...“Trash islands” within international waters are mass accumulations of marine debris or litter. These accumulations occur as a result of oceanic pathways called convergence zones. As debris enters the ocean, the different temperatures of the waters create currents, acting like a “highway”. Eventually, the debris becomes bounded and is trapped by ocean gyres, circular ocean currents. The most famous “trash island” is The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, located in the Pacific Ocean. The size and mass of the island is indeterminable, for the size of North Pacific Subtropical Gyre is too large to be accurately measured. It is estimated that around 80% of the debris that makes up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch comes from land-based pollution, most...
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...amount of trash approximately fourteen times bigger than whole Slovakia? No? Then it is about time to make you familiar with Great Pacific Garbage Patch. This large floating landfill is the biggest one in the world. According to Charles Moore, discoverer of Great Pacific Garbage Patch (in 1977), "The ocean is downhill from everything" (as cited in Blomberg, 2011). Considering the fact that high percentage of all trash is produced on the land, it is very surprising then the biggest junk yard is actually in the water and not on the land. Even though, recently many people and companies started to care more about amount of trash in oceans, there is a lack of information about Great Pacific Garbage Patch and related issues among large number of population. First of all, Great Pacific Garbage Patch consists of two parts, Western and Eastern Pacific Garbage Patch as mentioned in article written by Jacob Silverman (n.d.). Some sources refer to Eastern one as Great Pacific Garbage Patch and do not talk about the other one (Boudreau et al., n.d.), even though they do not deny the existence of Western Pacific Garbage Patch it can cause some misunderstanding with names. In this essay, there will be used distinction of Eastern and Western Pacific Garbage Patch as well as collective name Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Eastern one is situated between Hawaii and California, the Western flows between Hawaii and Japan. Silverman continues that both patches contain trash from all over...
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...overlooked. It is incumbent on the educators today to guide their students in the best way to harness the material they find on the internet. “Most of the data my students Net is like trash fish,” says Judith Levine in her article I Surf, Therefore I Am, “and it is hard for them to tell a dead one-legged crab from a healthy sea bass.”(Levine, p.223) I hear her frustration with students who feel that using the information on the computer is the way to an easy passing grade. However, I also can see where a little guidance from her will go a long way toward helping these students sort through and discover the pieces of information that will help them. Students look to their teachers to guide them. Many schools and teachers have not realized that there is a variety of ways students can access information over the internet. According to a study conducted by the American Institutes for research, “Students report that there is a substantial disconnect between how they use the Internet for school and how they use the Internet during the school day and under teacher direction.” (Levine and Arafeh, p. ii) There is no doubt that the students encountered by Ms. Levine and her contemporaries will continue to turn in sub-standard work without guidance from them on what is a quality piece of research and what is a “dog” (Levine, p. 223). As an older student, I recall the days...
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...Write a 2-3 page paper in response to the following questions: In a developing country, an urban community is overwhelmed by trash that is poorly managed and has become a source of many hazards to the public. As a Health Educator working for an international health organization you have been asked to assist to address the management of trash (solid wastes) in this community. Your tasks in this assignment are to: 1. Describe how you would address proper trash management in the community of a developing country and how services may be improved. 2. Discuss the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle in the management of trash. X Management of municipal solid waste (MSW) or otherwise known as trash or garbage is an ongoing environmental and economic issue not only in the Unites States but also around the world especially in a developing country like the Philippines. The need for a community assessment that aims at assessing the current problems related to the way trash is managed in Pateros, the smallest district in Metro Manila, has been identified. A community assessment is a systemic process of understanding a health problem for the purpose of priority setting or developing an action plan (Escoffery et al, 2004). Before I initiate a community assessment in the area of Pateros, I would have to follow a guide to effectively accomplish the assessment. The matter of solid waste and its management in Metro Manila had catapulted itself into the limelight...
