...Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters, and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode. Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air...
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...Transport is considered in Agenda 21 in the context of several chapters, including, among others, Chapter 9 on Atmosphere and Chapter 7 on Human Settlements. In undertaking the five-year review of the implementation of Agenda 21 during its nineteenth Special Session in 1997, the General Assembly noted that, over the next twenty years, transportation is expected to be the major driving force behind a growing world demand for energy. It is the largest end-use of energy in developed countries and the fastest growing one in most developing countries. Furthermore, adequate, efficient, and effective transport systems are important for access to markets, employment, education and basic services critical to poverty alleviation. Current patterns of transportation development are not sustainable and may compound both environmental and health problems. There is, therefore, a need for urgent action, ranging, inter alia, from the promotion of integrated transport policies and plans, the accelerated phase-out of leaded gasoline, the promotion of voluntary guidelines and the development of partnerships at the national level for strengthening transport infrastructure, promoting and supporting the use of non-motorised transport and developing innovative mass transit schemes. Within the framework of the Commission’s multi-year programme of work, transport was discussed by the Commission at its ninth session in 2001. Countries agreed that international co-operation is required in order to...
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...The Projected Main Mode Travel Share Trend for Gauteng 2040 Daniel Pillay 201060830 LeLani Le Fleur 200623816 Hlalanathi Sishi 920045519 Sifiso Mhlongo 200514389 This assignment is submitted in partial fulfillment Of the requirements of the Bachelor of Technology Degree in Transport Management In the Department of Transport and Supply Chain Management Faculty of Management At the University of Johannesburg April 2014 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Background 3 Research Statement 4 Body 5 Car/Driver Passenger 5 Mini Bus/Taxis 7 Walk 8 Bicycle 9 Train 12 Bus 16 Conclusion 19 Bibliography 20 1. Introduction Background Information The South African economy has seen phenomenal changes in the economic environment that it operates in and the Government has taken the initiative to align the country to conform to international standards to become a competitive and relevant role player in the global markets. In all economies, transportation infrastructure and modes is the vital key to the progress of any country. South Africa comprises of 9 different provinces of which Gauteng is the dominant generator of all South African GDP. Labor is the main source required for the creation of GDP and in that context transportation to and from their place of residence to the place of employment is critical. This research addresses to modal share trends that would likely to take place based on the statistical information extract from...
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...Air transport is the most modern means of transport which is unmatched by its speed, time- saving and long-distance operation. It is very important for a large country like India. Through it one can easily reach to remote and inaccessible areas like mountains, forests, deserts etc. It is very useful during the times of war and natural calamities like floods, earthquakes, famines, epidemics, hostility and collapse of law and order. The beginning of the air transport was made in 1911 with a 10 km air mail service between Allahabad and Naini. The real progress was achieved in 1920 when some aerodromes were constructed and the Tata Sons Ltd. started operating internal air services (1922). Flying clubs were opened in Delhi, Karachi, Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1928. In 1933 another company Indian National Airways was constituted to serve between Karachi and Lahore. In 1938 .the Empire Air Mail Service was introduced to carry mail between the empire countries. In 1946, the Government set up the Air transport Licensing Board which granted 11 licenses. At the time of Independence 4 companies were operating their air services (Tata Sons Ltd., Indian National Airways, Air Services of India and Deccan Airways). By 1951 there were 4 new entrants: (Bharat Airways, Himalayan Aviation Ltd., Airways India, and Kalinga Airlines). Airports India has international airports besides 87 aerodromes divided into major, intermediate and minor categories. Its 5 major international...
