...from adult day care facilities, cardiology offices, and inpatient hopitals. The strength of this sample was the amount of variation it included, which accounted for caregivers from each of the four stageso f HF, and spanned a variety of nationalities, employment statuses, and genders. The only weakness in th sampling strategy was that there were only 20 participants. 3) Were the subjects in this study vulnerable? Were there any risks for them as the result of participation in the research study? The caregivers interviewed in the study were not vulnerable at all They simply explained their experiences regarding their process of decision making in the comfort of their own homes. The only potential risk was possibly causing emotional trauma by having caregivers discuss various ramifications of this condition...
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...Burns: Understanding Nursing Research, 4th Edition Critiquing Exercise Knott, A. & Kee, C. C. (2005). Nurses’ beliefs about family presence during resuscitation. Applied Nursing Research, 18(4), 192-198. |STANDARDS/EVALUATION CRITERIA 50|KEY CONCEPTS IN CRITIQUE | |points | | |Descriptive Vividness 5 pts | | |Was the significance of the study adequately described? |1. The significance of the study was adequately described. | | |Family presence (FP) during resuscitation is a matter that | |Was the purpose of the study clearly described? |warrants more investigation as to whether or not it should, or | | |should not be allowed. Furthermore, the study proposes the | |Were the interpretations presented in a descriptive way that |necessity of protocols in place in institutions to guide | |illuminated more than the quotes did? |decisions on this matter. | | | ...
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...of death for adolescents. The rates of patient over the age of 65 are increasing especially over the age of 85. Patients that present to the Emergency Department often have no primary care provider and use the emergency department for their health care needs. This presents the optimal opportunity to screen for suicide risk at every age level. Patients at risk often go undetected and unrecognized and therefore untreated. Even patients that present to the ED for non- suicidal or mental health reasons had positive screening results. The RSQ (Risk of Suicide Questionnaire) was initially tested in a pediatric facility and consisted of 14 questions. This proved to be too long and was the condensed to 4 questions and tested in a Level I trauma Center Emergency Department in the Midwest. This studies had results of 30% of ED patients had a positive suicide risk assessment. These patients were screened regardless of complaint or diagnosis. Patients that...
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...[pic] Institutional Review Board Application FOR HUMAN SUBJECTS Research THE UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD (IRB) EXISTS TO ENSURE UNIVERSITY COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL REGULATIONS REGARDING RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN SUBJECTS. THIS APPLICATION IS USED TO FACILITATE AND DOCUMENT THIS COMPLIANCE REVIEW. RESEARCH PROJECTS WHICH MEET THE FEDERAL DEFINITION FOR RESEARCH AND THE FEDERAL DEFINITION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS MUST BE APPROVED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX IRB BEFORE ANY DATA COLLECTION BEGINS. IF AN IRB APPLICATION IS APPROVED BY THE IRB AND, LATER, THE NATURE OF THE RESEARCH DESIGN, REQUIREMENTS, OR SITE LOCATIONS CHANGE, A REVISED APPLICATION DESCRIBING THESE CHANGES MUST BE SUBMITTED FOR RECONSIDERATION AND APPROVAL BY THE IRB. THIS APPLICATION IS INTENDED AS A STAND ALONE DOCUMENT, SO REFERENCE TO OTHER DOCUMENTS OR APPENDICES OF DISSERTATION PROPOSALS OR OTHER RESEARCH STUDIES DOES NOT SUBSTITUTE FOR DIRECT PROVISION OF THAT INFORMATION AS PART OF THIS APPLICATION, EITHER AS A RESPONSE WITHIN A SECTION OR AS AN ADDENDUM. THIS APPLICATION PERTAINS TO BOTH PILOT STUDIES AND FULL STUDIES. PLEASE NOTE THAT IT IS THE RESEARCHER’S RESPONSIBILITY TO GIVE COMPLETE AND ACCURATE INFORMATION ABOUT THE NATURE OF THE PROPOSED STUDY, PARTICULARLY IN TERMS OF THE EFFECTS ON, AND EXPECTATIONS FOR, SUBJECT PARTICIPANTS. PLEASE NOTE THAT YOU MUST DOCUMENT CURRENCY IN CITI CERTIFICATION...
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...In 2006 a study by Northfields Laboratory got outed for it’s unconsenting experiment done on trauma patients. An article from NBC News said the experiment got through with FDA approval through a loop hole, because the patients were unable to consent do to their injuries, and unable to get consent from a loved one do to the emergency situation. To combat that claim the article also stated that the company made the experiment common knowledge by holding meetings in each participating 31 cities. However; these meetings did not, according to the article, state the fact that a previous study done in the late 90’s - early 00’s showed that the people who were infused with the fake blood Polyheme were more at risk to have a heart attack. The article...