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...Bio 324 12/01/12 Plastics in the ocean Imagine the massive breadth and spread of our great state of Texas. Now imagine every milli-inch of that piled high with trash: bottle caps, cigarettes, cigarette lighters, tampon applicators, plastic nets, discarded flip flops, Frisbees, soda bottles, milk jugs, diapers, six-pack rings, busted tennis rackets, empty pens, shampoo bottles, empty squeeze bottles of jam, you name it. Now take that image, double it, and plunk into the water. That's what is floating around the eastern corner of a 10-million-square-mile oval known as the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Nicknamed the "Eastern Garbage Patch," this buoyant stew of toxic pollution-most of which is plastic-is only one of five such garbage heaps caught in the swirling high-pressure currents characteristic of gyres. The others reside in the South Pacific, the North and South Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean. And each year, perhaps unwittingly, each one of us adds to plastic to the heap. Plastic makes it into our oceans in a variety of ways. About twenty percent of it comes from goods lost from boats: i.e. accidental loss of fishing tackle and other recreational gear, massive shipping containers carrying millions of plastic items washed overboard during severe storms; litter from pleasure boats, or illegal dumping of unwanted goods. Beachgoer’s debris is also a contributor. The other eighty percent is swept in from land. Just as Nonpoint Source Pollution from fertilizers...
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...Daring Escapes of Alcatraz Alcatraz, “Once considered the prison of American prisons, the island of Alcatraz in San Francisco Bay has been an asset to the U.S. Army, the federal prison system, jailhouse folklore, and the historic evolution of the West Coast” (Mahaney). “In nineteen thirty four Alcatraz was converted into a Federal prison” (“Escapes”). Juan Manuel de Ayala, “He called the twenty two acre rocky island ‘La Isla de los Alcatraces’, meaning ‘Island of the Pelicans’” (Mahaney). “Alcatraz was reserved for military use under President Millard Fillmore in eighteen fifty” (Mahaney). Then “The old military prison was upgraded and installed with the latest ‘escape-proof’ safeguards” (“Escapes”). Although, “It was assumed the ‘treacherous...
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...Evaluation of the Ecological Restoration Projects at The University of California, Santa Barbara’s Lagoon Authors: Matthew Edmiston Cat Bradley Chris Anderson Abstract: The University of California, Santa Barbara’s lagoon has undergone several ecological restoration projects over the past two decades. Some efforts have proven to be beneficial, while others still need improvement. This paper addresses and evaluates five different locations around the lagoon, the various restoration projects at the sites, and what more could be done at each habitat in order to assess the ecological restoration efforts in the UCSB Campus Lagoon area. The sites addressed are the San Nicolas degraded wetlands, Campus Point, the coastal sage scrub, Manzanita Village and the bioswales. Overall, each of the sites have finished going through extensive restoration, with techniques such as solarization and re-introduction of native species. Most of the ecosystems are now returned to their pre-disturbed state, but continued efforts are needed to preserve the locations. 1.0 Introduction: The term “ecological restoration” is generally defined as “the return of an ecosystem to a close approximation of its condition prior to disturbance” (NRC Report, 1992). Although this term is often oversimplified, it includes a complex web of cultural, social and political aspects as well as environmental aspects. Due to its complexity, and in many cases, the many competing jurisdictions involved, it is often...
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...The Issue of the Urban Heat Island For the first time in 2008 the human population was split evenly between urban and non-urban areas (Population Reference Bureau). Now, three years later, with greater than 50 percent of people live in urban areas, a large proportion of the human population is at risk of danger from urban climate stress. Urban areas drastically alter the natural landscape of the environments they replace and along with that, feed back loops that maintain local climate and ecosystems. The common identifiers of urban and suburban areas such as large buildings, blacktop surfaces, and roof tops not only directly affect the surfaces they replaced and the ecosystems the land supported, but also the stable climate that the land supported. Natural surfaces such as meadows and forests help to maintain local climates by performing multiple environmental services. When replaced by ubiquitous urban surfaces such as vast blacktop parking lots and roads the local evapotranspiration and albedo are reduced and heat-trapping environments are created (Buyantuyev and Jianguo, 2010). The high concentration of impervious low albedo surfaces in urban areas means that heat is more concentrated in those areas compared to their surrounding natural land. This phenomenon occurs in many urban settings and is known as the Urban Heat Island effect (UHI). Since the Chinese government began its reform process in 1978, Shanghai, China has been constantly expanding and urbanizing...
