...12 PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE (Cont..) (Cont..) MATURITY MATURITY OVER PERIOD OF 100 YEARS , RACHED ITS MATURITY OVER PERIOD OF 100 YEARS , RACHED ITS MATURITY LEVEL. LEVEL. MARKET SHARE BECOMINS ALMOST STAGNENT. MARKET SHARE BECOMINS ALMOST STAGNENT. SOME CUSTOMERS BECAME LOYAL WHILE SOME WENT SOME CUSTOMERS BECAME LOYAL WHILE SOME WENT FOR NEW PRODUCTS. FOR NEW PRODUCTS. SAME BRAND IMAGE LIMITED CONSUMER BASE. SAME BRAND IMAGE LIMITED CONSUMER BASE. DECLINE STAGE DECLINE STAGE SOAP MARKET FAIRLY SLUGGISH IN 2001. SOAP MARKET FAIRLY SLUGGISH IN 2001. LIFEBOUY SHARE DECLINED MORE THAN MARKET LIFEBOUY SHARE DECLINED MORE THAN MARKET DECLINE. DECLINE. 15- 20% DECLINE IN VOLUME OF SALE. 15- 20% DECLINE IN VOLUME OF SALE. REVIVAL PROMOTION INICIATIAVES INICIATIAVES LIFEBOUY NO LONGER A ‘CARBOLIC SOAP’. LIFEBOUY NO LONGER A ‘CARBOLIC SOAP’. ITS NOW A TOILET SOAP WITH DIFFERENT ITS NOW A TOILET SOAP WITH DIFFERENT ‘HEALTH’ FRAGANCE. ‘HEALTH’ FRAGANCE. SIZE, FORMULATION, PACKING, PERFUME HAD SIZE, FORMULATION, PACKING, PERFUME HAD UNDERGONE SEA CHANGE. UNDERGONE SEA CHANGE. FEOM FOCUS ON MALE, NOW FOCUS IS ON FEOM FOCUS ON MALE, NOW FOCUS IS ON WHOLE FAMILY. WHOLE FAMILY. REGAINED ITS POSITIO AS STRONGEST BRAND IN REGAINED ITS POSITIO AS STRONGEST BRAND IN SOAP MARKET. SOAP MARKET. MARKET SHARE SOLD IN INDIA FROM 1895. SOLD IN INDIA FROM 1895. OFFICIALY LAUNCHED IN 1935. OFFICIALY LAUNCHED IN 1935. SALE OF 5 Bn OVER WORLD IN A...
Words: 543 - Pages: 3
...McDonald’s Corp has been experiencing some difficult times. Their fourth quarter profits have declined, from 1.4 billion the previous year and revenue has also fallen by almost 10%. It is shocking that the “world’s largest restaurant chain by sales,” quoted almost a 25% drop in earning in the 4th quarter. This decline has come as a result of the following challenges that are expected to last well into the first half of 2015- changes in consumer taste as well as McDonald’s mistakes with its menu. McDonald’s has discovered that it has lost customers to healthier food options as well as to its more prosperous competitors. In an attempt to improve itself, McDonald’s has produced the following goals: 1. Menu Cutbacks 2. More customizable options and 3. Image repair. In order to achieve the above goals, McDonald’s has launched a new campaign, rebranding its “I’m loving it” slogan. They have also reduced their number of store openings in the “hardest-hit markets,” thus enabling McDonald’s to invest that money into kiosks in order to reach the younger population. Additionally, McDonald’s has decided to sell some of their restaurants to franchisees, therefore reducing their experiences with risk. Lastly, McDonald’s has decided that they will not continue to increase their menu prices in order to offset cost. While McDonald’s continues to make the necessary changes, it is understood that their earnings will reflect the fluctuations of such. Although McDonald’s may be experiencing...
Words: 314 - Pages: 2
...Even though centuries have passed since the very first bicycle was invented, the popularity of bicycles does not seem to decline with the lapse of time. Not only are they the indispensable means of transportation in most parts of the world, but they also evolved into a recreational sport which plentiful health benefits come along. However, the need for using bicycles for travel in a modern transportation system, especially that of an urban area, has been questioned in recent years with respect to its cost-effectiveness. In this essay, I examine both the benefits and drawbacks of the use of bicycles in public transport and form a brief conclusion based on my stance on this issue. Some advocates argue that cycling can greatly reduce the air pollution in Hong Kong. The air quality in urban areas of Hong Kong is worsening each day due to detrimental emissions and pollutants produced by the heavy traffic volume, which mainly consists of motor vehicles. Hitchcock and Vedrenne (2014) consider bicycles to be promising alternatives for motor vehicles in an effort to improve the air quality of urban areas, since they are low-carbon and human-powered vehicles that produce zero emissions when ridden. Indeed, bicycles are more environmental-friendly than motor vehicles, but its effectiveness in making a difference to the general air quality remains questionable. The findings from the research conducted by Rakowska et al. (2014) imply that reducing the portion of motor vehicles in...
