORT 5 2.2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLE 6 CHAPTER 3: OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 6 3.1 BROAD OBJECTIVE 6 3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 6 3.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 7 CHAPTER 4: APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM 10 CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH DESIGN 12 CHAPTER 6: METHODOLOGY 13 CHAPTER 7: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 23 CHAPTER 8: LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH 24 CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 25 Chapter 10: Research questionnaire Please go to the next page Chapter 1: Introduction The People’s Republic of Bangladesh was founded as a constitutional, secular, democratic, multiparty, parliamentary republic. After independence, Bangladesh endured periods of poverty and famine, as well as political turmoil and military coups. The restoration of democracy in 1991 has been followed by economic progress and relative political calm. Bangladesh is the world's eighth most populous country, as well as one of the world's most densely populated countries. Bangladesh is going through lot of obstacle such as poverty, unemployment, political instability, corruption, traffic congestions and climate change. In addition, structural changes in rural Bangladesh have incited rapid economic migration with the related complexities of...
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