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...Group Work – final Ethics in various group counseling populations Question 1: Ethics Informed consent covers those aspects of the therapeutic relationship which the client is entitled to have explained to them before agreeing to participate. This may apply to initiating therapy or continuing it. Consent should be obtained verbally and documented in writing to protect all parties involved (A.2.a). Discussion of issues raised at this time helps build rapport and reassures the client about what to expect in the counseling relationship. Issues discussed at the initial interview help to collaboratively determine whether the therapist/group is a good fit (A.2.a). This would be part of the screening process when applied to group work. Counseling should not proceed until the client has affirmed that they understand their rights and responsibilities as well as those of the therapist. (a.2.a) Such consent is generally given by the client, but may be from a parent or caregiver when the client is unable to do so. The ACA Code further alerts us to the need for balance between clients’right to make choices, their capacity to do so, and parental or familial rights and responsibilities to look out for the client’s best interests. (a.2.d) Clients should be included in decisions regarding their treatment insofar as feasible and appropriate. Disclosures included when obtaining informed consent include things that inform the therapist’s approach to counseling and/or the group’s norms: theoretical...
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...They contain very specific instructions on which reproductive health and end of life services may or may not be provided at a Catholic health facility. As the Washington State Legislature declared, approximately 38 percent of women in Washington are raped in their lifetimes – a rate 20% higher than the national average.17Given these staggering figures, Washington and Oregon have determined that hospitals should provide basic, standard medical care to the girls and women who seek emergency care in these states after a rape. This requirement is standard healthcare; it comports with medical ethics and laws that require informed consent to medical treatment; 18 and it ensures that women’s fundamental rights to use birth control are protected when seeking care after a rape.19 Finally, and significantly, it ensures that the healthcare system works to address rape trauma, rather than compound...
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...Today's healthcare environment is increasingly complex, as issues compete for importance. As a consequence of this, nurses frequently face ethical dilemmas. In deciding the best course of action in such dilemmas, nurses can look for guidance to professional standards of conduct, such as those enumerated in the Code of Ethics of the American Nursing Association (ANA). According to Mahlmeister (1996), each nurse should own a copy of the ANA code, as this document can provide guidance on situations that nurses face on an almost daily basis. For example, consider a situation that may result from one hospital trying to institute policies concerning cost containment. In order to keep the cost down, the nurse in charge of a 7 bed unit (without a nurse's assistance) is expected under a restructuring plan to also work a second adult ward if there are fewer than three children on the pediatric unit during the night shift (Mahlmeister, 1996). This split shift leaves these pediatric patients unattended while the nurse is in the adult ward. The ANA Code of Ethics states that it is the nurse's responsibility "to safeguard the client and the public when health care and safety are affected by incompetent, unethical or illegal practice of any person" (Mahlmeister, 1996, p. 130). Even though this nurse was ordered by a manager to leave the pediatric setting, the nurse is personally accountable for his or her actions for any situation that may arise during this absence. Not only is this practice...
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...Today's healthcare environment is increasingly complex, as issues compete for importance. As a consequence of this, nurses frequently face ethical dilemmas. In deciding the best course of action in such dilemmas, nurses can look for guidance to professional standards of conduct, such as those enumerated in the Code of Ethics of the American Nursing Association (ANA). According to Mahlmeister (1996), each nurse should own a copy of the ANA code, as this document can provide guidance on situations that nurses face on an almost daily basis. For example, consider a situation that may result from one hospital trying to institute policies concerning cost containment. In order to keep the cost down, the nurse in charge of a 7 bed unit (without a nurse's assistance) is expected under a restructuring plan to also work a second adult ward if there are fewer than three children on the pediatric unit during the night shift (Mahlmeister, 1996). This split shift leaves these pediatric patients unattended while the nurse is in the adult ward. The ANA Code of Ethics states that it is the nurse's responsibility "to safeguard the client and the public when health care and safety are affected by incompetent, unethical or illegal practice of any person" (Mahlmeister, 1996, p. 130). Even though this nurse was ordered by a manager to leave the pediatric setting, the nurse is personally accountable for his or her actions for any situation that may arise during this absence. Not only is this practice...
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...Today's healthcare environment is increasingly complex, as issues compete for importance. As a consequence of this, nurses frequently face ethical dilemmas. In deciding the best course of action in such dilemmas, nurses can look for guidance to professional standards of conduct, such as those enumerated in the Code of Ethics of the American Nursing Association (ANA). According to Mahlmeister (1996), each nurse should own a copy of the ANA code, as this document can provide guidance on situations that nurses face on an almost daily basis. For example, consider a situation that may result from one hospital trying to institute policies concerning cost containment. In order to keep the cost down, the nurse in charge of a 7 bed unit (without a nurse's assistance) is expected under a restructuring plan to also work a second adult ward if there are fewer than three children on the pediatric unit during the night shift (Mahlmeister, 1996). This split shift leaves these pediatric patients unattended while the nurse is in the adult ward. The ANA Code of Ethics states that it is the nurse's responsibility "to safeguard the client and the public when health care and safety are affected by incompetent, unethical or illegal practice of any person" (Mahlmeister, 1996, p. 130). Even though this nurse was ordered by a manager to leave the pediatric setting, the nurse is personally accountable for his or her actions for any situation that may arise during this absence. Not only is this practice...