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...| * The effects of plastic bags on the environment are really quite devastating. While there are many objections to the banning of plastic bags based solely on their convenience, the damage to the environment needs to be controlled. * There is no way to strictly limit the effects of plastic bags on the environment because there is no disposal method that will really help eliminate the problem. While reusing them is the first step, most people either don't or can't based on store policies. They are not durable enough to stand up to numerous trips to the store so often the best that citizens can do is reuse them when following pooper scooper laws. * The biggest problem with this is that once they have been soiled the end up in the trash, which then ends up in the landfill or burned. Either solution is very poor for the environment. Burning emits toxic gases that harm the atmosphere and increase the level of VOCs in the air while landfills hold them indefinitely as part of the plastic waste problem throughout the globe. * Plastic Bag Litter * Even when citizens try to manage their plastic bag disposal wind plays a role in carrying them away as litter. This litter is not biodegradable and thus where it lands it tends to stay for long period of time. A bag that is eventually ripped to shreds from high winds or other factors doesn't disappear but instead is spread in smaller amounts throughout the area. This can cause more problems as these smaller pieces are carried away...
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...| | Panera Bread Company | The observation and analysis of a fast food restaurant | Panera Bread Company | The observation and analysis of a fast food restaurant | Background Information Rationale I chose to observe operations at Panera Bread Company (Panera) based on two factors: 1) I like the food and overall ambiance – I think Panera uses ingredients that are fresher and of higher quality than more traditional fast food restaurants. I also like that customers can sit down to eat using proper silverware and plates rather than using plastic utensils eating off of paper wrappers and plastic forks. Many Panera locations also have a patio, for al fresco dining, a cozy fireplace, for the winter months, and a small section with upholstered chairs and sofas. 2) Panera offers free Wi-Fi – this was an important factor because I wanted to take notes during each visit without bringing attention to myself. Because Panera offers Wi-Fi, it is not unusual to see customers with laptops. Visits I visited three different Panera locations over the course of several weeks and spent approximately 2 hours at each location. Location | Date and time of visit | Order Placed | | | | 5600 Urbana Pike | April 6, 2010 | Cuban Chicken Panini with chips as a side, an unsweetened iced tea and a Toffee Nut Cookie | Frederick, MD 21704 | 2:40 PM | | 136 Nassau Street | April 11, 2010 | Tuna Salad Sandwich (standard condiments replaced with Dijon mustard and...
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...14th GREEN TIP TO SAVE MOTHER EARTH Broken scientific apparatus like thermometer, barometers, manometers, sphygmomanometers, and float valves and other things that have mercury on should be disposed properly. Avoid throwing them in rivers for mercury is toxic and poisonous. Mercury * Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum. * Mercury poisoning can result from exposure to water-soluble forms of mercury (such as mercuric chloride or methylmercury), inhalation of mercury vapor, or eating seafood contaminated with mercury. * Mercury is used in thermometers, barometers, manometers, sphygmomanometers, float valves, mercury switches, mercury relays fluorescent lamps and other devices, through concerns about the element's toxicity have led to mercury thermometers and sphygmomanometers being largely phased out in clinical environments in favour of alternatives such as alcohol- or galinstan-filled glass thermometers and thermistor- or infrared-based electronic instruments. Mercury can be found in four different forms: * Mercury metal, which is a silver-gray liquid, is harmful to humans when it is exposed into the air and consequently breathed into the lungs. * Methylmercury "may be taken into the body by eating certain saltwater and freshwater fish, especially larger fish at the top of the food chain, such as shark, swordfish, largemouth bass, and chain pickerel." ...
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...TECHNICAL REPORT TOURISM MASTER PLAN (ISLAND AND COASTAL TOURISM) [PANGKOR ISLAND] REIZENEILAND TOURISM WORKSHOP 4 (TPHM 2202) WORKSHOP MASTER 4 BR. MUHAMMAD ALI BIN A. RAHMAN NO. | CONSULTANT | MATRIC NO. | 1. | ZUL AZIM SHAFFIQ BIN DARSO | 1313867 | 2. | NUR HAMIZAH BINTI ISHAK | 1316676 | 3. | TENGKU PUTERI NURFAZLINA BINTI T. OMAR | 1417212 | 4. | NUR SYAMIMIE BINTI SHAHIDAN | 1319914 | 5. | AZIANI BINTI AZIZI | 1313728 | 6. | NUR ADILAH BINTI ADNAN | 1318646 | 7. | NUR AFIQAH BINTI MOHD AZIZ | 1317958 | 8. | NURUL FARAHIN BINTI MOHAMAD HUSSIN | 1311780 | 9. | NUR HIDAYAH BINTI AB. SALAM | 1315622 | TABLE OF CONTENTS No table of contents entries found. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION First and foremost, the consultant has been given a task to prepare and complete Technical Report of Tourism Master Plan. The purpose of preparation Technical Report is vital in a way of formulation Tourism Master Plan. In this report, the consultant needs to analyse all the findings collected from the case study area which is Pangkor Island. Apart from that, the preparation of technical report is the third stage before proceeding to the final stage which is completing of Tourism Master Plan itself. Besides that, the theme that has been selected is Island and Coastal Tourism. Thus, this chapter will present the purpose of the study and identification of the report goal and objectives. Last but not least, this chapter also includes study...