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...TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Introduction · Desires of the people to move Need for goods: demand for Transportation. Transportation affects everyone on earth, on a daily basis. People, countries, governments, business, whole economy rely on effective, reliable transportation in one form or another. Major Transportation Systems Highways Car, Bus, Truck, non- motorized ..etc Railways Passenger and Goods Airways Aviation and freight carrier Waterways Ships, boats… Continuous Flow systems Pipelines,belts..etc Merits and Demerits: Based on accessibility, mobility, cost, tonnage.. Highways/ Road Transportation Oldest mode Foot paths- animal ways, cart path…….. As civilization evolved the need for transportation increased India (5,000 BC) Egypt (3,000 BC) Greece and Babylonia (2,000 BC) Romans (500 BC) ROMANS OCCUPIED BRITAIN IN 55BC 5000KM OF ROADS BUILT IN 150 YEARS RADIATED FROM CAPITAL LONDON AND EXTENDING TO WALES AND EXTENDING TO SCOTLAND LEGIONS WITHDRAWN IN AD407 BREAKDOWN OF ROADS FOLLOWED DURING MIDDLE AGES, RIVERS AND SEAS –A RELIABLE MAJOR TRADE ARTERIES WHEELS OF CARTS DAMAGED THE EARTH ROAD FAST LENGTH OF STONE PAVED STREETS BUILT FOR CONNECTING RURAL AREAS FOR PROVISION STAGECOACH SERVICE WAS INTRODUCED IN UK IN 1755? HORSES WERE CHANGED AT REGULARLY SPACED POST HOUSES COACH WITH IRON SPRING MADE THE RIDE COMFORTABLE Contribution towards road development TWO MAJOR TYPES OF PAVEMENT IN EARLY DAYS Thomas Telfold...
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...Public Transport vs. Private Transport Nowadays people from all over the world are suffering from the air pollution. One of the reasons of such situation is the constantly increasing car usage. Are we able to do something in order to encourage people not to use private cars or to use them less? To be honest, there are only several things we can do. Among them is propaganda of the risks caused by the private cars usage. We can provide people with the main benefits they can get by using public transport and make the transportation prices more affordable. First of all, advertisement is a very powerful “weapon”. Many people can remember the ad they saw several years ago. Advertisement has a very strong effect. It can impress people, influence their thoughts and even change them. Of course, it is impossible to encourage all people from all over the world to use public transport only. But still a certain number of people will definitely give up using cars and will give preferences to the public transport as time goes by. Moreover, we can also provide people with the benefits they can get from usage of public transport. For example, it is possible to provide those people who use public transport with the 20% discount when they need to buy something. Also, it is possible to implement special cards that will be some kinds of an opportunity to change bus to train for free. As a final point, let’s take a look at one more thing we can provide people with in order to encourage them to...
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...FUTURE FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT BECAUSE TRAVELLING BY CAR IS MUCH MORE CONVINENT . These days, more and more people are using their own cars to commute. The increasing number of vehicles in our cities contributes to the high levels of pollution in the air . When faced with taking private cars or public transport , people react in different ways. In this essay I will discuss the arguments for and against using private cars or public transport . People prefer private cars to public transport for several reasons. Firstly, they think that private cars are faster than public transport since you don’t have to spend your precious time waiting for a bus . A bus-shelter crammed with people. Secondly, you can go direct from work to home without stopping time and time again to pick people up. Finally, there are people who don’t like to share their space with unknown persons , and they don’t like standing up during their journey - take buses as an example, in rush hours, it is very difficult to find a spare seat and eventually you end up grasping a hand bar and trying to keep your balance so at not to not be flung around when the bus brakes. On the other hand , there are other people who prefer public transport to private cars...
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...imposes costs on third parties. In transport negative externalities can damage the result in an increased amount of carbon dioxide and other pollutants, which damage the environment, create noise pollution, and add to congestion. These create costs. Congestion on the roads costs fuel and time. It also results as a side effect in more pollution. The estimate annual external cost of road congestion in the UK is £18 billion. To prevent road congestion, road are always being improved and new roads are always being built. This however costs the government and therefore the tax payer even more money and therefore an increasing amount of people and therefore cars on the roads have a massive effect on the economy and the population as a whole. More roads being built will also create visual and noise pollution and in the short term could increase the road congestion during the time that the roads are being built due to lower speed limits and also the road works. Negative Externalities caused by transport * Accidents can cause congestion and when roads are congested, cars produce more CO2 as they are waiting in queue with their engines still running. Congestion also costs time and productivity as commuters and other people on business could be late and effect many other people. Also congestion would harm the haulage industry as it may make their deliveries late. * Air pollution is mainly in the form of CO2 emissions and all modes of transport contribute to air pollution; some produce...