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...Department of Science and Technology Philippine Council for Health Research and Development ZAMBOANGA CONSORTIUM FOR HEALTH RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DOST- IX Compound, Capt. F. Marcos St. cor. Gen. Alvarez St. Pettit Barracks, Zamboanga City 7000 DETAILED RESEARCH PROPOSAL Part I Procedural Documents: these include individual pages containing the cover sheet, Standard Application Form for Ethics Review (SAFER), clearances, endorsement from the agency head, and the curriculum vitae. There should be no pagination on these documents as they are meant to stand-alone. Cover sheet – Please use a separate sheet. This contains the following information: 1. 2. 3. 4. Revision date and number Title of the study Study number – (to be provided by PCHRD) Signatures and dates: a. Author(s) / Contact numbers b. Implementing agency / Contact numbers(This refers to the agency/ies implementing the research proposal) c. Cooperating agency / Contact numbers (This refers to the agency/ies, which is/are expected to cooperate/contribute to the research work.) A. Standard Application Form for Ethics Review (SAFER) – Please use a separate sheet. This contains the following information: (For Ethics Review Committee use only) 1. 2. Reference Number– (to be provided by ZCHRD) Contact details of Program/Project leader (This indicates the name of the program and/or project leader, his/her designation or title in his/her agency, field of specialization and his/her mailing address, telephone and...
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...and the appropriate way to address them. Seeking assistance in this profession is an important especially if they plan on continue counselor with the set clients. Often times even a therapist attends a counseling just to help sort out some emotions that might arise. 3.10 Gifts: This ethical code has to do with a therapist receive or giving gifts of substantial value, or a gift that might impair the integrity or efficacy of the therapeutic relationship (AAMFT). Often time’s clients want to show appreciation for the healings that they have experienced. Some of the time a simple thank you is not enough, in some cultures it is custom to give a gift. One suggestion that a therapist might try is to place the “no gift giving” in the informed consent. This way the client will have a hard copy of the understandings. Another options is to send out a kindly reminder during the holidays that gift are not needed, all though this practice might be presumptuous. 6.6 Pro Bono: Therapist participate in activities that contribute to society and the community, this might devote a portion of their professional activity to services for little or no financial return (AAMFT). The dilemma with this is determining which client might need a sliding scale. One way is to provide a screening process that...
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...adapting the existing guidelines to address the growing field of clinical research. In the U.S., news that researchers deceived and withheld treatment from subjects in the Tuskegee Study, led to the creation of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The National Commission was charged with the establishing a code of research ethics for U.S. research with human subjects. In 1979, the Commission issued the Belmont Report, the foundational document of the current system of U.S. human subjects protections. The Belmont Report outlines three key ethical principles for conducting research with human subjects: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. The Belmont Report, in turn, informed the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) Code of Federal Regulations (45 CFR 46), created...
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... I would encourage her to tell her parents mainly because eventually there will be no way of hiding the fact that she is pregnant and that it may be best for her to tell them instead of waiting and have them find out through rumours or by someone else. I would respond this way because if I went to her parents it would be breaking confidentiality and it would destroy any level of trust that had been developed between the client and myself. 2. What is an Informed Consent Form and why is it important? What would you include on your own Informed Consent Form regarding confidentiality? Why? Informed consent is a legal procedure to ensure that a client is fully aware of all the costs and possible risks involved in a treatment or procedure in the continuum of care. It is the counselor’s responsibility to inform the client of the details of the treatment or particular type of service provided that they qualify for and the other levels of care available including the possibile benefits and risks of treatment. Consent must be given voluntarily and a client must be competent to...
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...Code of Ethics Analysis There are many obstacles one will encounter in the human service organizations. One of the biggest issues is trying to explain to the clients that they need to give informed consent. Human service organizations tend to forget about the rights of the patient to give consent on treatment plans or methods of treatments under certain instances. For example, if a patient has a mental illness, it may be hard for a social worker to explain what is going on in a way that the patient will understand it. This situation may lead to the patient to not fully understanding that they have just given consent to be treated or not treated. The NASW, or National Association of Social Workers, had a Code of Ethics. This Code is to help guide the social workers on how to behave in a professional matter, how to handle situations in an ethical matter, and it gives a list of standards that are to be meet in an ethical way. These codes or rules may affect how a social worker will obtain consent from a patient because the patient could have a hearing disorder, a mental disorder, or they could even speak a different language. The goal of NASW is to take each situation and outline a way in which the social worker can get the consent they need. For example, let us say that the client is illiterate, or cannot understand the main language being used. The social worker will then have to verbally explain everything in a way that the client will understand them. If the...
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