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...MIDTERM – THE HOME DEPOT’S ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION Organization Communications Mgmt 305 Potomac College Abstract This paper will analyze the culture of The Home Depot and its communication practices. This will be accomplished by examining the dimensions of the organization’s structure. The Home Depot’s sociability, power distribution and job autonomy, degree of structure, achievement rewards, opportunities for growth, tolerance for risk and change, conflict tolerance, and emotional support will be used to determine if the organization has a Theory Y culture. Introduction Home Depot is considered to be one of the top ranking home improvement organizations. The mission statement of this organization was formulated around being “committed to maximizing long term shareholder value while supporting management in the business and operations of the company, observing the highest ethical standards and adhering to the laws of the jurisdictions within which the company operates” (Homer TLC INC, 2010). The Home Depot transformed the “home improvement industry” by providing a well round reputation for products, corporate governance and strong values within the community. The purpose of The Home Depot remains to build relationships, have social responsibility, and concrete ethics as an organization. Employees are respected, offered growth and reputable incentive plans. Public policy makers and Home Depot collaborates on ideas to assure prosperity in our society. Home...
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...Introduction Rooted in Ray Kroc’s founding principles of Quality, Service, Cleanliness & Value (Q.S.C.&V.), McDonald’s management has always believed in being a leader in issues that affect their customers. This philosophy is evident in McDonald’s involvement in various community projects regarding education, health care, medical research, and rehabilitation facilities. These activities help the corporation to extend their image beyond fun and entertainment into social responsibility. However, in the late 1980s, McDonald’s began to face criticism for its environmental policies, especially those surrounding polystyrene clamshell containers. In 1987, McDonald’s replaced CFCs, the blowing agent used in clamshell production, with weaker HCFC-22’s after facing public criticism that CFC usage was contributing to ozone depletion. But this change was not enough for many grass-roots environmental groups that, led by the Citizens Clearinghouse for Hazardous Waste (CCHW), united in establishing a “Ronald McToxic Campaign” consisting of restaurant picketers and an organized effort to mail clamshells back to Oak Brook headquarters. When McDonald’s later tested trash-to-energy on-site incinerators, CCHW quickly named the project...
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...PREPAREDNESS OF LAWMA IN SORTING OF HOUSEHOLD WASTES - CASE STUDY OF ALIMOSHO LOCAL GOVERNMENT (IYANA IPAJA AND ENVIRONS) LAGOS STATE BY ANWULI JOY NWOSU MATRIC NO: 030802060 In Partial Fulfillment for the Award of Master in Environmental Management (MEM) OCTOBER, 2014 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research project on Preparedness of Household waste sorting around Iyana Ipaja and its environs as a case study was done by Joy………… in the department of Chemistry under the supervision of my Project Supervisor. ……………………………………… ……………………………… Prject Supervisor Date ……………………………….. ……………………………………. (HOD, Chemistry Department, Unilag) Date DEDICATION AKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT This study examines the overview and the concepts of household waste sorting – waste prevention, collection, recycling and reuse, followed by household analysis using empirical data. The analysis shows the average mean weight composition of household waste sortingat source ranges from 0.50kg to 0.63kg paper, 2.21kg to 3.29kg putrescibles, 0.85kg to 1.41kg glass, 0.52kg to 0.68 plastic and 0.89kg to 1.20kg cans. The average percentage composition of wastes ranges from 10% paper to 45% putrescibles. From the analysis, there is a low level of household awareness about the preparedness of household waste sorting at source, and hence low level of participation in household waste sorting, disposal and recycling. The study also concludes the need for strengthening the relationship of proper...
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