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...Urban Transport through Private Participation in Accra A study of urban transport planning and traffic management for the greater Accra metropolitan area A pre-feasibility study for a potential bus rapid transit project in Accra A pre-feasibility study covering, inter alia, passengers’ willingness to pay for transport service improvements and their implied value of time Accra is the largest city in Ghana. The conurbation comprising the Greater Accra Region, Tema municipality and Ga district, has a population of over three million. Bus system characteristics The vast majority of public transport services in Accra are provided by the informal sector. The only formal bus transport undertaking operating is the newly established Metro Mass Transit Ltd. In 1996, the government decided to privatize its passenger transport undertakings but was unable to find buyers for these businesses at the time, which resulted in their continuing decline in the absence of new investment. Urban public transport services were largely replaced by private sector provision of para-transit, known locally as tro-tro. Currently about 6,000 tro-tro operate each day. This industry was consolidated by the Ghana Private Road Transport Union (GPRTU) and some smaller bodies. The current administration re-affirmed the market liberalization of the economy, and the primacy of the private sector in service delivery, but has been reluctant to relinquish control over public transport fares...
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...International Tourism and Transport Assignment One: BX660020 Scotland By: To: Word count: 2,459 Date: 23/03/2012 1.0 Introduction The purpose of this report is to examine and discuss land, air and sea transport modes with reference to examples of each type of transportation. The importance of these transport modes will be analysed with reference to regional, national and international networks including supply and demand. The importance of these networks will then be critically evaluated. The country that will be analysed will be Scotland. Scotland is the most northerly of the four parts of the United Kingdom and occupies about one third of the island of Great Britain. “Scotland is bounded by England to the south, the Atlantic Ocean to the west and north, and the North Sea to the east”(Alice Brown 2012) . A map of Scotland can be seen below in blue. (http://m.wikitravel.org/en/UK) With a population of 5,169,000 (2008), a total land mass of 77,925(sq. km) and the fact that it is made up of over 790 islands an extensive transport system is needed for locals to get around and tourists to see the country (Alice Brown 2012). As stated in the Scotland National Transport Strategy “Transport is an essential part of economic activity. Infrastructure, roads, rail, airports and ports – and the businesses that use these assets - are all vital components of Scotland’s economy. Transport has a significant and positive contribution...
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...* Inland transport……………………………………………………………………………………………………2 * Inland transport modes…………………………………………………………………………………………2 * Road freight …………………………………………………………………………………………….2 * Railway freight………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 * Inland waterways……………………………………………………………………………………. 2 * Component of transport system.…………………………………………………………………………..8 * Classification of inland transport network……………………………………………………………. 9 * Road network………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 * Railway network…………………………………………………………………………………….. 10 * Inland waterways……………………………………………………………………………………. 11 * Classification and types of inland transport vehicle……………………………………………...11 * Inland transport operator……………………………………………………………………………………..15 * CVO………………………………………………………………………………………………………….15 * Classification of different types of cargo……………………………………………………………….16 * Inland transport * Limited to the land, or to inland routes; within the seashore boundary; not passing on, or over, the sea; as, inland transportation, commerce, navigation, etc. * Confined to a country or state; domestic; not foreign; as, an inland bill of exchange * Consists of road network, railway network and inland water ways, within the land; more or less remote from the ocean or from open water; interior; as, an inland town. * Inland cargo transport modes 1. Road freight A road is an identifiable route of travel, usually surfaced with gravel...