Words: 1020 - Pages: 5
...Hotels and catering service are also provided to the customers as well as crew members in different destination of its operations. Qantas need to maintain a fairly good communication with its suppliers to achieve the competitive edge. Bargaining power of buyers: Medium to Decline Buyers for Qantas consist of business travellers, leisure travellers, budget travellers, travel agents, holiday providers and many others. The expectations of the customer have grown over time as they demand value for every dollar spent. Technology developments also allow firms and individuals to forward integrate with ease and led to reduction in buyer power. Threat of Substitutes: Low The other forms of transportation like railway, buses, ships, personal transportation are the direct substitutes for persons who are not concerned about travelling fast and reaching destination on time. Indirect substitutes such as Tele conferencing, online chatting and VOIP will increase the power of substitutes as they save time and money for the customers who are flying. Threat of Entrants: Low Extremely high fixed initial costs along with high government regulatory requirements lift the entry threshed for the air transportation industry. High competition and the dominant powers of existing large players create high chances of retaliation. Rivalries: Medium to High Qantas observes sever competition from Virgin Australia domestically and a number of low cost airlines internationally such as China...
Words: 291 - Pages: 2
...Article: ATA reports decline in December passenger revenue, increase in November cargo traffic. http://air-transport.org In this article the “Air Transportation association of America” (ATA), they reported that passengers revenue, based on an example of group of carries it drop 4% in the month of December in comparison to the month of December in the year 2008. Fewer passengers traveled on U.s airlines, while the average price to fly on mile fell more than 2%. Most of this market fell in Trans-pacific side. Among the cargo airlines or traffic the measure of revenue grew 7% over year. This percentage was divide in 2% domestically and 11% international. The percentage was drive primarily because of the increase of international trade. The increase was observed from July 2008.in agreement with the author. Annually, the commercial aviation helps drive more than $1 trillion in the U.S economy and nearly, But with nearly 26,000 flights in eighty country, using more than 6,000 airplanes an average of two million passengers and 50,000 tons of cargo. The cargo industry for sure has made an increase in their revenue. The author supported to this evidence of the increase revenue. The author include that for the year of 2009, the revenue for passenger airlines dropped or declined 18 percent compare to the one of 2008. This drop includes 6% drop in passengers, and the drop in the average to fly one mile. This decrease exceeded the one observed from 2000-2001. The only logical omissions...
Words: 310 - Pages: 2
...AUV Rivalry of Development and Survival In and Out of the Road The Case of Transport Industry in Metro Manila Philippines Candy Lim Chiu, MBA, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Hiromi Shioji, D. Econ, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ABSTRACT The Public Utility Jeepney (PUJ) industry’s days are numbered despite the fact that it is an epitome of Philippine ingenuity on hybrid vehicle, cheap transportation, means of livelihood and employment generator that spans more than 50 years as the King of the Road. Its detour in the Philippine economy continue to be challenge by factors such as indirect government support, environmental issues, social demands, economic crisis, transport competition and entrance of substitution of Asian Utility Vehicle (AUV) that collide from all direction living the industry in jeopardy. This paper examines the similarities, differences and trends of transport business and industry in the Philippines concentrating to two major rival mode namely PUJ and AUV where it present diverse lessons to be shared for future studies of transportation business and industry around the globe. Ultimately, it aims to make recommendation on measures of ensuring a level of playing field between the players with the existence of substantial economic potential, industry improvement and concrete policy instrument. INTRODUCTION From downtown city of Metro Manila famously overcrowded public utility vehicles (PUV) headed by the legendary Public Utility...
Words: 10276 - Pages: 42
...Based on an analysis of the last six months’ sales, your boss notices that sales of beef products are declining in your chain’s restaurants. As beef entrée sales decline, so do profits. Fearing beef sales have declined due to several newspaper stories reporting E. coli contamination discovered at area grocery stores, he suggests a survey of all area restaurants to see if the situation is persuasive. a. What do you think of this research suggestion? b. How if at all, could you improve on your boss’s formulation of the research question? There are many possible reasons that beef sales may be declining. Of the many possibilities the e coli contamination could be one of them but I would be cautious of assuming the situation is due to e coli news coverage. First I would also clarify the objective of the research. I would have to assume that my boss isn’t concerned that the local population isn’t eating enough beef. I would have to assume that the beef sales translate into something else that concerns my boss, such as a lower margin per entrée or lower revenues being generated by the store. Clarifying what the actual problem is would be my first step. Before surveying area restaurants I would begin with analyzing the data collected at my establishment. Are the customers in our store choosing options other than beef or do we just have fewer customers? An issue could be that customers are looking for healthier options. There could also be a local vegetarian or vegan...
Words: 381 - Pages: 2
...transport Tuesday, 1 January, 2013 2:29 PM Transportation and Economic Development Authors: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Theo Notteboom1. The Economic Importance of Transportation Like many economic activities that are intensive in infrastructures, the transport sector is an important component of the economy impacting on development and the welfare of populations. When transport systems are efficient, they provide economic and social opportunities and benefits that result in positive multipliers effects such as better accessibility to markets, employment and additional investments. When transport systems are deficient in terms of capacity or reliability, they can have an economic cost such as reduced or missed opportunities. Efficient transportation reduces costs, while inefficient transportation increases costs. The impacts of transportation are not always intended, and can have unforeseen or unintended consequences such as congestion. Transport also carries an important social and environmental load, which cannot be neglected.The added value and employment effects of transport services usually extend beyond employment and added value generated by that activity; indirect effects are salient. For instance, transportation companies purchase a part of their inputs from local suppliers. The production of these inputs generates additional value-added and employment in the local economy. The suppliers in turn purchase goods and services from other local firms. There are further...
Words: 8842 - Pages: 36
...Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters, and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode. Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air...
Words: 2654 - Pages: 11
...Economic Benefits of Transportation Improvements Shamonica Jordan Arkansas Highway Transportation Essay March 11, 2013 Economic Benefits of Transportation Improvements Today, the development of public transportation is extremely prospective in terms of the community development. The development of public transportation can improve the community environment, its socioeconomic development. Goodyear (2010) states the following public transportation has a great potentially, when the use of cars as the main means of transportation threatens to the environment. With that being stated it provides inefficiency with the potential positive effects of public transformations being underestimated. In this respect, it is possible to dwell upon economic, environmental and social benefits resulting from the development of public transportation. First, public transportation can have a positive impact on the development of the local community because it opens larger opportunities for transportation within the community as well as increases its transit potential. American Public Transportation Association (2013) states the following: opponents of public transportation may argue that public transportation needs substantial investments and, what is more important, it is the community or state funds that will be used to fund the development of public transportation. In this respect, opponents are right in regard to the substantial increase of public expenditures on...
Words: 557 - Pages: 3
...Management At the University of Johannesburg April 2014 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Background 3 Research Statement 4 Body 5 Car/Driver Passenger 5 Mini Bus/Taxis 7 Walk 8 Bicycle 9 Train 12 Bus 16 Conclusion 19 Bibliography 20 1. Introduction Background Information The South African economy has seen phenomenal changes in the economic environment that it operates in and the Government has taken the initiative to align the country to conform to international standards to become a competitive and relevant role player in the global markets. In all economies, transportation infrastructure and modes is the vital key to the progress of any country. South Africa comprises of 9 different provinces of which Gauteng is the dominant generator of all South African GDP. Labor is the main source required for the creation of GDP and in that context transportation to and from their place of residence to the place of employment is critical. This research addresses to modal share trends that would likely to take place based on the statistical information extract from the (Vadi, 2013), within a defined period of 30 years from 2011. The topic of discussion revolves around the Figure 1 extract from the journal, (Vadi, 2013) by which a calculated predication of expected of modal share in the main modes in the next 30 years. TABLE 8: MAIN MODE OF TRAVEL TO WORK IN JOHANNESBURG Mode | 2002 Gauteng Household Travel Survey | 2011 Gauteng Quality of Life...