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...Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Faculty of Science (Academic Year 2013/2014) May 2013 Tri-Mester UDPL 2333 TRANSPORT PLANNING AND DEMAND ANALYSIS GROUP ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Course Details Course | : Bachelor of Science (Hons) Logistics and International Shipping | Year and Semester | : Y2T2, Y2T3 | Tutorial Group | : T1 | Tutor’s Name | : En. Mohamad Fared bin Mohamad Makmor | Lecturer’s Name | : En. Mohamad Fared bin Mohamad Makmor | Assignment Detail Topic : Land Public Transport Commission (SPAD) Due Date : Monday, 26th. August 2013, Week 14 Important Note : Submission of assignment is the responsibility of the students. Student Details Name | Student ID | 1. Ho Kah Sing | 1003725 | 2. Lim Ji Wei | 1201176 | 3. Lim Jia Yap | 1005132 | 4. Ng Joe Yee | 1002691 | 5. Sow Szu Jie | 1200926 | 6. Yap Hui Woon | 1200685 | Assignment overall marks: Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Faculty of Science (Academic Year 2013/2014) May 2013 Tri-Mester UDPL 2333 TRANSPORT PLANNING AND DEMAND ANALYSIS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) LOGISTICS AND INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING YEAR 2, TRIMESTER 2 MARKING SCHEME FOR GROUP ASSIGNMENT No. | Guideline Criteria | Rating | Actual Score | 1. | Company Background | 2 marks | | 2. | Analysis | 5 marks | | 3. | Strategy Analysis | 3 marks | | 4. | Recommendations | 6 marks | | 5. | Conclusion | 2 marks | | | Project Organization | 2 marks | | |...
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...Preparations for container transport Measurement has to be taken before the container loading and unloading and as well as returning of containers. Every container shipped on International routes must have a valid CSC plate, as provided in accordance with the International Convention on Safe Containers, dated 02.12.1972. Containers are controlled at every interchange. A careful check must be carrying out. Container before loading External Checklist: (a) There are no holes or cracks in walls, floor or roof. (b) Door are easy to operate. (c) Locking devices must be in orderly condition. (d) No self-adhesive labels from previous cargo except dangerous stickers are permitted only if there are dangerous goods in the container. Internal Checklist: (a) Container is proof against condensation water. Possible test method is entering the container, close both doors and check whether any light comes through cracks, holes or door seals. (b) Container is completely dry inside. (c) Container is free of dirt and cargo residue, clean and odorless. Checking container after loading The following points must be checked after packing: (a) The container is packed to meet the requirements of the cargo, to withstand the probable stress during transport and meet the requirements of the container itself. The weight of the cargo must not exceed the maximum load limit of the container. (b) A copy of the packing list for customs inspections must be displayed...
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...Innovative Urban Transport Concepts 1 Co pt C cepts Concepts NICHES is a Coordination Action funded by the European Commission under the Sixth Framework Programme for R&D, Priority 6.2 Sustainable Surface Transport Index Learn from Innovative Experiences with NICHES New Seamless Mobility Services Urban Lift-sharing Services Public Bicycles ..................................................................... 3 4 4 6 8 10 10 12 14 16 16 18 20 22 22 24 26 28 ..................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................... Call-a-bus Services ................................................................................................................................................................................... Innovative Approaches in City Logistics Space Management for Urban Delivery Inner-city Night Delivery ........................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................
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...Stateline Shipping and Transport Company School of Business MAT 540 This paper was presented in submission for MAT 540 assignment four (Part 1 Only). Abstract This paper serves as a written response to the instructions and questions asked in assignment four. Assignment four instructed the writer to read the case problem Stateline Shipping and Transport Company from pages 273-274 in the text, Introduction to Management Science by Bernard W. Taylor. The assignment then directed the writer to Formulate and Solve and linear transportation programming model, this step was done in QM. The linear programming model is attached herein. Keywords: Linear Programming, Transportation, Shipping, Model Introduction This Case Problem, Stateline Shipping and Transport Company, is based on a girl named Rachel Sundusky who is a manager of the South-Atlantic office for Stateline Shipping and Transport (Taylor, 2010). Rachel is negotiating a contract with Polychem an industrial use chemical company (Taylor, 2010). Polychem has six sites that it would like for Stateline to pick up waste from (Taylor, 2010). Polychem would then like for Stateline to transport the waste for disposal to one of three sites (Taylor, 2010). Polychem has agreed to handle all of the waste at all sites therefore Stateline needs only transport the materials and incur costs for the same (Taylor, 2010). Rachel would like to see what the less costly shipping routes are (Taylor, 2010). Rachel will need all of the...
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