Words: 5047 - Pages: 21
...CHINHOYI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY NAME : TAFADZWA MUDHLIWEVHU REG NUMBER : C13121173D PROGRAMME : BSSCM MODULE : PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT LEVEL : 2.1 ASSIGNMENT Discuss the policy instruments that the government of Zimbabwe applies to intervene in the freight-transport industry and point out in your view how these measures affect business logistics management and performance in the country. Introduction Transport policy deals with the development of a set of constructs and propositions that are established to achieve particular objectives relating to social, economic and environmental development, and the functioning and performance of the transport system. Policy has to be dynamic and evolutionary. The Relevance of Transport policies arise because of the extreme importance of transport in virtually every aspect of economic, social and political activities of nation states. The Logistics Performance Index ranked Zimbabwe at position 103 out of 155 economies, an indication on how difficult it is to move goods by roads in the country. Transport Sector Environment in Zimbabwe The transport sector environment is made up of public and private institutions and organisations. These are supported by legislation, which is implemented and policed by various institutions and individual operators of motor and non-motor transport. Legislation...
Words: 2302 - Pages: 10
...Transport policy in 2011: a new direction? RESEARCH PAPER 11/22 2 March 2011 This paper outlines the changes made to transport policy by the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition Government and looks at some of the long term transport challenges the government is likely to face over the course of this Parliament. It complements and updates House of Commons research paper 10/28, Transport policy in 2010: a rough guide. Louise Butcher Matthew Keep Recent Research Papers 11/05 Social Indicators 18.01.11 11/06 Scotland Bill [Bill 115 of 2010-11] 19.01.11 11/07 Estates of Deceased Persons (Forfeiture Rule and Law of 19.01.11 Succession) Bill [Bill 8 of 2010-11] 11/08 Unemployment by Constituency, January 2011 19.01.11 11/09 Fixed-term Parliaments Bill: Commons Stages 21.01.11 11/10 UK Defence and Security Policy: A New Approach? 21.01.11 11/11 Health and Social Care Bill [Bill 132 of 2010-11] 27.01.11 11/12 Economic Indicators, February 2011 01.02.11 11/13 Anonymity (Arrested Persons) Bill [Bill 9 of 2010-11] 02.02.11 11/14 Education Bill [Bill 137 of 2010-11] 03.02.11 11/15 Budget Responsibility and National Audit Bill [HL] 08.02.11 [Bill 143 of 2010-11] 11/16 The Local Government Finance Settlement 2011-13 08.02.11 11/17 Legislation (Territorial Extent) Bill [Bill 10 of 2010-11] 08.02.11 11/18 Wash-up 2010 11.02.11 11/19 Unemployment...
Words: 27685 - Pages: 111
...King of the Road A helping hand is lent not just only for those who carry heavy loads of things but also for the parents who bring child/children with them. Helping these little toddlers mount inside a public utility vehicle, until they find a seat fit for everyone. The jeepney is the indisputable king of the road because of the sense of bayanihan inside. The jeepney, which had its origins from the reinvention of US military jeeps at the end of the Second World War, has developed since then. Jeepney manufacturers have turned it into an icon, a symbol and one of the insignia of Philippine culture while still retaining its purpose as a popular means of mass transportation. Statistically speaking, jeepneys are one of the most favorable means of public transportation by the Filipinos. As the Land Transportation Office (LTO) reports on the first quarter of 2011, they registered 230, 622 units around the country and surprisingly 61, 145 units are around the small region of Metro Manila. What does it say about the popularity and continuing patronage of the people? A Complete Turn Around As we are hearing from most of the people, there are a lot of words opposing the use and presence of these jeepneys. There are a lot of complaints that says they are the primary cause of heavy traffic along major highways and avenues, and a major cause of air pollution because of the increasing number of smoke-belchers to name a few. However, they play a big role in the lives of every...
Words: 956 - Pages: 4
...Stateline Shipping and Transport Company Strayer University MAT540 – Quantitative Methods September 1, 2011 Stateline Shipping and Transport Company In Excel, or Other Suitable Program, Develop a Model for Shipping the Waste Directly from the 6 Plants to the 3 Waste Disposal Sites The Stateline Shipping and Transport Company wanted to transport chemical wastes from the six plants to the three waste disposal sites. The six pants and their capacity for wastes generated are shown below. Also shown are the three waste disposal sites and their demand requirements. |Plants |Supply (barrels) | |1. Kingsport |35 | |2. Danville |26 | |3. Macon |42 | |4. Selma |53 | |5. Columbus |29 | |6. Allentown |38 | |Waste Disposal Sites |Demand (barrels) | |A. Whitewater |65 | |B. Los Canos |80 | |C. Duras |105 | Shown below are the shipping costs ($/bbl) from each waste disposal site to each plants. |Plants |Waste Disposal Sites | | |A. Whitewater...
Words: 309 - Pages: 2
